Background: The disease burden of malnutrition, anemia, malaria and helminth infections among school-aged children is rarely studied in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) although these children are still at a high risk for these diseases compared with other more studied populations, such as pregnant women and children under 5 years old. Even in countries where the prevalence and trend of anemia and malnutrition are relatively well documented, few studies relate this to dietary factors, which are considered major contributors to anemia and malnutrition in most age groups. Aims: The aims of the study are (1) To determine the prevalence of anemia, malaria, helminth infections and malnutrition in a sample of 95 children, ages 6 to 14, attending primary schools in Naama Community, Uganda, and to observe and quantify school children's dietary patterns and daily nutrient intakes. (2) To find out the association between dietary factors and the risk of anemia and malnutrition. Methods: Measures included school-based, cross-sectional surveys, dietary assessments, anthropometric measurements and biological tests among school children. Photo-assisted 24-hour recall was used to collect daily nutrient intakes, combined with a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) to capture the dietary patterns. Anthropometrical and biochemical data was collected using standardized protocols. Socioeconomic data was obtained from parent surveys. Results: Ninety-five children in total were enrolled in all or some components of the study. The prevalence of anemia was low (3.2%)...