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- Biblioteca Digitais de Teses e Dissertações da USP
- Biblioteca Digital da Unicamp
- Sociedade Brasileira de Economia e Sociologia Rural
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte; BR; UFRN; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Economia; Economia Regional
- Universidade Federal de Goiás; Brasil; UFG; Programa de Pós-graduação em Agronegocio (EAEA); Escola de Agronomia e Engenharia de Alimentos - EAEA (RG)
- Banco Mundial
- World Bank, Washington, DC
- Washington, DC
- World Bank
- Elsevier Science Bv
- Mais Publicadores...
‣ Diferenciais de salários nas atividades agrícolas brasileiras: aspectos estruturais e determinantes regionais; Wages differentials in Brazilian agricultural activities: structural features and regional determinants
Fonte: Biblioteca Digitais de Teses e Dissertações da USP
Publicador: Biblioteca Digitais de Teses e Dissertações da USP
Tipo: Dissertação de Mestrado
Formato: application/pdf
Publicado em 09/05/2008
Português
Relevância na Pesquisa
67.788784%
O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar os diferenciais de salários das pessoas empregadas em atividades classificadas como agrícola pelo IBGE, com base nos dados individuais da PNAD de 2005. Busca-se verificar as diferenças de salários para uma mesma atividade agrícola, e entre as diversas atividades agrícolas, de forma a identificar quais são as variáveis que determinam o comportamento dos salários nessas atividades, tais como cor, sexo, educação, idade, região geográfica, entre outros. Além disso, estima-se o efeito de interações entre as regiões e as atividades agrícolas, bem como o efeito de interações entre o nível de escolaridade e a região de referência. As equações de salários ajustadas para os quatro primeiros modelos, os quais permitem mostrar os diferenciais de salários entre as diversas atividades agrícolas, mostram que os efeitos das interações entre escolaridade e região e das interações entre as regiões e atividades agrícolas pouco afetam as estimativas dos coeficientes das variáveis idade, número de horas trabalhadas na semana, sexo, posição na ocupação, categoria do emprego e cor. A variável cor, por sua vez, não tem um efeito relevante na explicação dos diferenciais de salários nas atividades agrícolas...
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‣ As implicações do processo de modernização conservadora na estrutura e nas atividades agropecuarias da Região Cetro-Sul de Goias; The implications of the conservative modernization process in the structure and agricultural activities in the Central-South Region of Goias
Fonte: Biblioteca Digital da Unicamp
Publicador: Biblioteca Digital da Unicamp
Tipo: Tese de Doutorado
Formato: application/pdf
Publicado em 16/07/2008
Português
Relevância na Pesquisa
57.54571%
#Inovações agricolas - Goias (Estado )#Estrutura agraria#Diversificação na agricultura - Goias (Estado)#Agricultural innovations#Land structure#Diversification of production
A finalidade desta investigação é compreender as implicações do processo de modernização conservadora na estrutura e nas atividades agropecuárias na região centro-sul do estado de Goiás. Para tanto, a tese defendida é que a região centro-sul de Goiás é um caso especifico, mas não único do processo de modernização conservadora e da assertiva de Ignácio Rangel de que não há necessidade de mudanças na estrutura fundiária para ampliação e diversificação da estrutura de produção e oferta de bens agropecuários. Para a realização do objetivo proposto no trabalho utilizaram-se os recursos técnicos da pesquisa bibliográfica e documental e adotou-se o método analítico descritivo. Os resultados encontrados demonstram que as implicações do processo de modernização conservadora na estrutura e nas atividades agropecuárias da região centro-sul de Goiás favoreceram para o incremento da produção e produtividade dos bens agropecuários. Este fato teve uma grande importância para a penetração das empresas tradings no mercado goiano para a comercialização das commodities agrícolas. Em conjunto com os programas de incentivo fiscal (PRODUZIR, FOMENTAR) e o FCO, a partir de meados dos anos 80 do século XX...
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‣ The effects of non-agricultural activities on income distribution in rural Brazil
Fonte: Sociedade Brasileira de Economia e Sociologia Rural
Publicador: Sociedade Brasileira de Economia e Sociologia Rural
Tipo: Artigo de Revista Científica
Formato: text/html
Publicado em 01/06/2003
Português
Relevância na Pesquisa
67.67611%
#distribution of rural income#new rural#rural development#non-agricultural activities#income inequality decomposition
The growth of non-agricultural activity since the 1980s has reconfigured the economic and social dynamic in Brazils rural areas. Our paper intends to describe the impact of this growth on income distribution in rural Brazil. We made use of a method of decomposition of two indicators of income distribution applied to1992 and 1999 Brazilian National Household Sample Survey (PNAD) data: the variation coefficient and the Gini index. It was observed that non-agricultural activities have increased the concentration of rural income and that this phenomenon is more prominent in Region I (states of Brazils Northeast and the state of Tocantins) and Region IV (states of São Paulo and Mato Grosso do Sul and the Distrito Federal). It was found that the income concentrating effect of each non-agricultural activity branch (commerce, transformation industry, administration, service) differed by region. In Region I, income from the "Social/Public Administration and Other Activities branch " (a PNAD designation) presents a coefficient of relative concentration greater than a unit, which indicates that income from this activities branch acts to increase the concentration of non-agricultural income in this region. In Region IV, income from industrial activities and from Social/ Public Administration and Other Activities both present coefficients of relative concentration greater than a unit; therefore...
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‣ Podem os programas sociais e de transferência de renda influenciar a oferta de trabalho em atividades não agrícolas? uma análise para as famílias em condição de pobreza no meio rural do nordeste; Can social programs and cash transfers affect labor supply in non-agricultural activities? an analysis for families in poverty in rural areas of the Northeast
Fonte: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte; BR; UFRN; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Economia; Economia Regional
Publicador: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte; BR; UFRN; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Economia; Economia Regional
Tipo: Dissertação
Formato: application/pdf
Português
Relevância na Pesquisa
67.5089%
#Atividades não Agrícolas. Transferência de Renda. Alocação de Trabalho#Non-Agricultural Activities. Transfer Income. Allocation of Work#CNPQ::CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS::ECONOMIA
This study aims to analyze the main effect of social programs and cash transfers on the labor supply of non-farm family members in poverty in rural areas of the Northeast. Among the specific objectives, we sought to investigate the effects of these programs and individual characteristics on the decision of participation and allocation of working hours of parents and children in non-agricultural activities. It was assumed, as a theoretical basis, the model of neoclassical labor supply as well as the principle that the decision of allocation of working hours, non-agricultural, is subject to the initial choice of the worker devote or not the non-agricultural employment . The hypothesis assumes that access to social programs and income transfer contributes to the dismay of rural workers, in poverty, in its decision to participate and offer hours of work in non-agricultural activities. To achieve this objective, we applied the models of Heckman (1979) and Double Hurdle, of Cragg (1971), consisting of associating the decision to participate in the labor market with the decision on the amount of hours allocated. The database used was the National Survey by Household Sampling (PNAD) of 2006. The results of the heads of households showed that transfers of income...
Link permanente para citações:
‣ Hedge com diversificação de atividades agropecuárias; Hedge with diversification of agricultural activities
Fonte: Universidade Federal de Goiás; Brasil; UFG; Programa de Pós-graduação em Agronegocio (EAEA); Escola de Agronomia e Engenharia de Alimentos - EAEA (RG)
Publicador: Universidade Federal de Goiás; Brasil; UFG; Programa de Pós-graduação em Agronegocio (EAEA); Escola de Agronomia e Engenharia de Alimentos - EAEA (RG)
Tipo: Dissertação
Formato: application/pdf
Português
Relevância na Pesquisa
47.6393%
#Fronteiras eficientes#Portfólios#Retorno operacional#Risco#Efficient frontiers#Portfolios#Operational payback#Risk#CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA
This study presents an instrument for farmers and general users to mitigate the risk on the agricultural market. Such instrument refers to different portfolios from a table composed of several agricultural activities. These portfolios are accompanied by its risk and monthly operating payback, along with optimal allocation of its financial resources and the area of rural property for each activity. Whence, eight agricultural activities economically relevant to the State of Goiás were primarily selected (cotton, rice, beef cattle, bean, corn, soybean, sorghum and tomato) and the monthly medium prices series received by farmers were researched at the Companhia Nacional de Abastecimento – Conab. Also, the series of operational costs per hectare were collected from the Federação da Agricultura e Pecuária de Goiás – Faeg. Posteriorly, the operating payback of each related activity was calculated and checked the stationarity of the payback series. After confirmed the stationarity of the time series, the volatility of the payback series from each activity was analyzed. Then was calculated the matrix of correlation between the activities payback on the study and the model of linear programming, which has the equation proposed by Markowitz (1952) as objective function in order to minimize the portfolio risk. The results show portfolios with combinations of two...
Link permanente para citações:
‣ Reliability of Recall in Agricultural Data
Fonte: Banco Mundial
Publicador: Banco Mundial
Português
Relevância na Pesquisa
57.684385%
#AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES#AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS#AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION#AGRICULTURAL INFORMATION#AGRICULTURAL INNOVATION#AGRICULTURAL ISSUES#AGRICULTURAL LABOR#AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION#AGRICULTURAL REGIONS#AGRICULTURAL SEASON#AGRICULTURE
Despite the importance of agriculture to
economic development, and a vast accompanying literature on
the subject, little research has been done on the quality of
the underlying data. Due to survey logistics, agricultural
data are usually collected by asking respondents to recall
the details of events occurring during past agricultural
seasons that took place a number of months prior to the
interview. This gap can lead to recall bias in reported data
on agricultural activities. The problem is further
complicated when interviews are conducted over the course of
several months, thus leading to recall of variable length.
To test for such recall bias, the length of time between
harvest and interview is examined for three African
countries with respect to several common agricultural input
and harvest measures. The analysis shows little evidence of
recall bias impacting data quality. There is some indication
that more salient events are less subject to recall decay.
Overall, the results allay some concerns about the quality
of some types of agricultural data collected through recall
over lengthy periods.
Link permanente para citações:
‣ Aligning Climate Change Mitigation and Agricultural Policies in Eastern Europe and Central Asia
Fonte: World Bank, Washington, DC
Publicador: World Bank, Washington, DC
Português
Relevância na Pesquisa
47.56119%
#ABATEMENT COSTS#AFFORESTATION#AFFORESTATION PROJECTS#AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES#AGRICULTURAL LAND#AGRICULTURAL POLICY#AGRICULTURAL PURPOSES#AGRICULTURAL USES#AGRICULTURAL WASTE#ALLOCATION#ALTERNATIVE POLICIES
Greenhouse gas emissions are largely determined by how energy is created and used, and policies designed to encourage mitigation efforts reflect this reality. However, an unintended consequence of an energy-focused strategy is that the set of policy instruments needed to tap mitigation opportunities in agriculture is incomplete. In particular, market-linked incentives to achieve mitigation targets are disconnected from efforts to better manage carbon sequestered in agricultural land. This is especially important for many countries in Eastern Europe and Central Asia where once-productive land has been degraded through poor agricultural practices. Often good agricultural policies and prudent natural resource management can compensate for missing links to mitigation incentives, but only partially. At the same time, two international project-based programs, Joint Implementation and the Clean Development Mechanism, have been used to finance other types of agricultural mitigation efforts worldwide. Even so, a review of projects suggests that few countries in Eastern Europe and Central Asia take full advantage of these financing paths. This paper discusses mitigation opportunities in the region, the reach of current mitigation incentives...
Link permanente para citações:
‣ Guyana : Agricultural Insurance Component Pre-feasibility Study Report
Fonte: Washington, DC
Publicador: Washington, DC
Português
Relevância na Pesquisa
47.64143%
#ACCIDENT#AGRIBUSINESS#AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES#AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES#AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT#AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS#AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION#AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICES#AGRICULTURAL INPUTS#AGRICULTURAL INSURANCE#AGRICULTURAL INSURANCE SCHEME
The objective of the Agricultural
Insurance pre-feasibility study is to identify the
institutional, operational, technical and financial
challenges for the development of agricultural risk transfer
solutions and insurance for rice, fruit and vegetables,
livestock, and the aquaculture sector in Guyana. The
specific objectives of the study include: (i) to identify
the production systems, constraints and risks faced by
farmers in Guyana; (ii) to assess the institutional,
operational and financial capacity in Guyana to manage an
agricultural insurance scheme for the selected activities;
(iii) to evaluate the availability of information and
collect technical data and information needed for the
development of an agricultural insurance scheme for the
selected activities; (iv) to assess the potential interest
of the possible stakeholders that might get involved in the
development of an agricultural insurance scheme in Guyana.
This report draws heavily on international experience.
International experience on agricultural insurance is vast...
Link permanente para citações:
‣ Sri Lanka : Promoting Agricultural and Rural Non-farm Sector Growth, Volume 1. Main Report
Fonte: Washington, DC
Publicador: Washington, DC
Português
Relevância na Pesquisa
47.551323%
#NON-FOOD AGRICULTURE#AGRICULTURAL INCOME#RURAL GROWTH#ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT#EMPLOYMENT POLICY#LABOR MIGRATION#PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH#AGRICULTURAL POLICY REFORM#RURAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT#INTEGRATED AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION#REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
Economic development has brought about,
the decline in contribution of the agricultural sector to
the economy of Sri Lanka, and, consistent with this economic
transformation, the structure of employment also changed.
Thus, as labor migrates away from agriculture, the
productivity, for those who remain in the land, needs to
increase significantly. This report examines the constraints
to promoting more rapid agricultural, and rural non-farm
sector growth, and, reviews the recent performance of the
agricultural, and rural non-farm sectors, in particular the
non-plantation agricultural sector; scrutinizes the major
policy, and regulatory barriers, that hinder a sustained
growth in rural areas; and, proposes options for improvement
in the key areas. A critical step to achieve this sector
growth, and meet the changing demands of the overall
economy, is the need to formulate, and implement a renewed
rural development strategy, that builds on synergies in the
agricultural, and non-farm sectors. This integrated rural
development framework becomes an instrument that can
complement a sustained growth in the non-farm sector...
Link permanente para citações:
‣ Support for Agricultural Restructuring Project : The Financial and Economic Competitiveness of Rice and Selected Feed Crops in Northern and Southern Vietnam
Fonte: Washington, DC
Publicador: Washington, DC
Português
Relevância na Pesquisa
47.69133%
#ACTUAL YIELDS#ADVERSE EFFECTS#AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES#AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITY#AGRICULTURAL COMMODITY#AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT#AGRICULTURAL LAND#AGRICULTURAL LAND USE#AGRICULTURAL OUTPUTS#AGRICULTURAL PERFORMANCE#AGRICULTURAL POLICIES
One area of weakness in current
agricultural policy work in Vietnam is the lack of a clear
understanding of both the private profitability of farmers
for different crop activities and the social profitability
of such activities. Agricultural performance is thus gauged
in physical terms (i.e. yields and the volume of aggregate
output) rather than in financial or economic terms. This has
hampered efforts to compare and contrast the impacts and
effectiveness of alternative policy and program measures.
Comparative metrics for different crops and farm management
systems have been lacking. The main objectives of this paper
are: (i) to describe the Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM)
methodology and how to interpret key financial and economic
indicators; (ii) to document the underlying assumptions used
for the analysis; and (iii) to provide a summary and brief
interpretation of the main quantitative results and outcome
of selected sensitivity tests. As a step towards improved
sector planning, this paper utilizes the PAM to analyze
various farm management systems for rice...
Link permanente para citações:
‣ Rural Development in Haiti
Fonte: World Bank, Washington, DC
Publicador: World Bank, Washington, DC
Tipo: Relatório
Português
Relevância na Pesquisa
47.844565%
#ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY#ACCESS TO FOOD#ACCESS TO INFRASTRUCTURE#ACCESS TO IRRIGATION#ACCESS TO MARKETS#ACCESSIBILITY#AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES#AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITY#AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES#AGRICULTURAL EMPLOYMENT#AGRICULTURAL GROWTH
The objective of this report is to
examine the linkages between rural economic activity, food
insecurity and poverty in Haiti as a means of determining
the barriers to rural development. The analysis draws on a
newly available set of house-hold level living standards
measurement data collected in 2012 (ECVMAS). About 70.7
percent of all rural households are poor, and education
levels are low with an average of 2.8 years of education for
the household head. Agriculture dominates economic activity
(78 percent of all households are involved in agricultural
activities), although almost 25 percent of the agricultural
households supplement their agricultural income by engaging
also in some type of nonfarm activity. Overall nonfarm
activity participation (including households that engage in
agricultural activities and households that do not) is
reported at 46 percent. Nonfarm activities can be related to
agriculture upstream (input supply) or downstream
(value-adding and processing), or they can be unrelated to
the sector (retailing). This report identifies the main
factors of production that correlate with increased
productivity in the agricultural sector and examines the
determinants of nonfarm participation...
Link permanente para citações:
‣ Análise da intensidade agrícola dos municípios de alguns estados brasileiros nos anos de 2000 e 2010; Analysis of agricultural intensity in the municipalities of some brazilian states in the years 2000 and 2010
Fonte: Biblioteca Digitais de Teses e Dissertações da USP
Publicador: Biblioteca Digitais de Teses e Dissertações da USP
Tipo: Tese de Doutorado
Formato: application/pdf
Publicado em 19/06/2015
Português
Relevância na Pesquisa
57.889146%
#Agricultural Activities#Análise fatorial#Atividades agrícolas#Econometria espacial#Factor Analysis#Indicador#Indicator#Spatial Econometrics
Nas últimas quatro décadas, em especial, o meio rural brasileiro vem apresentando uma nova dinâmica em sua população e atividades, o que gera uma nova configuração. Esta nova configuração pode ser observada com relação à ocupação das pessoas no meio rural, com queda do número de pessoas ocupadas em atividades agrícolas com residência no meio rural no século XXI. Observando a nova configuração do meio rural para os estados de São Paulo, Paraná, Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato do Grosso e Goiás, observa-se que os mesmos têm apresentado os fenômenos acima citados. Entretanto, a dinâmica da ocupação do meio rural no Brasil não ocorre de forma homogênea. Isto posto, busca-se, através desta tese, analisar a distribuição e os determinantes da intensidade agrícola no meio rural dos municípios do estado de São Paulo, Paraná, Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso e Goiás para os anos de 2000 e 2010. Através da análise fatorial foram gerados três indicadores (representados pelos escores fatorais dos fatores extraídos) a saber: o indicador de ruralidade, da agriculturalização (intensidade das atividades agrícolas no meio rural) e da renda não agrícola. Analisando a distribuição espacial destes indicadores, representados pelos escores fatorais dos fatores extraídos...
Link permanente para citações:
‣ Reviving Sri Lanka's Agricultural Research and Extension System : Towards More Innovation and Market Orientation
Fonte: Washington, DC
Publicador: Washington, DC
Tipo: Economic & Sector Work :: Other Rural Study; Economic & Sector Work
Português
Relevância na Pesquisa
47.564863%
#ACADEMIC STAFF#ACCEPTABLE STANDARD#ACCESS TO CREDIT#ACCESS TO KNOWLEDGE#ADAPTIVE RESEARCH#ADVISORY COMMITTEES#AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES#AGRICULTURAL AGENCIES#AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT#AGRICULTURAL DIVERSIFICATION#AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS
This review's objectives were to
examine the structure and performance of the agricultural
research and extension systems (public and private) at the
central and provincial levels, identify successes as well as
constraints to improving the system s effectiveness for
fostering innovation, and propose options for further policy
and institutional development, drawing on lessons from
international experience. The review focused principally on
nonplantation crops, although its main recommendations apply
across the agricultural sector. This synthesis report
summarizes the main findings of the review and builds upon
them by adding some new elements. The conflict in Sri Lanka
is explicitly recognized. Additionally, the implications of
changes in the wider agricultural context for agricultural
research and extension are explored, and have led to the
adoption of an innovation systems perspective to organize
the major findings
Link permanente para citações:
‣ Sri Lanka - Agricultural Commercialization : Improving Farmers’ Incomes in the Poorest Regions
Fonte: World Bank
Publicador: World Bank
Tipo: Economic & Sector Work :: General Economy, Macroeconomics and Growth Study
Português
Relevância na Pesquisa
47.68782%
#ACCESS TO CREDIT#ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY#ACCESS TO MARKETS#AGRIBUSINESS#AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES#AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES#AGRICULTURAL COMMODITY#AGRICULTURAL DIVERSIFICATION#AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY#AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION#AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICES
The issue of regional differences in
development has moved to the center of the development
debate in Sri Lanka, partly after the release of regional
poverty data. For the past many years, there have been
significant and increasing differences between the Western
province and the rest of the country in terms of per capita
income levels, growth rates of per capita income, poverty
rates, and the structure of provincial economies. The
structure of the report is as follows: chapter two looks at
the poverty/growth/agriculture nexus in the poorest regions
of Sri Lanka. It presents data on poverty and growth in the
poorest provinces, especially Uva and Sabaragamuwa, and
provides an analysis of factors associated with the rural
poor. Chapter three provides an overview and brief
discussion of the Government's agricultural policies
and programs. Chapter four identifies constraints that
restrict farmers' incomes in the four poorest
provinces. It presents results from extensive stakeholder
consultations carried out in these provinces. These results
are complemented with findings from the 2005 rural
investment climate assessment to identify some of the
general constraints in the agriculture sector in Sri Lanka.
Chapter five presents the findings of an agricultural
resource audit of small-scale farmers in the poorest regions
that analyzed production...
Link permanente para citações:
‣ Agricultural Commodity Exchanges in Latin America and the Caribbean
Fonte: World Bank, Washington, DC
Publicador: World Bank, Washington, DC
Tipo: Publications & Research :: Working Paper; Publications & Research
Português
Relevância na Pesquisa
57.44515%
#AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES#AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES#AGRICULTURAL COMMODITY#AGRICULTURAL POLICIES#AGRICULTURAL POLICY#AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION#AGRICULTURE#ARBITRATION#AUCTIONS#BANANAS#BASIS RISK
A commodity exchange is a goods and
financial market where different groups of participants
trade commodities and commodity-linked contracts, with the
underlying objective of transferring exposure to commodity
price risks (UNCTAD). A commodity exchange that only trades
goods is known as a physical or 'cash or forward'
market, while the exchange that trades price derivatives is
known as financial or 'futures and options' market
(see Glossary for detailed definitions). Some agriculture
commodity exchanges have both. Agricultural commodity
exchanges date as far back as the early 18th century. Modern
exchanges, notably the Chicago Board of Trade (CBOT) was
created in 1848, recently merged with the Chicago Mercantile
Exchange (CME), is one the oldest and most successful
futures exchanges worldwide. Today several agricultural
commodity exchanges exist throughout the Latin America and
Caribbean (LAC) region. They facilitate trade and financial
products in countries whose economies have a relatively
large share of primary and secondary agricultural activities
or either account for auctions on substantial food imports.
This report looks at the current development of agricultural
commodity exchanges in the LAC region and offers public
policy recommendations that can foster the development of
such exchange markets.
Link permanente para citações:
‣ Demand versus Returns? Pro-Poor Targeting of Business Grants and Vocational Skills Training
Fonte: World Bank, Washington, DC
Publicador: World Bank, Washington, DC
Tipo: Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper; Publications & Research
Português
Relevância na Pesquisa
47.574517%
#ACCESS TO MARKETS#ACCOUNTING#AGE GROUPS#AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES#AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITY#AGRICULTURAL INCOME#AGRICULTURAL SELF-EMPLOYMENT#ATTRITION#BANKS#BUSINESS PLAN#BUSINESS TRAINING
Interventions aimed at increasing the
income generating capacity of the poor, such as vocational
training, micro-finance or business grants, are widespread
in the developing world. How to target such interventions is
an open question. Many programs are self-targeted, but if
perceived returns differ from actual returns, those
self-selecting to participate may not be those for whom the
program is the most effective. The authors analyze an
unusual experiment with very high take-up of business grants
and vocational skills training, randomly assigned among
nearly all households in selected poor rural communities in
Nicaragua. On average, the interventions resulted in
increased participation in non-agricultural employment and
higher income from related activities. The paper
investigates whether targeting could have resulted in higher
returns by analyzing heterogeneity in impacts by stated
baseline demand, prior participation in non-agricultural
activities, and a wide range of complementary asset
endowments. The results reveal little heterogeneity along
observed baseline characteristics. However...
Link permanente para citações:
‣ Agricultural Extension Services in Indonesia : New Approaches and Emerging Issues
Fonte: Washington, DC
Publicador: Washington, DC
Tipo: Economic & Sector Work :: Other Rural Study; Economic & Sector Work
Português
Relevância na Pesquisa
47.680903%
#ACCESS TO INFORMATION#ADB#AGRIBUSINESS#AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES#AGRICULTURAL CHEMICAL#AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES#AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT#AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION#AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION#AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICES#AGRICULTURAL GROWTH
Indonesian agriculture is at a
crossroads. Supporting the livelihood of millions of
Indonesians, it needs to underpin renewed and robust growth
of the economy; and be a key component of the
Government's poverty alleviation strategy. The
challenge for the future is to reinvigorate productivity
gains among rural producers, and provide the foundation for
long run sustainability of these productivity gains.
Productivity gains are key to farmer income growth, and for
this rebuilding the research and extension systems that have
seen a marked deterioration in recent years will be
critical. The experience of the Indonesian decentralization
of its extension system has been mixed, with adverse impact
on extension through sharp reductions in funding, and
removal of central-level guidance. At the same time, a
series of positive debates and experimentation in management
have taken place from a shift on top-down to participatory
approaches, input and technology dissemination to
dissemination of market and upstream information and
technology...
Link permanente para citações:
‣ Mexico - Income Generation and Social Protection for the Poor : Volume 1. Integrated Executive Summary
Fonte: Washington, DC
Publicador: Washington, DC
Tipo: Economic & Sector Work :: Other Poverty Study; Economic & Sector Work
Português
Relevância na Pesquisa
47.680977%
#ABSOLUTE TERMS#ACCESS TO SERVICES#AGRARIAN REFORM#AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT#AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY#AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH#AGRICULTURAL SECTOR#AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY#AGRICULTURAL WAGE#ANALYTICAL WORK#ANNUAL GROWTH
This document summarizes the findings of three reports: Urban Poverty in Mexico, Mexico: a Study of Rural Poverty, and Mexico: an Overview of Social Protection, and, focuses on 1) the generation of income opportunities for the urban and rural poor, and, 2) social protection for the poor. The main messages can be summarized as follows. The poor are a heterogeneous group; importantly, long-term income-generating opportunities and coping strategies differ significantly between urban and rural areas, among different regions, between small and larger cities, and even within neighborhoods. This translates into having urban poor limited to low-quality jobs, marked by low productivity and with limited social protection. Additionally, to continue supporting the rural poor move out of poverty, it is important to increase agricultural productivity, especially for small- and medium-sized farmers, and facilitate their diversification into rural non-farm activities (RNF) of higher agricultural value-added. The rural poor depend mainly on self-subsistence agriculture, self-employment, and non-agricultural activities, and have typically not completed primary education. Conversely, the urban poor depend on access to salaried employment, on non-agricultural activities...
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‣ Myanmar Agricultural Development Bank : Initial Assessment and Restructuring Options
Fonte: Bangkok
Publicador: Bangkok
Tipo: Publications & Research :: Working Paper; Publications & Research
Português
Relevância na Pesquisa
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#ACCESS TO FINANCE#ACCOUNTING#ACCOUNTING STANDARDS#ADMINISTRATIVE BARRIERS#ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS#ADVISORY SERVICES#AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES#AGRICULTURAL BANKS#AGRICULTURAL COOPERATIVES#AGRICULTURAL CREDIT#AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT BANK
Myanmar is an agricultural country. It
is estimated that the agriculture sector represents between
35 to 40 percent of gross domestic product (GDP) and that up
to 70 percent of the labor force (of 32.5 million) is
directly or indirectly engaged in agricultural activities or
depend on agriculture for their income. Given
agriculture's important contribution to the economy,
the modernization of the agriculture sector is a top
priority in the economic and social development agenda of
the Government of Myanmar. Among the government institutions
supporting the agriculture sector, the Myanmar Agriculture
Development Bank (MADB) plays an important role. MADB was
established in June 1953 by the Government of Myanmar to
support the development of agriculture, livestock, and rural
enterprises in Myanmar. MADB is currently the largest
financial institution serving the rural areas and financing
agriculture activities. At the end of 2012, MADB served 1.87
million customers, mostly farmers, and had a network of 206
branches (which accounted for 23 percent of all banks'
branches in Myanmar). Since its creation...
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‣ Myriophyllum aquaticum as a biomonitor of water heavy metal input related to agricultural activities in the Xanaes River (Córdoba, Argentina)
Fonte: Elsevier Science Bv
Publicador: Elsevier Science Bv
Tipo: info:eu-repo/semantics/article; info:ar-repo/semantics/artículo; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Formato: application/pdf
Português
Relevância na Pesquisa
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#Myriophyllum aquaticum#Heavy metal accumulation#Agricultural activities#Physiological parameters#Xanaes River#Argentina#Geología#Ciencias de la Tierra y relacionadas con el Medio Ambiente#CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS#Agricultura#Agricultura, Silvicultura y Pesca
The aim of the present study was to assess the temporal variation of the heavy metal content (Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in surface water and sediments in relation to agricultural practices in the Xanaes River (Córdoba, Argentina). A second objective was to analyze possible relationships between the input of heavy metals on surface water and sediment, heavy metal accumulation and physiological changes in the aquatic plant Myriophyllum aquaticum. Samples were taken from the river at two contrasting sites (between April 2010 and August 2010): (1) a pristine area (mountain site), and (2) an area with intensive agricultural activity located at 60 km down river (agricultural site). The total concentration of heavy metals in surface water was higher in samples collected at the agricultural site but in sediments only the Mn concentration was higher than at the mountain site. The Fe and Mn concentrations in surface water at the agricultural site exceeded the recommended values for Argentinean Legislation of 300 g L−1 for Fe and 100 g L−1 for Mn. The accumulations of Zn and Mn in M. aquaticum were higher at the agricultural site and more elevated than the Zn and Mn concentrations in sediments at the same sites and sampling times. At the agricultural site...
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