Neste trabalho é apresentado o resultado de estudo sobre a acidentalidade no transporte coletivo da cidade de São Carlos - Brasil, utilizando como fontes de informações os registros contidos em boletins de ocorrência de acidentes da polícia militar e em relatórios de ocorrências, elaborados pela empresa operadora do transporte coletivo, ambos relativos aos anos de 2005 e 2006. O método utilizado compreende as seguintes etapas: i) Coleta dos dados; ii) Processamento e sistematização dos dados; iii) Caracterização dos acidentes; iv) Análise das informações e preparação de diagnóstico; e, v) Elaboração de ações mitigadoras. O processamento e a sistematização dos dados foram realizados utilizando o Banco de Dados de Acidentes de Trânsito (BDAT) da cidade de São Carlos, ao passo que a caracterização foi realizada com foco na gravidade, tipologia, distribuição temporal e espacial dos acidentes. De forma a identificar os pontos, interseções, trechos e regiões críticas de ocorrência de acidentes de trânsito, utilizou-se um sistema de informação geográfica - SIG, aplicado à área de transportes. Como principais resultados obtiveram-se: i) maior ocorrência de acidentes que resultaram em danos materiais e de acidente do tipo colisão transversal; ii) acidentes que resultaram em vítimas não fatais ocorreram em maior número às sextas-feiras e os que resultaram em vítimas fatais aos finais de semana; iii) os acidentes encontraram-se espalhados por toda a cidade...

Neste trabalho é proposto um método de levantamento e sistematização de dados que são relevantes para a investigação da relação de acidentes em uma rodovia com algumas características físicas básicas como raio das curvas horizontais e verticais, declividade e comprimento de rampas. Para restituição da geometria é proposta a utilização do sistema GPS no modo cinemático, modo este que apresenta uma série de vantagens sobre os instrumentos clássicos de topografia. Com objetivo de definir os locais de início e fim das retas, rampas e curvas, tanto horizontais como verticais, foi elaborado um método baseado na derivada dos dados levantados com o GPS. O processo de separação proposto foi testado com dados coletados ao longo de 32 km de uma rodovia. Da mesma forma, o método foi validado com dados teóricos de exemplos simulados, dados do projeto executivo da mesma rodovia e com dados coletados com uma Estação Total em um trecho de 3 km. Todas as validações mostraram uma boa aderência do método com relação aos dados originais. Aos dados da geometria foram incorporados os dados de acidentes em um SIG utilizando software TRANSCAD 1 . Os dados de acidentes foram armazenados através de um programa em ACCESS desenvolvido por alunos de graduação da EESC. Com todas as informações disponíveis foi possível verificar que existe uma forte relação entre a geometria da rodovia e os acidentes envolvendo veículos de carga em trechos de baixa velocidade...

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES); Pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva - FMB; Estudar as análises dos acidentes do trabalho em prensas realizadas por Auditores Fiscais do Trabalho e armazenadas no banco de dados do Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego (MTE). Conhecer os fatores causais dos acidentes com prensas analisados pela auditoria fiscal do trabalho, visando subsidiar medidas para a prevenção de acidentes e estudar as referidas análises, buscando contribuir para o aperfeiçoamento do sistema de informações de análises de acidentes do MTE. As informações das análises de acidentes com prensas armazenadas no banco de dados do MTE foram tratadas e estudadas, possibilitando que os fatores causais inseridos pelos analistas fossem identificados. Ademais, as descrições dos respectivos acidentes foram analisadas, permitindo ao autor reclassificar os fatores causais e compará-los com aqueles inseridos pelos auditores no sistema. Foram estudadas 148 análises armazenadas no banco de dados do MTE no Brasil, sendo 71 no Estado de São Paulo, no período de 2001 a 2006. A média de fatores causais por análise em São Paulo foi de 3,73 e nos demais Estados foi de 5,35. Nas análises realizadas no Estado de São Paulo e nos demais Estados...

OBJECTIVE: To assess the usefulness of a centralised injury database in monitoring progress towards nationally set health targets for the reduction of childhood injuries. SETTING: West Glamorgan County, Wales. METHODS: Analysis was undertaken of data held in the West Glamorgan injury database which amalgamates population data with data from the three hospital units covering a population of 370,000. All first attendances due to a new injury in children aged 0-14 occurring in 1993 were analysed, with subgroup analysis for injuries occurring in the home and injuries resulting in fractures. Standardised injury ratios were compared with the distance travelled, car ownership, and Townsend index of deprivation at the ward level, using multiple linear regression. RESULTS: A total of 10,117 first time visits due to injuries were recorded, representing a rate of 182 injuries/1000 children aged 0-14 in West Glamorgan County. Distance from home to the accident and emergency departments was inversely correlated with total injury attendances, and injuries occurring at home, but not with injuries resulting in fractures. Visit rates for any type of injury were not associated with local car ownership rates or deprivation indices. CONCLUSIONS: Proximity to accident and emergency departments is a strong determinant of the use of the service by children with overall injuries...

Results of all available meteorological and radiation measurements that were performed in Belarus during the first three months after the Chernobyl accident were collected from various sources and incorporated into a single database. Meteorological information such as precipitation, wind speed and direction, and temperature in localities were obtained from meteorological station facilities. Radiation measurements include gamma-exposure rate in air, daily fallout, concentration of different radionuclides in soil, grass, cow’s milk and water as well as total beta-activity in cow’s milk. Considerable efforts were made to evaluate the reliability of the measurements that were collected. The electronic database can be searched according to type of measurement, date, and location. The main purpose of the database is to provide reliable data that can be used in the reconstruction of thyroid doses resulting from the Chernobyl accident.

As congestion management strategies begin to put more emphasis on person trips than vehicle trips, the need for vehicle occupancy data has become more critical. The traditional methods of collecting these data include the roadside windshield method and the carousel method. These methods are labor-intensive and expensive. An alternative to these traditional methods is to make use of the vehicle occupancy information in traffic accident records. This method is cost effective and may provide better spatial and temporal coverage than the traditional methods. However, this method is subject to potential biases resulting from under- and over-involvement of certain population sectors and certain types of accidents in traffic accident records. ^ In this dissertation, three such potential biases, i.e., accident severity, driver’s age, and driver’s gender, were investigated and the corresponding bias factors were developed as needed. The results show that although multi-occupant vehicles are involved in higher percentages of severe accidents than are single-occupant vehicles, multi-occupant vehicles in the whole accident vehicle population were not overrepresented in the accident database. On the other hand, a significant difference was found between the distributions of the ages and genders of drivers involved in accidents and those of the general driving population. ^ An information system that incorporates adjustments for the potential biases was developed to estimate the average vehicle occupancies (AVOs) for different types of roadways on the Florida state roadway system. A reasonableness check of the results from the system shows AVO estimates that are highly consistent with expectations. In addition...

As congestion management strategies begin to put more emphasis on person trips than vehicle trips, the need for vehicle occupancy data has become more critical. The traditional methods of collecting these data include the roadside windshield method and the carousel method. These methods are labor-intensive and expensive. An alternative to these traditional methods is to make use of the vehicle occupancy information in traffic accident records. This method is cost effective and may provide better spatial and temporal coverage than the traditional methods. However, this method is subject to potential biases resulting from under- and over-involvement of certain population sectors and certain types of accidents in traffic accident records. In this dissertation, three such potential biases, i.e., accident severity, driver¡¯s age, and driver¡¯s gender, were investigated and the corresponding bias factors were developed as needed. The results show that although multi-occupant vehicles are involved in higher percentages of severe accidents than are single-occupant vehicles, multi-occupant vehicles in the whole accident vehicle population were not overrepresented in the accident database. On the other hand, a significant difference was found between the distributions of the ages and genders of drivers involved in accidents and those of the general driving population. An information system that incorporates adjustments for the potential biases was developed to estimate the average vehicle occupancies (AVOs) for different types of roadways on the Florida state roadway system. A reasonableness check of the results from the system shows AVO estimates that are highly consistent with expectations. In addition...

Datasets employed. In-depth at-scene investigations of motor vehicle road crashes in the Adelaide Metropolitan Area were conducted in the period April 2002 to October 2005. The database from that study is used to throw light upon pedestrian and pedal cyclist crashes. The database of routinely-reported crashes is also utilised in respect of pedestrian and cyclist fatalities. Results. As pedestrian casualties are more numerous than cyclist casualties, the majority of results concern the former. In the 81 cases in the in-depth series, many different types of pedestrian accident can be identified. Of the 40 pedestrian fatalities in 2003-2006, 29 fell into at least one of the following three categories: at night, pedestrian was drunk, or pedestrian was elderly. Two points to note about this contrast between the two series are that (1) the in-depth study concentrated on crashes in normal working hours, and thus nighttime crashes are underrepresented, and consequently so is drunkenness, and (2) it is an open question whether there really are only three types of central story that cover the majority of pedestrian fatalities, or whether this finding is a consequence of the lack of detail in routine police data. Countermeasures. Taking the several series of crashes together...

Diese Arbeit untersucht präklinische und klinische Aspekte bei Verkehrsunfallopfern. Im Rahmen des Qualitätsmanagements werden die Behandlungsergebnisse von in den Schockraum eingelieferten Patienten ermittelt und mit früheren Untersuchungen an der UKT und anderen Kliniken verglichen. Unter Berücksichtigung der zunehmenden Gurtnutzung, der serienmäßigen Pkw-Ausstat¬tung mit Airbag und ABS-Bremssystemen sowie Stabilisierungsprogrammen lassen sich Veränderungen von Verletzungsschwere, Verletzungsmustern und Outcome der verunfallten Fahrzeug¬insassen aufzeigen. Diese Studie erfasst retrospektiv insgesamt 834 Patienten, welche in den Jahren 2002 und 2003 in den Schockraum der Chirurgischen UKT eingeliefert wurden. Davon wurden 65 Pkw-Unfälle, in 20 Fällen auch unter Einsichtnahme der polizeilichen Unfalldokumentation, genauer aus¬gewertet. In 13 Fällen wurden kasuistisch Unfallhergang, Verletzungsschutz durch Sicherheitsgurt und Airbag, präklinische Versorgung und klinische Behandlung dargestellt. In den Monaten Mai bis Juli verunfallten im Jahresverlauf die meisten Menschen. Durchschnittlich wurden 35 Patienten pro Monat in den Schockraum eingeliefert (Max.: 56, Juli 2002 / Min.: 20, Januar 2003). An Freitagen und Samstagen sowie am späten Nachmittag (16-18 Uhr) fanden sich erhöhte Patientenzahlen. Mit 67% gegenüber 33% waren ca. zwei Drittel männliche Verletzte. Das Durch¬schnittsalter für 2002 betrug 39 (Max.: 91...

This paper presents a method designed to identify underlying causes leading to industrial accidents. The method developed intends to facilitate the learning process from accidents by identifying possible causes related to the accidents that were not directly stated in an accident report, but that can be deduced following the description of the event, in particular with regard to the quality of the safety management systems in place at the industrial establishment at the time of the accident. The method has been prepared following a sequential approach, although a combination of the philosophy behind other existing accident models has been taken into consideration. The starting point to develop the model is the causes for accidents included in the MARS database of the European Commission. These causes have been extended by considering typical operational or organisational failures that are normally related to the original reported cause. The extension of causes has been performed by adding three follow-on levels of possible underlying causes. The first level could be considered as a direct cause of the accident and, the last level being more applicable to the foundation of establishing safety: "Safety Management System or the Safety Culture". In order to check the applicability of the method developed...

The Hydrogen Incident and Accident Database (HIAD) is being developed as a repository of systematic data describing in detail hydrogen-related undesired events (incidents or accidents). It is an open web-based information system serving various purposes such as a data source for risk assessments, lessons learned and risk communication. The paper describes the features of the three HIAD modules - the Data Entry Module (DEM), the Data Retrieval Module (DRM) and the Data Analysis Module (DAM) - and the potential impact the database may have on hydrogen safety. The importance of the quality assurance process is also addressed.; JRC.F.2-Cleaner energy

The Hydrogen Incident and Accident Database (HIAD) is being developed as a repository of systematic data describing in detail hydrogen-related undesired events (incidents or accidents). It is an open web-based information system serving various purposes such as a data source for lessons learnt, risk communication and partly risk assessment. The paper describes the features of the three HIAD modules e the Data Entry Module (DEM), the Data Retrieval Module (DRM) and the Data Analysis Module (DAM) e and the potential impact the database may have on hydrogen safety. The importance of data quality assurance process is also addressed.; JRC.F.2-Cleaner energy

The experimental data recorded in Integral Effect Test Facilities (ITFs) are traditionally used in order to validate Best Estimate (BE) system codes and to investigate the behaviour of Nuclear Power Plants (NPP) under accident scenarios. In the same way, facilities dedicated to specific thermal-hydraulic Severe Accident (SA) phenomena are used for the development and improvement of specific analytical models and codes used in the SA analysis for Light Water Reactors (LWR). The Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra site, of the European Commission (EC) carried out important projects since the 70’s for the production of reactor safety experimental data. The LOBI was a reactor thermalhydraulic safety research programme (1970-1994) that produced a lot of ITF experimental data for a range of PWR operational and accident conditions. In the area of SA, the FARO, KROTOS facilities (1991-2000) simulated Melt Fuel Coolant Interaction (MFCI) phenomena, considering either in-vessel (quenching) and ex-vessel (spreading) experiments and potential situations for steam explosions. The STORM facility simulated experiments in the area of Aerosol Transport. Experimental data mentioned above were stored in the STRESA (Storage of Thermal REactor Safety Analysis Data) database developed by the JRC Ispra site. At present the JRC STRESA database is hosted and maintained by JRC Petten site. The paper presents these past activities on the production of experimental data and its storage in the JRC STRESA database in order to further disseminate...

The experimental data recorded in Integral Effect Test Facilities (ITFs) are traditionally used in order to validate Best Estimate (BE) system codes and to investigate the behaviour of Nuclear Power Plants (NPP) under accident scenarios. In the same way, facilities dedicated to specific thermalhydraulic (TH) Severe Accident (SA) phenomena are used for the development and improvement of specific analytical models and codes used in the SA analysis for Light Water Reactors (LWR). The extent to which the existing reactor safety experimental databases are preserved was well known and frequently debated and questioned in the nuclear community. The Joint Research Centre (JRC) of the European Commission (EC) has been deeply involved in several projects for experimental data production and experimental data preservation. In the area of ITFs the JRC LOBI facility and its project produced data of 70 experiments simulating different accidents and transients in PWR. The JRC was engaged during decades in relevant SA experimental projects: The FARO, KROTOS facilities simulated Melt Fuel Coolant Interaction (MFCI) phenomena, considering either in-vessel (quenching) and ex-vessel (spreading) experiments and potential situations for steam explosions. The STORM facility simulated experiments in the area of aerosol transport. The STRESA (Storage of Thermal REactor Safety Analysis Data) web-based informatics platform was developed by JRC-Ispra with the main objective to disseminate documents and experimental data from large in-house JRC scientific projects...

The disaster following the explosion on drilling rig Deepwater Horizon, in the Gulf of Mexico in 2010, dramatically demonstrated that offshore extraction and exploitation of hydrocarbons is not without risks. Accidents can occur, often with devastating consequences to human lives, expensive extraction equipment, the sea and coastal environment and ecosystem, coastal economies and interruption – or delay – of energy supply. In order for offshore oil and gas operations to become safer, lessons from the analysis of past accidents need to be identified and shared. This report investigates sources of information on offshore accidents, identifies lessons to be learned from “landmark” accidents and how they fit the risk management chain, and performs statistical analysis based on the content of a commercial accident database.; JRC.F.3-Energy security

This paper describes the need for and objectives of the European Hydrogen Incident and Accident Database (HIAD), as currently developed by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (Institut for Energy) and DNV. Background, design principles and operating regime are described, resulting in a conceptually new and innovative event database approach, representing not a standard industrial accident database tool but a collaborative and communicative process in the form of a web-based Information System to promote safety actions taken by industrial and other partners as a consequence of hydrogen related incidents and accidents. HIAD is expected to be fully operable by September 2006.; JRC.F.4-Nuclear design safety

This report summarizes the findings of a long and meticulous journey of data gathering and analysis to quantify the health losses from road deaths and injuries worldwide, as part of the path-finding Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. It is important, first, to acknowledge the profound contribution made by the lead authors and global team of injury prevention professionals to estimate the disease burden of road trauma, before absorbing their findings and recommendations. Without their dedication and tenacity, the way forward would be less certain. The first GBD study, published nearly two decades ago, signaled an emerging road safety crisis in developing regions of the world. It triggered a remarkable program of global advocacy that culminated in the United Nations decade of action for road safety and global plan to bring road safety outcomes under control in these regions by 2020. However, limited investment has been mobilized so far to implement the UN initiative. The second GBD studies, and related analyses presented in this report...

Road traffic injuries are a major but neglected global public health problem. Worldwide, the number of people killed in road traffic accidents each year is estimated at almost 1.2 million, while the number injured could be as high as 50 million. Without increased efforts and new initiatives, the total number of road traffic injuries and fatalities worldwide is forecast to rise by 65 percent between 2000 and 2020, while in low and middle-income countries, road traffic fatalities are expected to increase by as much as 80 percent over the same period. In 2002, road traffic injuries were the ninth leading cause of years lost worldwide, equal to 2.6 percent of the global burden of disease. On current trends, by 2020, road traffic injuries are likely to be the third leading cause of years lost. Part one of this reports presents the achievements of the Chinese Government in the last five years and the challenges it faces. Part two reviews the World Bank's experience with road safety in China over the last 20 years and summarizes the legacy of its efforts and the lessons learned. Finally...

Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia Mecânica (área de especialização em Energia e Ambiente); O processo de reconstituição de acidentes pode ser complexo, existem vários estudos e metodologias que permitem analisar a colisão e reconstruir o acidente. O CRASH3 é uma destas metodologias, para análise de colisões rodoviárias. O programa é composto por dois métodos distintos e independentes, análise da trajetória e análise de danos. A análise de danos é a parte no qual a dissertação se foca. O que se pretende é criar uma base de dados com informações tiradas dos crash tests, e introduzir esta informação num programa existente e a atualizar. O programa permite uma análise ao veículo automóvel acidentado através do cálculo da energia dissipada aquando da colisão. O modelo CRASH3 original tem um conjunto de coeficientes genéricos (diferentes para cada zona do carro, frente, lado e traseira), para os quais os veículos são agrupados em classes e é atribuindo o respetivo coeficiente para cada classe. O que se pretende fazer é determinar os coeficientes para cada modelo de veículo existente, melhorando a precisão do programa. Os parâmetros fundamentais que permitem que tal aconteça são os coeficientes de rigidez A e B...

The use of Bayesian techniques for the identification of accident-prone road sections has become very important in recent years. The objective of this investigation consisted of identifying accident-prone road sections in the Municipality of Ocaña (Colombia) using the Bayesian Method (BM); the modeling approach developed involved the creation of a database of accidents that occurred between the years 2007 (January) and 2013 (August) and the application of the methodology on 15 sections of urban road. The final analyses show that the BM is an original and fast tool that is easily implemented, it provides results in which 4 accident-prone or dangerous road sections were identified and ranked them in order of danger, establishing a danger ranking that provides a prioritization for investments and the implementation of preventive and/or corrective policies that will maximize benefits associated with road safety.