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- Washington, DC
- Washington, DC: World Bank
- World Bank, Washington, DC
- Washington, DC: World Bank
- World Bank
- Edmonton: Premier's Advisory Council on Health
- Universidad Militar Nueva Granada; Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Especialización en Gerencia en Comercio Internacional
- AIS Electronic Library (AISeL)
- London School of Economics and Political Science Thesis
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‣ INGENS - Income Generation through Energy and Complementary Services : Status Report
Fonte: Washington, DC
Publicador: Washington, DC
Português
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#ACCESS CONTROL#ACCESS TO CREDIT#ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY#ACCESS TO FINANCE#ACCESS TO FINANCIAL SERVICES#ACCESS TO GRID ELECTRICITY#ACCESS TO LIGHTING#ACCESS TO MARKETS#ACCESS TO MICRO-FINANCE#ACCESS TO MODERN ENERGY#ACCESS TO SERVICE
This is an internal status report to
ESMAP and Gesellschaft fur Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ)
which summarizes their ongoing work under a joint energy
study entitled INGENS - Income Generation through Energy
and. Complementary Services. INGENS has proposed (and
started to test) a pragmatic, low-cost approach to improve
impact evaluation for future electrification programs: a
simple Add-on Electricity Impact Evaluation Instrument
(AddIE) for the specific case of firm level productivity
which shall be applicable to a broad range of
electrification programs (EP), and cost well under US$100k
per EP. This tool allows EP managers to move from simple
monitoring and reporting of numerical targets achieved to
evaluation of the (pro-poor) impact achieved among an
important segment of the target group. Five countries were
studied: Benin, Ghana, Nigeria, Uganda, and South Africa.
This report discusses the overall results of the studies and
lessons learned. Finally, it presents next steps and a
funding request. There are five annexes at the end of the
report...
Link permanente para citações:
‣ IFC Annual Report 2012 : Innovation, Influence, Demonstration, Volume 3. Financials and Projects
Fonte: Washington, DC: World Bank
Publicador: Washington, DC: World Bank
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#consolidated financial statements#financial performance#investment products#investment services#advisory services#investment program#commitments#disbursements#portfolio#lending#equity investments
This annual report of the International
Finance Corporation (IFC) summarizes the innovation and
leadership roles in the private sector during fiscal year
2012. The IFC invested a record $20.4 billion in 103
developing countries, reflecting a doubling of annual
commitments over the last five years. Those investments
included nearly $5 billion mobilized from other investors,
and an investment for Sub-Saharan Africa totaling $2.7
billion, nearly twice as much as five years ago. The
advisory services program expenditures grew to $197 million,
up more than 50 percent over the last five years. Advisory
services also helped 33 client governments introduce 56
investment-climate reforms that will improve access to basic
services for more than 16 million people. IFC investment
clients helped support 2.5 million jobs in 2011 and made 23
million loans totaling more than $200 billion to micro,
small, and medium enterprises. Net income before grants to
the International Development Association (IDA) totaled
$1.66 billion. The IFC has invested more than $23 billion in
IDA countries...
Link permanente para citações:
‣ IFC Annual Report 2012 : Innovation, Influence, Demonstration, Volume 2. Results
Fonte: Washington, DC: World Bank
Publicador: Washington, DC: World Bank
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#scorecard#expertise#standards#development results#governance#accountability#partnerships#managing risk#stakeholder review#financial summary#investment
This annual report of the International
Finance Corporation (IFC) summarizes the innovation and
leadership roles in the private sector during fiscal year
2012. The IFC invested a record $20.4 billion in 103
developing countries, reflecting a doubling of annual
commitments over the last five years. Those investments
included nearly $5 billion mobilized from other investors,
and an investment for Sub-Saharan Africa totaling $2.7
billion, nearly twice as much as five years ago. The
advisory services program expenditures grew to $197 million,
up more than 50 percent over the last five years. Advisory
services also helped 33 client governments introduce 56
investment-climate reforms that will improve access to basic
services for more than 16 million people. IFC investment
clients helped support 2.5 million jobs in 2011 and made 23
million loans totaling more than $200 billion to micro,
small, and medium enterprises. Net income before grants to
the International Development Association (IDA) totaled
$1.66 billion. The IFC has invested more than $23 billion in
IDA countries...
Link permanente para citações:
‣ Financial Sector Assessment Program : Malawi - Access to Financial Services
Fonte: World Bank, Washington, DC
Publicador: World Bank, Washington, DC
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#ACCESS BARRIERS#ACCESS TO CREDIT#ACCESS TO FINANCE#ACCESS TO FINANCIAL SERVICES#ACCOUNTING#ACCURATE INFORMATION#ADVISORY SERVICES#AFFORDABILITY#AFFORDABLE PRICE#AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS#ANTI-MONEY LAUNDERING
This technical note the Malawi 2007
Financial Sector Assessment Program (FSAP) reviews the
current challenges of increasing access to financial
services in Malawi. After a cursory assessment of the state
of the financial sector in chapter one, it summarizes the
key challenges of rural financial sector development
(chapter two); then discusses the opportunities that
branchless banking technology offers (chapter three), the
options for strengthening the financial infrastructure
(chapter four) and the role of government in increasing
access (chapter five). It concludes with recommendations on
how authorities may seek to realize these opportunities
(chapter six).
Link permanente para citações:
‣ IFC Annual Report 2012 : Innovation, Influence, Demonstration, Volume 1. Impact
Fonte: Washington, DC: World Bank
Publicador: Washington, DC: World Bank
Português
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#innovation#growth#impact#poverty eradication#development finance#short-term finance#investment#infrastructure#climate change#food security#small and medium enterprises
This annual report of the International Finance Corporation (IFC) summarizes the innovation and leadership roles in the private sector during fiscal year 2012. The IFC invested a record $20.4 billion in 103 developing countries, reflecting a doubling of annual commitments over the last five years. Those investments included nearly $5 billion mobilized from other investors, and an investment for Sub-Saharan Africa totaling $2.7 billion, nearly twice as much as five years ago. The advisory services program expenditures grew to $197 million, up more than 50 percent over the last five years. Advisory services also helped 33 client governments introduce 56 investment-climate reforms that will improve access to basic services for more than 16 million people. IFC investment clients helped support 2.5 million jobs in 2011 and made 23 million loans totaling more than $200 billion to micro, small, and medium enterprises. Net income before grants to the International Development Association (IDA) totaled $1.66 billion. The IFC has invested more than $23 billion in IDA countries, nearly $6 billion of it in fiscal year 2012 alone.
Link permanente para citações:
‣ Impact Evaluation of Business License Simplification in Peru : An Independent Assessment of an International Finance Corporation-Supported Project
Fonte: Washington, DC: World Bank
Publicador: Washington, DC: World Bank
Tipo: Publications & Research :: Publication; Publications & Research :: Publication
Português
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#ACCESS TO CREDIT#ACCESS TO FINANCING#ACCOUNTABILITY#ACCOUNTING#ADMINISTRATIVE PROCESS#ADVERTISING#ADVISORY SERVICE#ADVISORY SERVICES#APPLICATION PROCESS#BANK ACCOUNTS#BARRIERS TO BUSINESS GROWTH
This evaluation assesses the impact of
International Finance Corporation's (IFC's)
Business License Simplification Project in the municipality
of Lima, Peru. It reviews two previous evaluations sponsored
by IFC and adds new evidence. Under the project, IFC's
Foreign Investment Advisory Services (FIAS) worked with the
municipality of Lima to reform the administrative process
for obtaining a business license in Cercado de Lima, one of
44 districts that comprise metropolitan Lima. According to
the municipality, 64 percent of the businesses in this
district lacked a business license in 2005, and most of them
were microenterprises. The project was implemented from
January 2005 to March 2007. The present evaluation conducted
an independent review of both previous studies, collected
additional data, verified the previous findings, and placed
the findings in the context of related studies and
evaluations. The goal was to take stock of the results,
collect and use other evidence, and draw lessons for future
IFC and World Bank operations. This chapter describes and
compares the divergent evidence on which procedures were
simplified by the license reform and by how much. A second
chapter reviews existing evaluations and previous relevant
findings from other countries; a third replicates and
extends the regression evidence on the impact of license
reform on critical business outcomes...
Link permanente para citações:
‣ Georgia : Agricultural and Rural Enterprise Development
Fonte: Washington, DC
Publicador: Washington, DC
Tipo: Economic & Sector Work :: Country Economic Memorandum; Economic & Sector Work
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#ACCESS TO CREDIT#ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY#ACCOUNTABILITY#ACCREDITATION#ADVISORY SERVICES#AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT#AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT#AGRICULTURAL LAND#AGRICULTURAL MECHANIZATION#AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT#AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE
The report is structured as follows.
Section one examines the contribution of the rural economy
to the national economy, the structure of the farm and
non-farm sectors and their relative importance. Section two
describes policies and constraints affecting the wider rural
economy including, reforms in macro-economic management,
recent external influences and financial services before
discussing those which relate specifically to agriculture
including, agricultural trade policy, land reform,
agricultural machinery services , irrigation and drainage,
seeds, sanitary and phytosanitary control and veterinary
services, marketing and advisory services. Section three
assesses the outcomes of these policies on the structure and
performance of the rural economy. Section four describes the
extent to which policy makers should prioritize the farm and
non-farm sectors in rural areas and then presents
recommendations for reform. While it is recognized that
rural infrastructure (roads, potable water, and energy) and
rural social services have a major impact on the rural
economy...
Link permanente para citações:
‣ Agricultural Advisory Services
Fonte: Washington, DC: World Bank
Publicador: Washington, DC: World Bank
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Agricultural advisory (extension) services are a vital element of the array of market and non-market entities and agents that provide critical flows of information that can improve farmers' and other rural peoples' welfare. After a period of neglect, agricultural advisory services have returned strongly to the international development agenda. Apart from their conventional function of providing knowledge for improved agricultural productivity, agricultural advisory services are expected to fulfill a variety of new functions, such as linking smallholder farmers to high-value and export markets, promoting environmentally sustainable production techniques, and coping with the effects of HIV/AIDS and other health challenges that affect agriculture.
Link permanente para citações:
‣ World Bank Group Impact Evaluations : Relevance and Effectiveness
Fonte: Washington, DC: World Bank
Publicador: Washington, DC: World Bank
Tipo: Publications & Research :: Publication; Publications & Research :: Publication
Português
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#ACCESS TO FINANCE#ACCESS TO INFORMATION#ACCOUNTABILITY#ADVISORY SERVICE#ADVISORY SERVICES#BANK LENDING#BANK MANAGEMENT#BENEFICIARIES#BORROWER#BUSINESS ADVISORY#BUSINESS TRAINING
The use of impact evaluations (IEs) to
assess the causal impacts of development projects has
expanded rapidly. Along with major innovations in
statistical methods and econometrics, the recent impetus in
IE has its roots in the debate about whether development
programs achieve their objectives of reducing poverty and
increasing economic growth. The renewed focus on results and
the increasing calls for sound evidence on effectiveness
have led to expectations that IE may help build the
knowledge base of what does and does not work in development
and where resources may be best allocated. Between 2004 and
2008, the number of Bank Group supported evaluations
increased sevenfold. This increase is partly attributable to
major IE initiatives at the World Bank, including the
Development Impact Evaluation Initiative (DIME), the Africa
Impact Evaluation Initiative, the Spanish Trust Fund for
Impact Evaluation (SIEF), and efforts by the International
Finance Corporation's (IFC) Advisory Services Results
Measurement Unit (RMU). This sizable investment in IEs...
Link permanente para citações:
‣ Two Are Better Than One : Leveraging Resources across Advisory Business Lines
Fonte: World Bank, Washington, DC
Publicador: World Bank, Washington, DC
Tipo: Publications & Research :: Brief; Publications & Research
Português
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#ACCESS TO FINANCE#ADVISORY SERVICES#BANKS#BUSINESS ENABLING#BUSINESS ENABLING ENVIRONMENT#CENTRAL BANK#CONSUMERS#COUNTERPART#COUNTERPARTS#CREDIT ANALYSIS#CREDIT BUREAU
In 2008, Uzbekistan significantly
improved its rank in the doing business 'getting
credit" indicator, moving up 38 positions from the
previous year, and by July a draft law titled, 'On
Sharing Credit Information," which meets best
international standards, was developed by a six-member
working group, including International Finance Corporation
(IFC) staff and two regulators from the Central Bank of
Uzbekistan (CBU). Pending the draft law's passage by
the Parliament of Uzbekistan, this major achievement will
significantly improve the still-developing regulatory
environment in this sphere. These results were achieved
thanks to a common approach and efforts of two IFC advisory
services projects: the Uzbekistan Business Enabling
Environment Project (UzBEE) and the Azerbaijan Central Asia
Leasing Facility (ACALF) Project. In this smart lesson, the
authors describe experience in carrying out joint activities
between two different IFC projects and the lessons learned
for how to assure successful cross-project collaboration by
building an enthusiastic team and assigning clear objectives
to individuals.
Link permanente para citações:
‣ IFC in Nigeria : An Independent Country Impact Review
Fonte: Washington, DC
Publicador: Washington, DC
Tipo: Publications & Research :: Brief; Publications & Research
Português
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#ACCESS TO FINANCE#ADMINISTRATIVE BARRIERS#ADVISORY SERVICE#ADVISORY SERVICES#BANK#BOND MARKET#CAPACITY BUILDING#CONSTRAINTS#COOPERATION#CORRUPTION#DEPENDENCE
Independent Evaluation Group's
(IEG's) country impact review (the report) examines if,
from July 1998 through December 2007, International Finance
Corporation (IFC): (i) successfully defined a relevant and
appropriate strategy for helping Nigeria tackle its most
pressing needs; (ii) provided investment and advisory
services that were reflective of IFC's strategy; and
(iii) achieved positive development results. IFC's
strategies in Nigeria reflected the characteristics of
IFC's process for development of country strategies
jointly with the World Bank. These characteristics include:
(i) poor integration with IFC's main strategy and
budget process; (ii) loosely formulated country objectives
and priorities in terms of sectors and products; and (iii)
little or no resource allocation. As a result, IFC's
strategies for Nigeria have not fulfilled their purpose of
setting priorities, defining targets, and securing the
human, organizational, and other resources required.
Link permanente para citações:
‣ SME Solutions Center—Kenya : Developing Alternative Financing Solutions for Small and Medium Enterprises
Fonte: World Bank, Washington, DC
Publicador: World Bank, Washington, DC
Tipo: Publications & Research :: Brief; Publications & Research
Português
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#ACCESS TO FINANCE#ACCESS TO RESOURCES#ACCESS TO SERVICES#ADVISORY SERVICES#ALTERNATIVE FINANCING#APPROVAL RATE#BANK LOANS#BANKING SECTOR#BANKS#BENEFICIARY#BUSINESS ASSOCIATIONS
Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in
Africa have been hailed as the engine of economic growth.
They are at the heart of developing countries'
entrepreneurship, the source of most new employment and
productive investment, and the basis for growth and poverty
reduction. Despite the economic potential of SMEs, they face
severe constraints related to access to resources, finance,
and services, as well as procedural barriers all of which
limit their potential to invest, innovate, and improve
productivity and sustainability. To address these
constraints, International Finance Corporation (IFC)
developed the SME Solutions Centre (SSC) Pilot Program in
Kenya. The SSC value proposition centers on four key
pillars: access to finance, access to advisory
services/technical assistance (now SME management
solutions), access to reliable market information, and
support for an enhanced business enabling environment. This
smart lesson details the lessons learned from the SSC's
experience with the access to finance pillar.
Link permanente para citações:
‣ Czech Republic : Report on Vision and Strategy for an Integrated Revenue Administration
Fonte: World Bank
Publicador: World Bank
Tipo: Economic & Sector Work :: Other Poverty Study
Português
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#ACCOUNTABILITY#ACCOUNTING#ADMINISTRATIVE BURDEN#ADMINISTRATIVE BURDENS#ADMINISTRATIVE COST#ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS#ADMINISTRATIVE DATA#ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT#ADMINISTRATIVE SYSTEMS#ADVERTISEMENTS#ADVISORY SERVICE
This report is a result of the mission
of the World Bank to the Czech Republic during November 17
to 27, 2008 for providing advisory service to the Government
of the Czech Republic for the design and development of a
modern, integrated revenue authority. Earlier, between
February and April 2008, a World Bank mission had reviewed
the draft merger plan prepared by the Ministry of Finance of
the Czech Republic in January 2008 and examined the key
issues for the merger of tax and customs administrations and
the integration of the collection, enforcement and audit
functions of social contributions. The preliminary findings
of the World Bank are contained in the 'report on an
integrated revenue administration' in two volumes which
was disseminated in June 2008. This mission in November 2008
is the first in a series of missions over the next eighteen
months for providing the advisory services as requested to
the Government of the Czech Republic. During this first
mission, the Bank has worked with the Czech counterparts to
develop for the new Jednotni Inkasni Misto (JIM): (i) an
integrated vision and key concepts (ii) major objectives and
key elements of reform; (iii) a comprehensive strategy for
reform of the organizational structure...
Link permanente para citações:
‣ IFC Annual Report 2010 : Where Innovation Meets Impact, Volume 1. Main Report; Rapport annuel d'IFC 2010 : lieu de renconte entre innovation et impact Relatorio anual da IFC 2010 : quando a inovacao encontra o impacto Informe anual de IFC 2010 : donde la innovacion produce un impacto
Fonte: Washington, DC: World Bank
Publicador: Washington, DC: World Bank
Tipo: Publications & Research :: World Bank Annual Report; Publications & Research :: Publication
Português
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#ACCESS TO FINANCE#ACCESS TO FINANCIAL SERVICES#ACCESS TO FINANCING#ACCESS TO INSURANCE#ACCESS TO MARKETS#ACCESS TO TRAINING#ACCOUNTING#ADVANCED ECONOMIES#ADVISORY SERVICES#ADVISORY WORK#AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES
More than 200 million people in the
developing world were out of work this year. Over 1 billion
are hungry, while millions more are confronting the threat
that climate change poses. The United Nations estimates that
884 million people don't have safe drinking water and
more than 2.6 billion people lack basic sanitation. The
population of the developing world will expand by a third
over the next four decades, growth that will strain already
weak infrastructure. In this environment, International
Finance Corporation (IFC) is innovating to create
opportunity where it's needed most. IFC committed a
record $18 billion in fiscal year 2010, $12.7 billion of
which was for own account. We invested in 528 projects, an
18 percent increase from FY09. Advisory Services portfolio
comprised 736 active projects valued at more than $850
million, with annual expenditures totaling $268 million.
Countries served by the International Development
Association, or IDA, accounted for nearly half our
investments 255 projects totaling $4.9 billion and more
than 60 percent of Advisory Services expenditures.
Sub-Saharan Africa accounted for 19 percent of our
investment commitments and 25 percent of Advisory Services
expenditures. The invested a record $1.64 billion in clean
energy...
Link permanente para citações:
‣ Independent Evaluation of IFC's Development Results : Knowledge for Private Sector Development
Fonte: Washington, DC: World Bank
Publicador: Washington, DC: World Bank
Tipo: Publications & Research :: Publication; Publications & Research :: Publication
Português
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#ACCESS TO FINANCE#ACCOUNTABILITY#ACQUISITION COST#ADB#ADVISORY SERVICES#BOARDS OF DIRECTORS#BORROWER#BOUNDARIES#BUSINESS ACTIVITIES#BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT#BUSINESS ENABLING
Independent evaluation of International
Finance Corporations (IFC's) development results 2009
takes stock of the development performance of IFC's
investment operations, and examines, for the first time, the
development effectiveness of its Advisory Services (AS),
thus offering the first holistic review of IFC's
development results. On Investment Services (IS), the report
finds that 72 percent of operations reaching early operating
maturity between 2006 and 2008 met or exceeded their
financial, economic, environmental, and social benchmarks,
and made contributions to private sector development beyond
just the project. This is a significant improvement over the
63 percent achieved between 2005 and 2007. Meanwhile, 70
percent of AS operations reviewed between 2006 and 2008
achieved high development effectiveness ratings. But these
development results do not yet reflect the sharp
deterioration in global economic conditions, which has just
now begun to affect the economic environment in most
developing countries. Experience suggests there are
considerable risks to development results but crises can
also offer new opportunities that need to be grasped.
Projects approved in the years prior to a crisis were about
15 percent less likely to achieve good results than
otherwise. In the wake of past crises...
Link permanente para citações:
‣ IFC Annual Report 2008 : Creating Opportunity, Volume 1; Crear oportunidades : informe annual report 2008 Criacao de oportunidades : velatorio anual 2008 Creer des opportunites : rapport annuel 2008
Fonte: Washington, DC
Publicador: Washington, DC
Tipo: Publications & Research :: World Bank Annual Report; Publications & Research :: Publication
Português
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#ACCESS TO EDUCATION#ACCESS TO FINANCE#ACCESS TO FINANCING#ACCESS TO STUDENT LOANS#ACCOUNTING#ADVICE TO GOVERNMENTS#ADVISORY SERVICES#ADVISORY WORK#AFFORDABLE HOUSING#AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS#ASSET CLASSES
The International Finance Corporation
(IFC) annual report continues an approach pioneered last
year, combining information on the investments and advisory
services, sustainability, development effectiveness, and
donor partnerships. The report covers fiscal 2008 (July 1,
2007, through June 30, 2008) and discusses the year's
new business as well as the performance and development
results of the portfolio. In FY08, new investments totaled
$16.2 billion, rising 34 percent from the previous year. The
IFC seeks to enhance the accountability and to articulate
the vision, core corporate values, purpose, and the way the
IFC works for a wide range of stakeholders: client
companies, governments, partners, local communities affected
by the activities, advocacy organizations, investors, and
the staff.
Link permanente para citações:
‣ A Framework for Reform: Report of the Premier's Advisory Council on Health
Fonte: Edmonton: Premier's Advisory Council on Health
Publicador: Edmonton: Premier's Advisory Council on Health
Português
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Established in August 2000 by Premier Ralph Klein, the Advisory Council on Health was mandated to provide strategic advice to the Premier on the preservation and future enhancement of quality health services for Albertans and on the continuing sustainability of the publicly funded health system.; Paper copy - CA2 AL HW700 2001F66 Stauffer Library - Documents
Link permanente para citações:
‣ retos y oportunidades de la exportación de servicios de asesoría en defensa desde colombia; CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE EXPORT OF DEFENSE ADVISORY SERVICES FROM COLOMBIA
Fonte: Universidad Militar Nueva Granada; Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Especialización en Gerencia en Comercio Internacional
Publicador: Universidad Militar Nueva Granada; Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Especialización en Gerencia en Comercio Internacional
Tipo: bachelorThesis; Trabajo de grado
Formato: pdf; pdf
Português
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#poder blando, poder duro, persuasión militar, comercio de servicios, exportación, importación y sector defensa.#soft power, hard power, military persuasion, trade in services, export, import and defense sector.
Este ensayo centra su contenido en dos temas preponderantes y a primera vista bastante distantes el uno del otro, de un lado se encuentra el uso de la estrategia militar denominada poder blando utilizada por un sinnúmero de países para influir en las decisiones de otros Estados y obtener los resultados que se desean en beneficio propio. Por otra parte se aborda el tema del comercio de servicios en especial lo relacionado con las exportaciones de servicios comerciales. Ambos temas se abordan desde una perspectiva global, luego regional para finalmente llevarlos al contexto colombiano y al final demostrar que pueden llegar a complementarse para alcanzar un mayor impacto en el crecimiento y desarrollo de un país. A lo largo del texto se pretende demostrar como mediante el empleo del poder blando un país podría influir en su entorno regional mediante la exportación de servicios de asesoría desde el sector defensa. Al final de documento se puede concluir que Colombia a pesar de haber tenido en los últimos años un crecimiento económico significativo continua siendo un país con una preponderancia menor en el escenario regional, por lo tanto debe recurrir a los diferentes tipos de poder blando para influir en Latinoamérica y El Caribe.; This paper focuses on two overriding themes content and a first view quite distant from each other; on one side is the use of military strategy called soft power used by a number of countries to influence the decisions of other states and to get outcomes desired. Moreover it addresses the issue of trade in services particularly related to exports of commercial services. Both themes are addressed from a global perspective...
Link permanente para citações:
‣ IT Empowerment or Exclusion? The Dilemma of Online Government Advisory Services
Fonte: AIS Electronic Library (AISeL)
Publicador: AIS Electronic Library (AISeL)
Tipo: Conference paper
Português
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Currently there are two prevailing strands of thought related to government online advisory services. One school considers the empowerment effect of online advisory systems on citizens and claims that such systems, when appropriately designed, can lead to
Link permanente para citações:
‣ Real estate advisory services: Growth and competition in Japan, Europe, and the United States, 1960-1990.
Fonte: London School of Economics and Political Science Thesis
Publicador: London School of Economics and Political Science Thesis
Tipo: Thesis; NonPeerReviewed
Formato: application/pdf
Publicado em //1996
Português
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This thesis examines the international growth and diversification of real estate advisory services in the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, and Japan from over a 30-year period, 1960-1990. These four countries were selected because they were the most active in cross-border direct investment during this period, and intricate economic interdependencies among them prompted the greatest advancements in innovative real estate advisory services. Economic and cultural differences and similarities among the four focal countries and their respective service professions provide the bases for evaluating the primary hypothesis: the internationalization of real estate advisory services were most efficiently and effectively achieved by firms that first built solid reputations in their home nations, and subsequently expanded into multiregional organizations by responding to the cross-border investment activities of existing and prospective multinational clients. If leading firms in the focal countries expanded in domestic markets to capitalize on the national economy's maturing real estate markets, then moved into foreign markets to capitalize on rising cross-border investment flows over the 1960-1990 period, the primary thesis raises a question about the relative significance of cross-border real estate investment to national economic conditions...
Link permanente para citações: