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‣ The Impact of the Business Environment on Young Firm Financing
Fonte: Banco Mundial
Publicador: Banco Mundial
Português
Relevância na Pesquisa
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#ACCESS TO BANK#ACCESS TO CREDIT#ACCESS TO EXTERNAL FINANCE#ACCESS TO FINANCE#ACCESS TO FINANCING#ACCESS TO FORMAL FINANCE#ADVERSE SELECTION#ASYMMETRIC INFORMATION#AVAILABILITY OF BANK FINANCING#AVAILABILITY OF CREDIT#BANK CREDIT
This paper uses a dataset of more than
70,000 firms in over 100 countries to systematically study
the use of different financing sources for new and young
firms, in comparison to mature firms. The authors find that
in all countries younger firms rely less on bank financing
and more on informal financing. However, they also find that
younger firms use more bank finance in countries with
stronger rule of law and better credit information, and that
the reliance of young firms on informal finance decreases
with the availability of credit information. Overall, the
results suggest that improvements to the legal environment
and availability of credit information are
disproportionately beneficial for promoting access to formal
finance by young firms.
Link permanente para citações:
‣ Well-Structured Agribusiness Linkages Projects Lead to Happy Clients and a Developed Sector
Fonte: World Bank, Washington, DC
Publicador: World Bank, Washington, DC
Português
Relevância na Pesquisa
77.663823%
#ACCESS TO FINANCE#ACCESS TO FINANCING#ADVISORY SERVICES#AGRIBUSINESS#AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES#AGRICULTURAL SECTOR#AGRICULTURE#AWARENESS CAMPAIGN#BANK LENDING#BANK LOANS#BANKS
Despite the large potential of the
agricultural sector in Eastern Europe and Central Asia,
production is still limited by a lack of technical knowledge
and, in many cases, an unwillingness to change agricultural
practices inherited from Soviet times. The problem has more
than one cause: poor technology, management skills, and
quality of produce prevent farms from joining agribusiness
supply chains. Limited access to financing further prevents
farmers who want to improve practices from making the
investments needed to achieve better productivity and
efficiency. This situation is further complicated by an
unfriendly regulatory environment, specifically, land
ownership issues and corrupt state subsidies systems, which
distort the market. International Financial Corporation
(IFC) Private Enterprise Partnership in Eastern Europe and
Central Asia (IFC PEP-ECA) has developed a comprehensive
approach to tackling each of these issues in its
agribusiness projects; this approach has also been affirmed
by the independent evaluation group.
Link permanente para citações:
‣ Scaling-Up SME Access to Financial Services
Fonte: Washington, DC
Publicador: Washington, DC
Português
Relevância na Pesquisa
78.505815%
#ACCESS INDICATORS#ACCESS TO BANK LOANS#ACCESS TO CAPITAL#ACCESS TO CREDIT#ACCESS TO FINANCE#ACCESS TO FINANCIAL SERVICES#ACCESS TO FINANCING#ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLES#ALTERNATIVE FINANCING#ALTERNATIVE INVESTMENT#ANGEL INVESTORS
Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) play
a major role in economic development, particularly in
emerging countries, but access to finance remains a key
constraint to SME. In the light of the new understanding of
the SME finance challenges that this report synthesizes, the
Financial Inclusion Experts Group (FIEG) makes key
recommendations for the G-20 leaders, in order to achieve a
global scale-up of SME access to financial services in the
developing world. The G-20 FIEG SME Finance Sub-Group
executed a global SME Finance stocktaking exercise with
various SME finance models to establish best practices in
SME Finance.The report concludes that, given the fragmented
SME finance data space, the G-20 has a unique opportunity to
lead the collaborative effort on improving the availability
and quality of SME finance data globally. This can be
achieved through encouraging and coordinating the data
collection efforts at regional, national, and global levels
conducted by a multitude of sources including national
governments/agencies and international organizations and
effectively addressing the data collection challenges along
the way to ensure continuity of these efforts moving forward.
Link permanente para citações:
‣ Policy Note on SMEs Access to Finance in Tunisia
Fonte: Washington, DC
Publicador: Washington, DC
Português
Relevância na Pesquisa
68.44375%
#ACCESS TO BANK#ACCESS TO FINANCE#ACCESS TO FINANCIAL SERVICES#ACCESS TO FINANCING#ACCOUNT RECEIVABLES#ADVANCED ECONOMIES#AMOUNT OF COLLATERAL#ASSET FINANCING#AVAILABILITY OF CREDIT#BALANCE SHEETS#BANK ASSETS
The Tunisian government has long been
aware of the need to support companies in their search for
financing. Over the last decade, the government has
strengthened legal and regulatory frameworks in this area,
created public financing systems, facilitated the
development of financial markets and helped to expand the
supply of financial products, especially those geared at
SMEs. SMEs play a vital role in Tunisia because at least
97.8 percent of Tunisian firms (across all sectors) fall
into this category. The main consequence of the prevalence
of SMEs in Tunisia s economic landscape is that all economic
development strategies are de facto based on the performance
of this category of companies. SMEs ability to obtain
financing for their business operations and investments is
therefore crucial to Tunisia s future economic development.
Link permanente para citações:
‣ Financial Access 2009 : Measuring Access to Financial Services around the World
Fonte: Consultative Group to Assist the Poor/The World Bank, Washington, DC
Publicador: Consultative Group to Assist the Poor/The World Bank, Washington, DC
Português
Relevância na Pesquisa
87.5235%
#ACCESS POINT#ACCESS POINTS#ACCESS TO CREDIT#ACCESS TO FINANCE#ACCESS TO FINANCIAL SERVICES#ACCESS TO SAVING#ACCESS TO SAVINGS#ACCOUNT HOLDERS#ACCOUNT OWNERSHIP#ACCOUNTING#ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS
Financial Access 2009 introduces the
latest data from a survey of financial regulators in 139
countries. It presents indicators of access to savings,
credit, and payment services in banks, and in regulated
nonbank financial institutions. It is intended for a broad
audience of policymakers, researchers, practitioners,
multilateral and bilateral investors, in order to guide
monetary policy, monitor systemic risks, and collect
information on the values of deposits and credit. This
report reviews three interventions: disclosure requirements,
interest rate caps, and methods to address excessive lending
that can result in consumer indebtedness. Improved
transparency and disclosure allow borrowers to make informed
choices and can facilitate competition in financial markets,
eventually leading to lower prices and improved products.
Policies to restrict interest rates or credit quantity,
especially in consumer credit, seem to have limited effect
but require further analysis.
Link permanente para citações:
‣ Niger - Rural Financial Services : Expanding Financial Access to the Rural Poor
Fonte: Washington, DC
Publicador: Washington, DC
Português
Relevância na Pesquisa
78.283164%
#ACCESS TO CREDIT#ACCESS TO FINANCE#ACCESS TO FINANCIAL SERVICES#ACCESS TO FINANCING#ACCESS TO LOANS#ACCESS TO RURAL FINANCE#ACCOUNTING#AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES#AGRICULTURAL BANK#AGRICULTURAL COOPERATIVES#AGRICULTURAL CREDIT
The main objective of this study is to
identify the major impediments to access to financial
services in rural areas, and provide practical
recommendations to address the identified problems. The
study aims to inform on rural finance policies and
innovative instruments by examining both supply and demand
sides including an identification of non-financial issues
that restrict development of the rural financial sector.
Addressing the lack of rural access to financial services in
the Niger development process continues to figure
prominently on the Government agenda without, however, a
systematic action plan and strategy. Adopting ad hoc
solutions (such as the creation of an agricultural
development bank) without addressing the structural issues
that limit access to financial services will, unfortunately,
not yield any positive long lasting results.
Link permanente para citações:
‣ Access to Financial Services : A Review of the Issues and Public Policy Objectives
Fonte: Oxford University Press on behalf of the World Bank
Publicador: Oxford University Press on behalf of the World Bank
Tipo: Artigo de Revista Científica
Português
Relevância na Pesquisa
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#ABSENCE OF CREDIT#ACCESS BARRIERS#ACCESS TO BANK ACCOUNTS#ACCESS TO CREDIT#ACCESS TO FINANCE#ACCESS TO FINANCIAL SERVICES#ACCESS TO FINANCING#ACCESS TO INTERNATIONAL MARKETS#ACCESS TO PAYMENTS#ACCOUNT OWNERS#ADMINISTRATIVE BURDENS
This article reviews the evidence on the
importance of finance for economic well-being. It provides
data on the use of basic financial services by households
and firms across a sample of countries, assesses the
desirability of universal access, and provides an overview
of the macroeconomic, legal, and regulatory obstacles to
access. Despite the benefits of finance, the data show that
use of financial services is far from universal in many
countries, especially developing countries. Universal access
to financial services has not been a public policy objective
in most countries and would likely be difficult to achieve.
Countries can, however, facilitate access to financial
services by strengthening institutional infrastructure,
liberalizing markets and facilitating greater competition,
and encouraging innovative use of know-how and technology.
Government interventions to directly broaden access to
finance, however, are costly and fraught with risks, among
others the risk of missing the targeted groups. The article
concludes with recommendations for global actions aimed at
improving data on access and use and suggestions on areas of
further analysis to identify constraints to broadening access.
Link permanente para citações:
‣ Enhancing Access to Finance for Technology Entrepreneurs : Analysis of Highly Innovative, High Growth Start-Ups in Vietnam, Cambodia, and Nepal
Fonte: Washington, DC
Publicador: Washington, DC
Português
Relevância na Pesquisa
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#ACCESS TO BANK#ACCESS TO CREDIT#ACCESS TO FINANCE#ACCESS TO FINANCING#ACCESS TO LOANS#ACCESS TO MARKET#ADVISORY SERVICES#AGRICULTURAL INCOME#ANGEL GROUP#ANGEL INVESTOR#ANGEL INVESTORS
The first part of the study provides
contextual background to the financing gaps and associated
barriers, which restrict access to finance for HI start-ups.
These barriers are driven by both supply and demand sides of
the financing equation. Supply side barriers include: high
transaction costs associated with financing; high levels of
credit risk associated with HI start-ups; high collateral
required by financial institutions; non-conducive legal and
regulatory environments for investment in HI start-ups; lack
of start-up expertise and dedicated resources by financiers;
and finance products that are not tailored to HI start-ups
needs and circumstances. Demand side barriers include:
reliance by HI start-ups on informal financing sources; lack
of awareness on the process to apply for funding from formal
financing sources; low levels of financial literacy by HI
start-ups; and the fear of losing control by involving
external investors. This section also contains a broad
overview of the country frameworks governing the start-up
sector...
Link permanente para citações:
‣ Financing Municipal Energy Efficiency Projects
Fonte: World Bank, Washington, DC
Publicador: World Bank, Washington, DC
Português
Relevância na Pesquisa
78.41104%
#ACCESS TO FINANCING#ACCESS TO FUND#ADVISORY SERVICES#ALLOCATION OF FUNDS#ASSETS#AUDITS#AUTONOMY#BALANCE SHEETS#BANK FINANCING#BANK LENDING#BANK LOANS
Improving the energy efficiency (EE) of
municipally owned buildings, such as schools and hospitals,
and municipal infrastructure, such as public lighting, water
supply, and district heating, offers budgetary savings on
energy bills and a wide range of environmental and
socioeconomic benefits. But relatively few municipal EE
projects have been developed and implemented successfully.
The challenges that limit EE investments in municipal
buildings and facilities can be grouped into three broad
areas: (i) a lack of awareness and incentives; (ii)
insufficient implementation capacity; and (iii) limited
access to financing. All three sets of challenges need to be
addressed to scale up successful implementation of municipal
EE projects. This Guidance Note focuses on the key issues
faced by municipalities in accessing financing for EE
investments, particularly for projects in the following four
areas: indoor lighting, building retrofits, public lighting,
and municipal utilities. The guidance note discusses the
following potential financing mechanisms that can be used by
municipalities to finance EE measures: budget financing...
Link permanente para citações:
‣ Scaling-Up SME Access to Financial Services in the Developing World
Fonte: Washington, DC
Publicador: Washington, DC
Tipo: Trabalho em Andamento
Português
Relevância na Pesquisa
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#ACCESS INDICATORS#ACCESS TO BANK LOANS#ACCESS TO CAPITAL#ACCESS TO CREDIT#ACCESS TO FINANCE#ACCESS TO FINANCIAL SERVICES#ACCESS TO FINANCING#ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLES#ALTERNATIVE FINANCING#ALTERNATIVE INVESTMENT#ANGEL INVESTORS
Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) play
a major role in economic development, particularly in
emerging countries. Access to finance remains a key
constraint to SME development in emerging economies. Closing
the credit gap for formal SMEs will be less daunting than
for informal SMEs. The SME finance gap is the result of a
mismatch between the needs of the small firms and the supply
of financial services, which typically are easier for larger
firms to access. Deficiencies in the enabling environment
and residual market failures have motivated government
interventions to foster SME access to financing. The
stocktaking exercise confirms the rise in various parts of
the world of specific business models aimed at providing
financial services to SMEs in a cost-effective manner.
Effective SME financing models can be implemented in
different country and market environments, but greater
outreach is achieved in the most developed environments for
the financial sector. Although SME banking and microfinance
models are successfully being rolled out in an increasing
number of countries and regions...
Link permanente para citações:
‣ Facilitating SME Financing through Improved Credit Reporting
Fonte: World Bank, Washington, DC
Publicador: World Bank, Washington, DC
Tipo: Relatório
Português
Relevância na Pesquisa
78.485186%
#ACCESS TO CAPITAL#ACCESS TO CREDIT#ACCESS TO FINANCING#ACCESS TO INFORMATION#ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLES#ADMINISTRATIVE BURDEN#ALTERNATIVE FINANCING#ANTI-MONEY LAUNDERING#ANTI-MONEY LAUNDERING LEGISLATION#ARREARS#ASYMMETRIC INFORMATION
The general principles for credit
reporting were issued by the World Bank in September 2011.
Since then, the World Bank and the international committee
on credit reporting (ICCR) have been leading efforts towards
the implementation of the general principles worldwide. This
report is one of the concrete outputs of the work following
the general principles. It addresses one of the most
significant problems that limit the ability of most small
and medium enterprises (SMEs) around the world to obtain
adequate external financing to underpin their productive
activities: information asymmetries. Creditors assess the
creditworthiness of credit and loan applicants based on two
basic criteria: ones financial capacity or ability to repay
a loan, and ones willingness to repay the loan. A credit
reporting system s (CRS) basic objective is to address
information asymmetries, which is crucial for determining
repayment capacity and repayment willingness. Credit
reporting can therefore be extremely valuable to creditors
for enhanced...
Link permanente para citações:
‣ Potentials and Constraints of Using Warehouse Receipts Financing
Fonte: World Bank, Washington, DC
Publicador: World Bank, Washington, DC
Tipo: Trabalho em Andamento
Português
Relevância na Pesquisa
68.52949%
#TAX INCENTIVES#MONETARY POLICY#FINANCIAL SERVICES#BORROWER#WAREHOUSE#DISASTER RECOVERY#DEPOSITS#DEMAND FOR CREDIT#CREDIT BANKS#FINANCING#PAYMENT OBLIGATIONS
The paper starts with an overview of
Cambodia’s rice sector, with a particular attention to
aspects which affect its need for external working capital
finance, and characteristics and constraints that could
hinder access to such finance (e.g., warehousing capacity,
processing constraints, logistics, and market risks).
Chapter two describes the general conditions for crop-based
financing in Cambodia’s rice sector. Chapter three discusses
policy options for enhancing the use of paddy and rice as
collateral for financing. The chapter sets out the two main
modalities: collateral management, and public warehousing.
Both collateral management and public warehousing work best
when certain support structures are in place, in particular
an indemnity system, a system for the electronic trading of
warehouse receipts, and a facility for refinancing warehouse
receipt loans (which could be managed by the Central Bank or
outsourced to another competent entity such as an investment
fund). These are discussed in separate sections. The various
sections describe the situation as currently prevails in
Cambodia...
Link permanente para citações:
‣ Kyrgyz Republic : Access to Financial Services Policy Note
Fonte: World Bank, Washington, DC
Publicador: World Bank, Washington, DC
Tipo: Economic & Sector Work :: Policy Note; Economic & Sector Work
Português
Relevância na Pesquisa
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#ACCESS TO CREDIT#ACCESS TO FINANCE#ACCESS TO FINANCIAL SERVICES#ACCESS TO FINANCING#ACCESS TO INFORMATION#ACCESS TO RESOURCES#ACCOUNTING#ACCOUNTING PRACTICES#ACCOUNTING STANDARDS#ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE#ADB
The purpose of this paper is to report
on the level of access to formal financial services in the
Kyrgyz Republic, assess the key obstacles to improving
access, and make recommendations to overcome these
obstacles. The paper is organized as follows. Sections II to
IV examine the supply of financial services. Specifically,
section II presents a profile of financial intermediation by
banks, focusing their supply of financial services,
particularly lending and deposits. Section III presents a
profile of lending by Aiyl Bank, a specialized bank with a
limited license, which is mandated to lend for agriculture.
Section IV presents a profile of lending by non-bank
financial institutions (NBFIs), including microfinance
organizations (MFOs) and credit unions. Section V examines
the demand side for financial services, drawing on
enterprise surveys to assess firms' perceptions of
their access to finance. Section VI presents a brief
analysis of the impact of the events of April 2010 on access
to finance. Section VII discusses key obstacles in
increasing access to finance from banks and NBFIs. Section
VIII concludes with policy recommendations that derive from
the preceding analysis.
Link permanente para citações:
‣ Assessing Firms' Financing Constraints in Brazil
Fonte: World Bank, Washington, DC
Publicador: World Bank, Washington, DC
Tipo: Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper; Publications & Research
Português
Relevância na Pesquisa
68.5266%
#ACCESS TO BANK#ACCESS TO CREDIT#ACCESS TO FINANCE#ACCESS TO FINANCIAL SERVICES#ACCESS TO FINANCING#ANTI-CREDITOR#APPLICATION PROCEDURES#ASYMMETRIC INFORMATION#AVAILABILITY OF COLLATERAL#BALANCE SHEET#BANK ACCOUNT
Firm surveys often indicate that firms
complain a lot about lack of access to financial services,
but financing constraints are difficult to identify, given
demand and supply considerations and with only surveys based
on firms' perceptions. Specifically, it is difficult to
separate demand for access to finance of viable firms with
good growth opportunities from that of firms that are not
creditworthy and should not deserve financing. In Brazil,
one of the main constraints to finance is related to the
high level of interest rates, which affects both bank
funding costs as well as bank intermediation spreads and, as
such, the cost of finance and hence the demand and supply of
bank financing. This paper analyzes a unique loan level data
set that covers almost a decade of monthly firm bank
information from credit registry information that is not
publicly available as well as two cross-sections of
Brazil's Investment Climate Assessment surveys in 2004
and 2008 that provide detailed information on firms'
micro characteristics as well as perceptions of credit. The
data allow identification of how firms'
characteristics...
Link permanente para citações:
‣ Informality among Formal Firms : Firm-level, Cross-country Evidence on tax Compliance and Access to Credit
Fonte: World Bank, Washington, DC
Publicador: World Bank, Washington, DC
Tipo: Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper; Publications & Research
Português
Relevância na Pesquisa
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#ABSENCE OF CORRUPTION#ACCESS TO CREDIT#ACCESS TO EXTERNAL FINANCE#ACCESS TO FINANCE#ACCESS TO FINANCING#ACCESS TO FORMAL CREDIT#ACCOUNTING#ASSET VALUE#BALANCE SHEETS#BANK COMPETITION#BANK FINANCING
The authors use firm-level, cross-county
data from Investment Climate surveys in 49 developing
countries to investigate an important channel through which
informality can affect productivity: access to credit and
external finance. Informality is measured as self-reported
lack of tax compliance in a sample of registered firms that
also answered questions on a large set of other
characteristics. The authors find that more tax compliance
is significantly associated with more access to credit both
in OLS and in country fixed effects estimates. In
particular, the link between credit and formality is
stronger in high-formality countries. This suggests that
firms' balance sheets are relatively more informative
for financial institutions in environments where signal
extraction is a less noisy process. The authors'
results are robust to the inclusion of a wide array of
correlates and to two-stage estimation.
Link permanente para citações:
‣ Ready for Growth : Solutions to Increase Access to Finance for Women-Owned Businesses in the Middle East and North Africa
Fonte: Washington, DC
Publicador: Washington, DC
Tipo: Publications & Research; Publications & Research :: Working Paper
Português
Relevância na Pesquisa
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#ACCESS TO CAPITAL#ACCESS TO FINANCE#ACCESS TO FINANCIAL SERVICES#ACCESS TO FINANCING#ACCESS TO INFORMATION#ACCESS TO SERVICES#ACCESS TO TRAINING#ADVANCEMENT OF WOMEN#ADVISORY SERVICES#ANGEL INVESTORS#APPROVAL PROCESS
The Middle East and North Africa (MENA)
region is at one of the most critical turning points in its
modern history. The Arab spring was driven by the desire for
economic opportunity and justice in the face of poverty and
unemployment. The development of strong economies that
enable both women and men to enhance their livelihoods is
crucial for the future of the region. The growth and success
of women-owned businesses is one of the most profound
changes in the business world today. There is no doubt that
women are an emerging market force. However, many
businesswomen are not accessing commercial credit, an
essential driver of business success. Lack of access to
finance and financial services is repeatedly identified as
the major constraint for women business owners. This report
'ready for growth: solutions to increase access to
finance for women-owned business in the Middle East and
North Africa', is designed to shed a light on those
barriers. It is the result of a unique International Finance
Corporation (IFC) partnership with vital voices and the
Middle East and North Africa Businesswomen's Network
(MENA BWN). Its purpose is to fill a critical gap in our
knowledge of what women-owned businesses need in terms of
financial products and services. Building on our knowledge
of how commercial banks currently reach the women's
market...
Link permanente para citações:
‣ Collateral Registries for Movable Assets : Does Their Introduction Spur Firms' Access to Bank Finance?
Fonte: World Bank, Washington, DC
Publicador: World Bank, Washington, DC
Tipo: Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper; Publications & Research
Português
Relevância na Pesquisa
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#ACCESS TO BANK#ACCESS TO CREDIT#ACCESS TO FINANCE#ACCESS TO FINANCING#ACCESS TO LOAN#ACCESS TO LOANS#ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE#ADVERSE SELECTION#ASYMMETRIC INFORMATION#AVAILABILITY OF COLLATERAL#BANK CREDIT
Using firm-level surveys for up to 73
countries, this paper explores the impact of introducing
collateral registries for movable assets on firms'
access to bank finance. It compares firms' access to
bank finance in seven countries that introduced collateral
registries for movable assets against three control groups:
firms in all countries that did not introduce a registry,
firms in a sample of countries matched by location and
income per capita to the countries that introduced
registries for movable assets, and firms in countries that
undertook other types of collateral reforms but did not set
up registries for movable assets. Overall, the analysis
finds that introducing collateral registries for movable
assets increases firms' access to bank finance. There
is also some evidence that this effect is larger among
smaller firms.
Link permanente para citações:
‣ OECS Private Sector Financing : Ridging the Supply-Demand Gap
Fonte: Washington, DC
Publicador: Washington, DC
Tipo: Economic & Sector Work :: Other Financial Sector Study; Economic & Sector Work
Português
Relevância na Pesquisa
68.35484%
#ACCESS TO CREDIT#ACCESS TO FINANCE#ACCESS TO FINANCING#ACCESS TO INFORMATION#AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS#ALTERNATIVE SOURCES OF FINANCE#ASSET QUALITY#BANK LENDING#BANK LOAN#BANK LOANS#BANKING SERVICES
The high levels of public debt and
persistent fiscal deficits limit Organization of Eastern
Caribbean States (OECS) governments' ability to pursue
counter-cyclical fiscal policies during future economic
downturns, leaving private investment as the key driver of
future growth. This study on private sector financing in the
OECS analyzes the issue of access to finance from three
different angles: the demand side; the supply side; and the
enabling environment. It is not possible to fully analyze
problems of access to finance without a broad approach.
Demand side, supply side and the enabling environment are
jointly analyzed in this study to identify key measures that
could be applied in order to improve the enabling
environment, create better opportunities for business growth
and innovation (diversification), and place financial sector
institutions in a position to provide finance, especially to
SMEs, in a sustainable way.
Link permanente para citações:
‣ Republic of Moldova Enterprise Access to Finance : Background Note; Moldova - Prioritati de politici pentru dezvoltarea sectorului privat
Fonte: Washington, DC
Publicador: Washington, DC
Tipo: Economic & Sector Work :: Development Policy Review (DPR); Economic & Sector Work
Português
Relevância na Pesquisa
78.2811%
#ACCESS TO CREDIT#ACCESS TO FINANCE#ACCESS TO FINANCIAL SERVICES#ACCESS TO FINANCING#ACCESS TO LOANS#ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLES#ADMINISTRATIVE BURDEN#ADVANCED ECONOMY#AFFORDABILITY#AGRICULTURAL SECTOR#ASYMMETRIC INFORMATION
The Government of Moldova is seeking to
change the country's development paradigm and build an
export-oriented economy characterized by investment,
innovation, and competitiveness, following a decade of
'jobless growth'. This report focuses on
improvements that will be needed to move Moldova to the next
stage of development as envisioned in the Moldova 2020
strategy; however, reforms over the past decade also deserve
acknowledgment. Improving the business environment is an
especially important task, given Moldova's low levels
of natural resources and small internal market. This study
aims to identify the most pressing problems in the business
environment that are adversely affecting Moldovan
companies' productivity and competitiveness, and to
present recommendations that would help remove these
obstacles. The analysis is based on a review of existing
reports; interviews with government officials, private
sector associations, a sample of businesses, and some
subject matter experts; as well as original research on
access to finance. This study has identified that the
following aspects of doing business are the most
problematic: customs administration; tax administration;
business regulation...
Link permanente para citações:
‣ Bringing Finance to Pakistan's Poor : Access to Finance for Small Enterprises and the Underserved
Fonte: Washington, DC: World Bank
Publicador: Washington, DC: World Bank
Tipo: Publications & Research :: Publication; Publications & Research
Português
Relevância na Pesquisa
88.25746%
#Finance#Access to Banking#Access to Finance#access to financial services#Access to Financing#access to formal finance#access to services#accessibility#account holders#agricultural banks#agricultural credit
Access to financing is now widely acknowledged as a path to meaningful economic inclusion and reduction in poverty. Policy efforts to increase access to finance in Pakistan have taken time to bear fruit, but now access is indeed expanding quickly in certain financial sectors (microfinance, remittances), albeit from a very low base. Nevertheless, policy measures cannot single-handedly increase financial access; financial institutions' willingness to expand access in Pakistan has been stinted by slow technologic advances, weak legal foundations, and unsuitable financial processes and products. Poor socioeconomic conditions, gender bias, and low levels of basic education and financial literacy remain barriers, but perhaps the single strongest driver of low demand for financial access has been income. The primary purpose of this study is to measure and describe the state of financial service provision to underserved segments of the market in Pakistan, particularly those with low incomes and small enterprises, and to identify ways to improve investment and create inclusive markets that meet the needs of underserved people and enterprises.
Link permanente para citações: