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‣ Utilização da análise por envoltória de dados (DEA) na análise de demonstrações contábeis.; Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) applied to balance sheet analysis.
Fonte: Biblioteca Digitais de Teses e Dissertações da USP
Publicador: Biblioteca Digitais de Teses e Dissertações da USP
Tipo: Tese de Doutorado
Formato: application/pdf
Publicado em 03/10/2002
Português
Relevância na Pesquisa
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#accounting#análise de balanços#análise de desempenho#análise por envoltória de dados#balance sheet analysis#contabilidade#Data Envelopment Analysis#performance analysis
As demonstrações contábeis divulgadas pelas empresas têm sido objeto de diversos estudos. Tem-se tentado com as informações contábeis derivar modelos de orientação para investidores e credores, por meio da chamada análise de balanços. Muitos livros foram escritos sobre análise de balanços. O tema transformou-se em disciplinas em cursos de graduação e pós-graduação. E, para alguns, mais do que uma técnica, a análise de balanços, ou ainda, a análise de demonstrações contábeis, é uma arte. Construíram-se indicadores de previsão de insolvência, com base em instrumentos quantitativos sofisticados. ALTMAN (1968) foi precursor da aplicação de métodos quantitativos em informações contábeis com a finalidade de desenvolver modelos de previsão de falência. No Brasil, o estudo pioneiro é de Stephen Charles KANITZ (1974), que originou seu livro Como prever falências. Posteriormente, outros pesquisadores brasileiros desenvolveram modelos semelhantes, utilizando-se de técnicas estatísticas de regressões, análises fatoriais e discriminantes, redes neurais e outras (ELIZABETSKY, 1976; MATIAS, 1978; CORRAR, 1981; PEREIRA DA SILVA, 1982; ALMEIDA, 1993; MATIAS e SIQUEIRA, 1996). E esses mesmos balanços têm sido utilizados em estudos que buscam definir a excelência do desempenho das empresas. Foi também KANITZ que iniciou...
Link permanente para citações:
‣ Assessing global dietary habits: a comparison of national estimates from the FAO and the Global Dietary Database1234
Fonte: American Society for Nutrition
Publicador: American Society for Nutrition
Tipo: Artigo de Revista Científica
Português
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Background: Accurate data on dietary habits are crucial for understanding impacts on disease and informing policy priorities. Nation-specific food balance sheets from the United Nations FAO provided the only available global dietary estimates but with uncertain validity. Objectives: We investigated how FAO estimates compared with nationally representative, individual-based dietary surveys from the Global Dietary Database (GDD) and developed calibration equations to improve the validity of FAO data to estimate dietary intakes. Design: FAO estimates were matched to GDD data for 113 countries across the following 9 major dietary metrics for 30 y of data (1980–2009): fruit, vegetables, beans and legumes, nuts and seeds, whole grains, red and processed meats, fish and seafood, milk, and total energy. Both absolute and percentage differences in FAO and GDD mean estimates were evaluated. Linear regression was used to evaluate whether FAO estimates predicted GDD dietary intakes and whether this prediction varied according to age, sex, region, and time. Calibration equations were developed to adjust FAO estimates to approximate national dietary surveys validated by using randomly split data sets. Results: For most food groups, FAO estimates substantially overestimated individual-based dietary intakes by 74.5% (vegetables) and 270% (whole grains) while underestimating beans and legumes (−50%) and nuts and seeds (−29%) (P < 0.05 for each). In multivariate regressions...
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‣ Debt Overhang in Emerging Europe?
Fonte: Banco Mundial
Publicador: Banco Mundial
Português
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#ADVANCED ECONOMIES#ASSET POSITION#ASSET PRICES#BALANCE SHEET#BALANCE SHEETS#BANK ASSETS#BANK BALANCE SHEETS#BANK BONDS#BANK CREDIT#BANK DEBT#BANK FINANCING
This paper assesses the extent to which
debt overhang poses a constraint to economic activity in
Emerging Europe, as the region emerges from the recent
financial and economic crisis. At the macroeconomic level,
it finds that the external imbalance problem for Emerging
Europe has been in most cases more one of flows (high
current account deficits in the pre-crisis years) rather
than large stocks of external debt. A high reliance on
equity funding means that net external debt is far lower
than net external liabilities. Domestic balance sheets have
expanded quite rapidly but sector liabilities remain
relatively low compared with advanced economies. With the
important exception of Hungary, public debt levels also
remain relatively low in Emerging Europe. At the
microeconomic level, the potential for debt overhang in the
corporate sector is limited to a few countries: Latvia,
Lithuania, Estonia, and Slovenia. Due to the low incidence
of household debt, hardly any country, except Estonia, seems
to face a threat of debt overhang in the household sector.
The strong increase in non-performing loans compared with
pre-crisis bank profitability suggests that debt overhang in
the banking sector is a threat in Ukraine...
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‣ The Use of Derivatives to Hedge Embedded Options : The Case of Pension Institutions in Denmark
Fonte: World Bank, Washington, DC
Publicador: World Bank, Washington, DC
Português
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#ACCOUNTING#ACCOUNTING RULES#ACCOUNTING STANDARDS#ANNUITIES#ASSET PRICES#ASSETS#BALANCE SHEETS#BOND YIELDS#BONDS#BUNDLING#CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS
The main purpose of this paper is to
examine the growing use of derivatives by Danish pension
institutions as a risk management tool to hedge embedded
options on their balance sheets. Throughout the 1980s and
1990s it was a widespread practice for Danish pension
institutions to guarantee a minimum interest rate on new
pension policies. With the new millennium global interest
rates declined steeply and equity markets came crashing
down. Suddenly the guarantees on pension contracts were in
the money. The policies already written could not be
changed, leaving liabilities and assets mismatched, profits
in the red, and capital reserves drained. Out of necessity,
and in some cases virtue, Danish pension institutions turned
in scale to derivatives, allowing for a more active approach
to hedging, asset and liability management, and even profit
generation. Through the use of derivatives, pension
institutions have avoided the need to renegotiate their
guaranteed contracts with policy holders. They have
succeeded as an industry in transforming their pay-off
curves and have emerged with better matched asset/liability
positions and lower exposure to interest rate risk. But the
expanded use of derivatives also raises some risk management
and regulatory issues...
Link permanente para citações:
‣ Private Power Financing : From Project Finance to Corporate Finance
Fonte: World Bank, Washington, DC
Publicador: World Bank, Washington, DC
Português
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#AFFILIATE#BALANCE SHEET#BALANCE SHEETS#BONDS#CAPITAL MARKETS#CAPITALIZATION#CASH FLOWS#CONSOLIDATION#CORPORATE FINANCE#COST OF CAPITAL#CREDITWORTHINESS
Project financing of independent power
producers (IPPs) may seem the only solution to the
intractable problem of getting private credit to the power
sector. In the developing world, however, the public-private
partnership in project-financed IPP ventures has been slow
to produce results. To achieve substantive progress in IPP
financing, limited recourse project financing will have to
evolve toward structures with greater balance sheet support.
First, balance sheet support by the main partners in an IPP
financing offers greater security to lenders and provides
easier access to long-term debt. Second, balance sheet
support by IPP sponsors can open access to public equity
markets, which are deeper and generally cheaper. Third,
increased corporate balance sheet support is a corollary to
the restructuring in the world s power sectors. Greater
corporate finance support will make it possible to raise
private capital for independent power financing from wider,
deeper, and cheaper sources. This Note recommends the
following strategies: 1) Encourage the formation of large...
Link permanente para citações:
‣ Private Sector Participation in the Power Sector in Europe and Central Asia : Lessons from the Last Decade
Fonte: Washington, DC: World Bank
Publicador: Washington, DC: World Bank
Português
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#ABATEMENT#ACCOUNTING#ASSET SALES#AUDITS#BALANCE SHEETS#BIDDING#COAL#COMMERCIALIZATION#COMPETITIVE MARKETS#COST OF CAPITAL#CROSS SUBSIDIES
The Californian power crisis appears to
have greatly rekindled the latent doubts on moving to more
competitive market structures for such an essential service
as electricity. The recent collapse of Enron and several
other industrial giants, as well as doubts about the
reliability of external audits (resulting, in particular, in
the collapse of Arthur Anderson) and the slide in the stock
values of AES and other companies has eroded the confidence
in the institutional pillars of the market, such as
corporate disclosure, external audit, and oversight by
regulators and Security Exchange Commissions. Major energy
investors, at least in North America, seem to be anxious to
clean up their balance sheets to eliminate from their
portfolio unprofitable and risky investments. Against this
backdrop, the objective of this study is to review the
experiences in the ECA regio
Link permanente para citações:
‣ Financial Policies and the Prevention of Financial Crises in Emerging Market Economies
Fonte: World Bank, Washington, DC
Publicador: World Bank, Washington, DC
Português
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#ACCOUNTING#ADVERSE SELECTION#ASSET PRICES#ASYMMETRIC INFORMATION#BALANCE OF PAYMENTS#BALANCE SHEET#BALANCE SHEETS#BANK CAPITAL#BANK FAILURE#BANK HOLDING COMPANY#BANK PANICS
The author defines a financial crisis as
a disruption in financial markets in which adverse selection
and moral hazard problems become much worse, so that
financial markets are unable to efficiently channel funds to
those who have the most productive investment opportunities.
As financial markets become unable to function efficiently,
economic activity sharply contracts. Factors that promote
financial crises include, mainly, a deterioration in
financial sector balance sheets, increases in interest rates
and in uncertainty, and deterioration in nonfinancial
balance sheets because of changes in asset prices. Financial
policies in 12 areas could help make financial crises less
likely in emerging market economies, says the author. He
discusses: Prudential supervision. Accounting and disclosure
requirements. Legal and judicial systems. Market-based
discipline. Entry of foreign banks. Capital controls.
Reduction of the role of state-owned financial institutions.
Restrictions on foreign-dominated debt. The elimination of
too-big-to-fail practices in the corporate sector. The
proper sequencing of financial liberalization. Monetary
policy and price stability. Exchange rate regimes and
foreign exchange reserves. If the political will to adopt
sound policies in these areas grows in emerging market
economies...
Link permanente para citações:
‣ Stock Market Responses to Bank Restructuring Policies during the East Asian Crisis
Fonte: World Bank, Washington, DC
Publicador: World Bank, Washington, DC
Português
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#ASSET MANAGEMENT COMPANIES#ASSET PRICES#ASSETS#AUDITORS#BAD DEBT#BALANCE SHEETS#BANK BAILOUTS#BANK CAPITALIZATION#BANK CLOSURES#BANK INSOLVENCY#BANK LIABILITIES
The East Asian crisis began in Thailand
in mid-1997 when an ailing financial sector, a slowdown in
exports, and large increases in central bank credit to weak
financial institutions, triggered a run on the baht. Then
the crisis spread to other countries in the region, as
common vulnerabilities, and revaluations of risk in emerging
markets, triggered large capital flows. To better understand
the impact of different policy responses to financial
crises, the authors investigate how stock markets in East
Asian countries reacted to the initial policy announcements
of bank, and financial restructuring - especially how
banking, and non-financial sectors in Indonesia, the
Republic of Korea, Malaysia, and Thailand, fared in response
to announcements of different restructuring measures. They
find that prices of bank stocks, responded positively to
announcements about government guarantees of bank
liabilities. Non-financial companies gained in value when
guarantees were announced, but their stock prices were
negatively affected by announcements favoring public
re-capitalization schemes...
Link permanente para citações:
‣ Global Economic Prospects : Financial Markets Outlook, June 2014
Fonte: World Bank Group, Washington, DC
Publicador: World Bank Group, Washington, DC
Português
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#ACCOUNTING#ALLOCATION OF CAPITAL#ASSET CLASSES#BAILOUT#BALANCE OF PAYMENTS#BALANCE SHEET#BANK BALANCE SHEETS#BANK LENDING#BANK POLICY#BANKING SECTOR#BASIS POINT
External financing conditions for
developing countries have been remarkably favorable in
recent months, reflecting expectations of a more drawn-out
period of monetary policy accommodation in high-income
countries and some narrowing of external vulnerabilities.
Additional easing by the European Central Bank, combined
with prospects of modest growth and stable inflation in the
United States ( Goldilocks recovery ), helped pull down bond
yields and volatility worldwide. These benign conditions
currently provide support to capital inflows and activity
across developing countries, but could at the same time
increase the risk of greater and potentially more abrupt
market adjustments ahead. Despite some reduction of current
account deficits in several developing countries, many
remain vulnerable to sudden shifts in investors sentiment
and capital outflows. Following a brief period of market
turmoil at the start of the year, global financing
conditions have eased consider-ably from March to June. Bond
spreads for developing countries (i.e. yield difference with
10-year U.S. Treasury bonds) have narrowed...
Link permanente para citações:
‣ Initial Market Assessment
Fonte: Washington, DC
Publicador: Washington, DC
Tipo: Relatório
Português
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#RISKS#EQUIPMENT#ECONOMIC GROWTH#EARLY WARNING#AGRICULTURAL CREDIT#RISK REDUCTION#FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT#FARMER#MANMADE DISASTERS#INCOME#INTEREST
Catastrophe exposure in Tanzania is
limited and the key perils are drought and flood. These
events have minimal impact on GDP but severe impacts on
individuals in the agriculture sector, increasing their
vulnerability. Thus, while there are merits to developing
the agriculture insurance market in Tanzania, less of a case
can be made to develop the catastrophe insurance market.
Engagement in Tanzania to develop private sector catastrophe
risk and agriculture insurance should be seen as a medium to
long term engagement. Banking penetration is low, as is
insurance and micro-insurance penetration, even when
compared to regional countries. In addition, the insurance
industry has struggled in recent years with profitability,
indicating that insurance technical capacity within the
country may be limited. There are low levels of local
reinsurance capacity, with the majority of risks being
reinsured off-shore. Thus development of catastrophe and
agriculture insurance in Tanzania shall involve a multi-year
engagement. Initially it is of paramount importance that
insurance companies can manage insurance risk correctly
(before beginning to think about adding covariate risks to
their balance sheets). Expansion of disaster risk insurance
into Tanzania could be seen as a second phase of an
engagement looking to develop these markets in Eastern
Africa...
Link permanente para citações:
‣ The utility of corporate-style balance sheets for DoD managers
Fonte: Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School
Publicador: Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School
Tipo: Tese de Doutorado
Português
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited; The purpose of this research was to analyze the utility of audited financial statements within the Department of Defense (DOD). The authors compared the balance sheet between the commercial and government sectors. First, they examined the differences in the elements of the balance sheets based on the different applicable accounting standards. Second, given those differences, the authors evaluated whether standard industry financial ratios based on balance sheet elements are comparable in government balance sheets. The authors recommended adjustments to ratio formulas where applicable. Third, they evaluated whether corporate ratios are useful when examining government balance sheets. The primary objective of the project was to assess the utility of the balance sheet for DOD users. Because the users of government financial statements need different information than users of corporate statements, the utility naturally varies. Common corporate ratios, with some modification, may provide utility to users of government statements, and federal-specific ratios may be useful. The utility varies depending on the level of aggregation of the data.
Link permanente para citações:
‣ India Development Update, October 2015; Fiscal Policy for Equitable Growth
Fonte: World Bank, Washington, DC
Publicador: World Bank, Washington, DC
Tipo: Report; Economic & Sector Work :: Economic Updates and Modeling; Economic & Sector Work
Português
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#CONTINGENT LIABILITIES#MONETARY POLICY#WITHDRAWAL#HOLDING#PORTFOLIO INFLOWS#FOREIGN CAPITAL#ACCOUNTING#DEPOSITS#REAL INTEREST RATES#VALUATION#INTEREST
Indias economy expanded by 7.3 percent
in FY14-15 and 7.0 percent in Q1 FY15-16 (y/y). Industrial
growth increased and despite government services slowing
down, services expanded. Domestic drivers increased, while
exports declined. Private consumption growth stayed strong
and investments gained momentum. Gross domestic product is
expected to increase gradually to 7.5 percent in FY15-16.
The positive outlook is dependent upon the implementation of
important domestic reforms which include: boosting the
balance sheets of the banking sector through a sustainable
solution of the debt overhang of primarily power and road
infrastructure firms, continuing to improve the ease of
doing business and enacting the crucial Goods and Services
Tax, and enhancing capacity of state and local governments
to deliver public services as more resources are devolved
from the centre.
Link permanente para citações:
‣ Pakistan : Financial Sector Assessment
Fonte: Washington, DC
Publicador: Washington, DC
Tipo: Economic & Sector Work :: Financial Sector Assessment Program (FSAP); Economic & Sector Work
Português
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#ACCOUNTING#AUDITING#AUDITS#AUTONOMY#BALANCE SHEETS#BANK CREDIT#BANK LENDING#BANK NEGARA MALAYSIA#BANK OPERATIONS#BANK SOLVENCY#BANKING SECTOR
This report summarizes the main findings and policy recommendations within the context of the Financial Sector Assessment Program (FSAP). Considerable progress has been made in macroeconomic stabilization. Real GDP growth has progressively strengthened, inflation has been subdued, and the overall fiscal deficit and public debt, brought down markedly. However, while macroeconomic stabilization has helped limit vulnerabilities, and improve performance in the financial sector, the outlook remains subject to a number of risks, conducive to future credit quality problems. In addition, a widely anticipated rise in interest rates, and tighter liquidity conditions could adversely impact banks' balance sheets. Finally, a change in the domestic or international political environment, could lead to a drying of remittances, which have been unusually high in recent years. Moreover, to consolidate recent structural reforms and protect the system from future policy reversals, the process of privatization and legal reforms needs to continue. The reform process is not equally advanced across all segments of the financial sector. Insurance penetration is very low relative to other countries at Pakistan's income level, reflecting a number of factors...
Link permanente para citações:
‣ The International Financial Integration of China and India
Fonte: World Bank, Washington, DC
Publicador: World Bank, Washington, DC
Tipo: Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper; Publications & Research
Português
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#ACCOUNTABILITY#ASSETS#AUTONOMOUS MONETARY POLICY#AUTONOMY#BALANCE SHEET#BALANCE SHEETS#BANK LOANS#BANKING SECTOR#BANKING SYSTEM#BANKS#BENCHMARK
Three main features characterize the
international financial integration of China and India.
First, while only having a small global share of
privately-held external assets and liabilities (with the
exception of China's foreign direct investment
liabilities), these countries are large holders of official
reserves. Second, their international balance sheets are
highly asymmetric: both are "short equity, long
debt." Third, China and India have improved their net
external positions over the past decade although, based on
their income level, neoclassical models would predict them
to be net borrowers. Domestic financial developments and
policies seem essential in understanding these patterns of
integration. These include financial liberalization and
exchange rate policies, domestic financial sector policies,
and the impact of financial reform on savings and investment
rates. Changes in these factors will affect the
international financial integration of China and India
(through shifts in capital flows and asset and liability
holdings) and...
Link permanente para citações:
‣ Channels of Transmission of the 2007/09 Global Crisis to International Bank Lending in Developing Countries
Fonte: World Bank, Washington, DC
Publicador: World Bank, Washington, DC
Tipo: Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper; Publications & Research
Português
Relevância na Pesquisa
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#ACCELERATOR#ACCESS TO CREDIT#ACCOUNTING#AFFILIATES#AGRICULTURE#AIC#ALLOCATION OF CREDIT#ASSET HOLDINGS#ASSET MARKETS#ASSET PRICE#ASSET PRICES
During a financial crisis, credit
provision by international banks may be stymied by three
distinct, but related, channels: changes in lending
standards as a result of increased economic uncertainty,
changes in funding availability from interbank liquidity
markets, and changes in solvency due to effects on bank
balance sheets. This paper illuminates the manner by which
each of these channels independently operated to affect
developed-country bank lending in developing countries
during the global financial crisis of 2007/09. It quantifies
how changes in banks' uncertainty about the value of
their asset holdings, access to interbank liquidity, and
internal balance sheet considerations altered their supply
of credit in the run-up, during, and in the immediate
aftermath of the financial crisis, both in terms of their
relative magnitudes, as well as the sensitivity of these
magnitudes to the crisis.
Link permanente para citações:
‣ Mapping Bulgaria's Future : Inclusive Growth and Productive Jobs
Fonte: Washington, DC
Publicador: Washington, DC
Tipo: Economic & Sector Work :: Policy Note; Economic & Sector Work
Português
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#ACCOUNTING#ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE#ASSET MANAGEMENT#BALANCE SHEET#BALANCE SHEETS#BANK REGULATIONS#BANKING SECTOR#BANKING SYSTEM#BANKRUPTCIES#BANKRUPTCY#BANKRUPTCY PROCEDURES
The newly elected government takes
office at a time of stark economic challenges. The outfall
of the global economic crisis threatens to undo many of the
achievements of the recent past, derail convergence with the
European Union (EU), and heighten social vulnerability. The
election of a strong government offers a timely opportunity
to restore and broaden the economic reform agenda which had
been initiated before EU accession and but lost some
momentum since 2007. Decisive action could shorten the
length and reduce the depth of the crisis by restoring
market confidence and improving economic prospects.
Restoring the health of the economy and returning to the
convergence path requires concerted policy actions to unwind
economic imbalances and advance much needed structural
reforms. The two-way policy response would aim to: 1) bring
about fiscal consolidation and restructure public finances,
strengthen financial stability, and mitigate the social
impact of the crisis in the short-run; 2) and step up
structural reform to address deep seated economic problems
which both magnify the impact of the international crisis
and hamper longer-term convergence prospects in the
medium-run. The World Bank stands ready to support the
structural transformation of Bulgaria. The Government is
strongly committed to maintaining the currency board with
the euro adoption as an exit strategy. Yet...
Link permanente para citações:
‣ Indonesia Economic Quarterly FY14 : Compilation of the July 2013, October 2013, December 2013 and March 2014 Indonesia Economic Quarterly Reports
Fonte: Washington, DC
Publicador: Washington, DC
Tipo: Economic & Sector Work; Economic & Sector Work :: Economic Updates and Modeling
Português
Relevância na Pesquisa
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#ACCOUNTING#ASSET PRICES#AUCTIONS#AVAILABILITY OF CREDIT#BALANCE OF PAYMENTS#BALANCE OF TRADE#BALANCE SHEETS#BANK CREDIT#BANK LOAN#BANK PROFITABILITY#BANKING ASSETS
The Indonesia Economic Quarterly
(IEQ) has two main aims. First, it reports on the key
developments over the past three months in Indonesia's
economy, and places these in a longer term and global
context. Based on these developments and on policy changes
over the period, the IEQ regularly updates the outlook for
Indonesia's economy and social welfare. Second, the IEQ
provides a more in-depth examination of selected economic
and policy issues, and analysis of Indonesia's
medium-term development challenges. It is intended for a
wide audience, including policymakers, business leaders,
financial market participants, and the community of analysts
and professionals engaged in Indonesia's evolving
economy. Indonesia's fiscal and monetary policy
settings will continue to play a key role in facilitating
the adjustments now taking place and in minimizing
associated risks. There are, however, trade-offs between the
objectives of restraining inflation, supporting growth and
adjusting the current account deficit to the tighter
financing environment. Monetary policy faces the challenge
of calibrating interest and exchange rates so as to guard
against rising inflationary pressures as cost pressures rise
(such as from the pass-through of the weaker currency or
wage increases) while facilitating improvements in the
external balances...
Link permanente para citações:
‣ Pooling Water Projects to Move Beyond Project Finance
Fonte: World Bank, Washington, DC
Publicador: World Bank, Washington, DC
Tipo: Publications & Research :: Viewpoint; Publications & Research
Português
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#ACCOUNTABILITY#BALANCE SHEET#BALANCE SHEETS#BORROWING#CAPITAL MARKETS#CAPITALIZATION#CASH FLOWS#COMMERCIAL BANKS#CONSTRUCTION#CORPORATE FINANCE#COSTS OF BORROWING
To date most private sector water
projects have been financed on a limited recourse basis,
that is, with project cash flows and assets as the main
security for lenders. The move from project to corporate
(balance sheet) financing is occurring in stages. Financing
project debt from the sponsor company's balance sheet
exposes that company to significant risk and thus requires a
strong and large balance sheet. Designed in part to shield a
company's balance sheet, innovative financing
structures and instruments are emerging. Ultimately, the
goal is for water utilities to raise debt and equity from
capital markets on the basis of their own balance sheets,
strengthened by a diversified and stable rate-paying
customer base. The authors review the new trends.
Link permanente para citações:
‣ Deposit Insurance Database
Fonte: World Bank, Washington, DC
Publicador: World Bank, Washington, DC
Tipo: Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper; Publications & Research
Português
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#ASSOCIATION OF DEPOSIT INSURERS#BAILOUT#BAILOUTS#BALANCE SHEET#BANK ASSETS#BANK CAPITAL#BANK CONTRIBUTIONS#BANK CUSTOMERS#BANK DEPOSITS#BANK FAILURES#BANK INSOLVENCY
This paper provides a comprehensive,
global database of deposit insurance arrangements as of
2013. The authors extend their earlier dataset by including
recent adopters of deposit insurance and information on the
use of government guarantees on banks' assets and
liabilities, including during the recent global financial
crisis. They also create a Safety Net Index capturing the
generosity of the deposit insurance scheme and government
guarantees on banks' balance sheets. The data show that
deposit insurance has become more widespread and more
extensive in coverage since the global financial crisis,
which also triggered a temporary increase in the government
protection of non-deposit liabilities and bank assets. In
most cases, these guarantees have since been formally
removed but coverage of deposit insurance remains above
pre-crisis levels, raising concerns about implicit coverage
and moral hazard going forward.
Link permanente para citações:
‣ Assessing global dietary habits: a comparison of national estimates from the FAO and the Global Dietary Database
Fonte: American Society for Nutrition
Publicador: American Society for Nutrition
Tipo: Article; published version
Português
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This is the final version of the article. It first appeared from the American Society for Nutrition via http://dx.doi.org/10.3945/?ajcn.114.087403; Background: Accurate data on dietary habits are crucial for understanding impacts on disease and informing policy priorities. Nation-specific food balance sheets from the United Nations FAO provided the only available global dietary estimates but with uncertain validity.
Objectives: We investigated how FAO estimates compared with nationally representative, individual-based dietary surveys from the Global Dietary Database (GDD) and developed calibration equations to improve the validity of FAO data to estimate dietary intakes.
Design: FAO estimates were matched to GDD data for 113 countries across the following 9 major dietary metrics for 30 y of data (1980?2009): fruit, vegetables, beans and legumes, nuts and seeds, whole grains, red and processed meats, fish and seafood, milk, and total energy. Both absolute and percentage differences in FAO and GDD mean estimates were evaluated. Linear regression was used to evaluate whether FAO estimates predicted GDD dietary intakes and whether this prediction varied according to age, sex, region, and time. Calibration equations were developed to adjust FAO estimates to approximate national dietary surveys validated by using randomly split data sets.
Results: For most food groups...
Link permanente para citações: