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Resultados filtrados por Publicador: National Academy of Sciences
‣ Perception of biological motion without local image motion
Fonte: National Academy of Sciences
Publicador: National Academy of Sciences
Tipo: Artigo de Revista Científica
Publicado em 16/04/2002
Português
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A vivid perception of the moving form of a human figure can be
obtained from a few moving light points on the joints of the
body. This is known as biological motion perception. It is
commonly believed that the perception of biological motion rests on
image motion signals. Curiously, however, some patients with lesions to
motion processing areas of the dorsal stream are severely impaired in
image motion perception but can easily perceive biological motion. Here
we describe a biological motion stimulus based on a limited lifetime
technique that tests the perception of a moving human figure in the
absence of local image motion. We find that subjects can spontaneously
recognize a moving human figure in displays without local image motion.
Their performance is very similar to that for classic point-light
displays. We also find that tasks involving the discrimination of
walking direction or the coherence of a walking figure can be performed
in the absence of image motion. Thus, although image motion may
generally aid processes such as segmenting figure from background, we
propose that it is not the basis for the percept of biological motion.
Rather, we suggest biological motion is derived from dynamic form
information on body posture evolving over time.
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‣ Systemic Darwinism
Fonte: National Academy of Sciences
Publicador: National Academy of Sciences
Tipo: Artigo de Revista Científica
Português
Relevância na Pesquisa
559.2017%
Darwin's 19th century evolutionary theory of descent with modification through natural selection opened up a multidimensional and integrative conceptual space for biology. We explore three dimensions of this space: explanatory pattern, levels of selection, and degree of difference among units of the same type. Each dimension is defined by a respective pair of poles: law and narrative explanation, organismic and hierarchical selection, and variational and essentialist thinking. As a consequence of conceptual debates in the 20th century biological sciences, the poles of each pair came to be seen as mutually exclusive opposites. A significant amount of 21st century research focuses on systems (e.g., genomic, cellular, organismic, and ecological/global). Systemic Darwinism is emerging in this context. It follows a “compositional paradigm” according to which complex systems and their hierarchical networks of parts are the focus of biological investigation. Through the investigation of systems, Systemic Darwinism promises to reintegrate each dimension of Darwin's original logical space. Moreover, this ideally and potentially unified theory of biological ontology coordinates and integrates a plurality of mathematical biological theories (e.g....
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