Este documento engloba onze subáreas, a saber: Antropologia, Artes, Arqueologia, Ciência Política, Direito, Filosofia, História, Letras, Lingüística, Psicologia e Sociologia. Por isso mesmo, há uma grande diversidade de situações, devido não só a diferentes graus de amadurecimento mas, principalmente, a partir das especificidades da natureza de cada subárea. É ponto fundamental enfatizar que, em vários aspectos, não é possível comparar as diferentes subáreas desde que expressam experiências particulares a disciplinas que têm histórias e objetos diferenciados. Não é possível nem desejável tentar enquadrá-las em um esquema de evolução unilinear em que estivessem previamente definidos patamares e etapas pelas quais todas as disciplinas tivessem que passar para chegar a um status de ciência. Assim sendo, a preocupação de estabelecer normas gerais deve ser temperada com a percepção das especificidades. A procura de homogeneização não pode se transformar em uma camisa de força que dilua a complexidade das diferentes áreas de conhecimento. É dentro desta perspectiva que deve ser encarada, por exemplo, a questão das linhas de pesquisa. A identificação e o destaque de linhas específicas pode ser um movimento simples e coerente com a natureza de certas subáreas. Em outras...

This research is the main problem the complex relationship between science, especially the social sciences, and the complex of ideology from the perspective of historical ontology and György Lukács. Take a few significant works of the founders of Classical Social Theory (Emile Durkheim and Max Weber) as objects of our analysis. In addressing the problem of ideology in social science from the approach Lukacsian, uses critical reading to grasp the immanent connections conceptual and analytical, in the authors' theories and propositions in question. The study first presents the fundamental elements of the perspective adopted, as well as the categories of Ideology and Science in Lukacsian approach. It starts with the notion that work is the foundation of social being, and that their development will gradually produce new social complexes. The problems of science, its emergence in social being, their complexity and refinement, many of their problems and issues are considered as moments of a procedural development and contradictory, historically and socially determined, whose dynamic is intertwined with the previous work. With the development of capitalism, this relationship becomes stronger, boosting the expansion of capital, while doing a science activity more elaborate...

The dialogue between philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein s notions and Pierre Bourdieu s sociological concepts related to social practice of language shows that the philosophy of language has an important influence on contemporary social theory. When we compare the ideas of these authors we discover that beyond the direct influences from the philosopher that the sociologist recognizes there are great parallelisms of thought. That is, Wittgenstein s pragmatic thought of the use of language does not concern only language, but also every socially built behavior. When we notice that the social and linguistic behavior are borne by the individual in a tacit way, that leads us to theorize about the prereflective dimension that builds human actions and even the habits of thought. The same processes allow the uses of language to build wider social practices. Besides, John Austin, one of Wittgenstein s disciples, and his speech acts theory, contribute with a way to reflecting on how language ressembles a concrete action. Finally, the linguistc therapy that Wittgenstein means to be his philosophical proposal is assimilated by Bourdieu, who takes it as one of the necessary topics of the sociological work; Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior; O diálogo entre as noções do filósofo Ludwig Wittgenstein e os conceitos sociológicos relacionados à prática social da linguagem de Pierre Bourdieu mostra que a influência da filosofia da linguagem deixou marcas importantes na teoria social contemporânea. Do confronto entre as idéias dos autores descobre-se que...

This study investigated how the process of the constitution of the subject is interpreted in the formulations of the founders of socio-historical psychology (Lev S. Vigotski, Alexei N. Leontiev and Alexander R. Luria) and in the sociology of knowledge of Peter Berger and Thomas Luckmann. These two theoretical perspectives, despite having different philosophical formulations as ontological and epistemological intentions (socio-historical psychology, historical dialectical materialism; the sociology of Berger and Luckmann and phenomenology) arrive, however, at the same basic conclusion about the social nature of the subject. The objective of the study, therefore, was that of identifying the differences and convergences between the two perspectives and then, try to determine the possibility of a theoretical synthesis between them in relation to the constitution of the subject. At the same time, we intended to analyse the implications of this possible synthesis in order to comprehend the manner in which the ideology functions in human societies as thought by Louis Althusser and Alípio de Sousa Filho. We arrived at the conclusion that, despite being incompatible from the ontological and epistemological points of view, a synthesis is possible between socio-historical psychology and the sociology of knowledge of Berger and Luckmann in relation to the conception of society and the comprehension of the process of the constitution of the subject. Starting from the philosophical intentions of socio-historical psychology...

The assistance to women who have breast cancer is studied in a Reference Center in Paraiba and also the way this assistance is performed in a School Hospital maintained by SUS (Single Health System) is questioned. Breast cancer demands institutional organization, provision of financial, material and human resources, requiring, from the health system, effective assistance with new technologies which make it possible for the population their access to specialized medical services although it not always is able to guarantee those services nor the rights which the legislation granted them, inhibiting a proper relationship between the health professional and the patient. The theme is discussed through a transdisciplinary knowledge view and has as its theoretical referential the contribution of classical and contemporary authors from the human and social sciences and, as an empirical research strategy, the structured interview. The objectives of the research were: identify how the assistance to women with breast cancer is carried on at a Reference Center on Oncology in Campina Grande, Paraiba, identifying their difficulties and their satisfaction with the received assistance; draw up a profile of the women with breast cancer who were assisted in this Reference Center; understand their gynecological and obstetric antecedents...

This work aims to study the institucional environment for the implementation of financing policies directed to familiar agriculture. The central hypothesis is that, although all changes occured in the credit norms, in order to reduce the existing obstacles for the access of outsiders, the same institucional arrangement remains which gave support to the modernization - crystallizer of strengthening structures of this exclusion. The most relevant pressuposition is that the poor agriculturists are the most displayed to the institucional limitations. The concepts of institucional arrangements and environments used in this work had been constructed with support of the institucional school, contemplating itself the economic dimension, the organizational sociology and political science. In the relation of the institucional changes with the state performance, the theorist reading was important that reflect on the relative autonomy of the State and studious of the Brazilian State. The empirical part consisted of a research which had been applied questionnaires with benefited and non-benefited agriculturists with PRONAF B, in thirteen cities of Rio Grande do Norte. In each city, interviews with four of its main mediators had been carried out. The research results had ratified the hypothesis of the work of that the conception of the public policies does not take in account the institution role in the behavior and the choices of the individual and collective agents...

The birth models of care are discussed, in the light of classical and contemporary social science theoretical background, emphasizing the humanistic model. The double spiral of the sociology of absences and the sociology of emergences is detailed, being based, on one hand, on the translation of experiences of knowledge, and, on the other, on the translation of experiences of information and communication, by revealing the movement articulated by Brazilian women on blogs that defend and bring into light initiatives aiming to recover natural and humanized birth. A cartography of the thematic ideas in birth literature is produced, resulting in the elaboration of a synthetic map on obstetric models of care in contemporaneity, pointing out the consequences of the obstetric model that has become hegemonic in contemporary societies, and comparing that model to others that work more efficaciously to mothers and babies. A symbolic cartography of the activism for humanizing birth on the Brazilian blogosphere is configured by the elaboration of an analytical map synthetizing the main mottos defended by the movement: Normal humanized birth; Against obstetrical violence; and Planned home birth. The superposition of the obstetric models of care s map and the rebirth of birth s analytical map indicates it is necessary to reinforce three main measures in order to make a paradigmatic turn in contemporary birth models of care possible: pave the way for the humanistic care of assistance in normal birth...

The aim of this thesis is to comprehend the process of construction of the professionalism in Brazilian agronomy. We state that different strata of the working class face the labor world in different ways. Workers who are more educated and belong to middle classes, act and regard the labor process in a different way from blue-collars. We studied the process of formation of agronomists representative institutions to, in a second stage, discuss the concept of professionalism throw six non-structured interviews with experienced professionals. Labor market, client relations, State, knowledge are some of the concepts we discuss to build our thesis. We also research, in a more elementary level, the hierarchies inside the professional group in order to show how distinctions are made and what kinds of symbolic values are related to professional success among agronomists. A study of the professionalism ideology is also done so that we can discuss about some possibilities of understanding the labor as a human capability.; Este trabalho tem por objetivo compreender o processo de construção do profissionalismo na agronomia. Parte-se do pressuposto que diferentes segmentos da classe trabalhadora vivenciam o trabalho de maneira diversa. Assim...

This paper examines the socio-cultural history of Japanese martial arts, from their social setting, religion and politics in feudal Japan and investigates how these practices are reconfigured in the model of rationality in the Western world. The research, qualitative, is a methodological procedure, the method of image analysis stops with the decomposition of videos of fights, opting for the following comparative process of movement: a) Comparison of motion aikijujutsu (School Shinobi no Jutsu Hiten Ryu) with the traditional aikido video (Doshu Moriteru Ueshiba, grandson of the founder of Aikido, Morihei Ueshiba), 2) Comparison of movement of jujutsu (the school of Shinobi no Jutsu Ryu Hiten) in Judo (video education institution Kodokan). We made a reflection on the perception of the Eastern world in the social sciences of the West. Edward Said (2007) questioned the forms of appropriation, interpretation, understanding and judging the Eastern culture from the perspective of Western rationality, it called the author of Orientalism. The theoretical model we chose the comprehensive sociology of Max Weber and his contribution to the analysis of religious phenomena (Buddhism and Shinto) and added the psychosocial theory of German sociologist Erich Fromm...

Esta dissertação trata os significados de família, mais especificamente os de filiação e maternidade/paternidade, que emergiram nas situações desencadeadas para os pais de um garoto que lhes foi subtraído logo depois do nascimento, ainda na maternidade, e reencontrado depois de dezesseis anos. Com a localização de Pedro em novembro de 2002, seus pais biológicos, Lia e Jayro se empenharam para garantir a aproximação com o filho e este último, mais de seis meses depois de ser reencontrado, mudou-se para a casa daqueles. Por um lado, em uma pretensão explicativa, procura-se mostrar a relação entre o sofrimento imposto a Jayro e Lia, pelo desaparecimento e ruptura de convívio com o filho, e os sentimentos familiares propiciados pela vida moderna, em que a família emerge com uma função afetiva e onde uma quantidade considerável de arranjos familiares dirige boa parte de suas emoções e investimentos para as crianças. Por outro lado, observa-se o modo como a família era manifestada em sua forma social nas práticas interpretativas de Jayro e Lia, quando eles enfrentavam e pensavam as circunstâncias relacionadas à subtração de Pedro, ao desaparecimento e à aproximação com o jovem. Para tanto, foram utilizadas algumas noções da sociologia interacionista de Garfinkel e o conceito de reflexividade institucional de Giddens. A estratégia de pesquisa utilizada foi a análise de entrevistas abertas e de um livro e um diário escritos por Lia. A experiência de Jayro e Lia foi amplamente divulgada pelos meios de comunicação e publicada na forma de um romance...

The brazilian s public universities have choosen some unusual ways to admit new students like bonus, social quota and racial quota. UERJ and UnB were pioneers to adopt this unusual method. As a result of that many studies were built including this alternative admission ways. Therefore most of all studies are on racial quota. As a rule, if the study s goal is to critic the racial quota it needs to ignore the theorical reference about affirmative actions. On the other hand, if it doesn t do that, it will be impossible to proceed this critic because racial quota would appear as a real and good university passport possibility. This work inoves because it tries to do a critic about racial quota without ignore the theorical reference produceed about affirmative actions. We started from classics themes of sociology (democracy, citizenship and social justice), which are the origins of affirmative actions in the field. We purpose affirmative actions as a continuum from the classics themes mentioned above, so we can discuss affirmative actions as a public policies to promote individual s recognition. From this perspective we can do a critic about racial quote like recognition politicies based on identity model and suggest an alternative, based on status model. Based on the assumption above...

The study of public policy for sport and leisure from the creation of the Sports Ministry in 2003 is the focus of this work. The aim was to understand how the sport was treated as a social right, can contribute to the reduction or reversal of inequalities in a peripheral society like Brazil. Therefore, it was chosen as study object the Half-Time Program, under the responsibility of the National Department of Sport Education, the Ministry of Sports. By approaching the sport from different perspectives of the sociology of sport, we discuss the connections between the modern state with the sport and what the concepts and major difficulties for the development of Half-Time Program in general and more specifically in the city of Goiania. In the field of social policy discusses the relationship centralization / decentralization of political sport.; O estudo das políticas públicas de esporte e lazer a partir da criação do Minist rio do Esporte em 2003 o foco deste trabalho. O objetivo foi compreender como o esporte, tratado como direito social, pode contribuir para a diminuição ou reversão das desigualdades em uma sociedade perif rica como a brasileira. Para tanto...

This dissertation will discuss the construction of the Identity of hearing children of deaf parents, reflecting on family, socialization and deafness. Firstly we aim to understand who are the family members of those interviewed and how they see their parents, aunts, uncles and grandparents generally considered as part of these groups, a reference for the process of acquisition and the learning of values, beliefs and social rules. Starting with the idea of mediation between individuals and society, we ask what the link would be that allows individuals to see themselves as a family. Contextualized in each timeframes we perceive that family ties are developed within a perspective of loyalty. In the cases researched, the vision that aunts, uncles and grandparents form part of the group that has a direct relation to the need to reach hearing children of deaf parents to communicate orally. Therefore, this method of communication becomes one of the aspects discussed in the second chapter: the language that the children use daily Brazilian Sign Language (LIBRAS) and Portuguese. As a product of a family context, we show how they learn to communicate orally and in sign language as practical sense. These linguistic acquisitions allow those interviewed to mediate between deaf parents and chat we call the outside world...

The work of Machado de Assis informs critical questions about the fundamentals of literary discourse, philosophical, sociological and historical context in which it is surrounded by the links between artistic expression and social reality that shaped a world view particular gap in the ratings generalizing, but powered by tradition and a creative attempt to exceed the expectations of literary second mid-nineteenth century Brazil. Inserts accustomed to the theoretical debate about the format knowledge that can be attributed to situations reinforced by Machado de Assis provide a motivation for the sociology of literature. This work is conducted through exposure voltage subtle and powerful integrated male in the relationship between criticism and achievement. The identification and dialogue between events, literature and destinations closed the debate about the notion of representation of reality given by some of the ways modern social thought stand out in Brazil and the interest shown here. The way of understanding and representation of reality that is structured in the areas of symbolic dissatisfaction and also finds support in relation to the emerging social artistic expression, making it a guide for the present work. In this sense...

The treatment of uterine cancer, a slow-growing form of the disease, is particularly effective in regard to precursor lesions. In order to understand this illness from the perspective of health sociology, this study focused on women afflicted with uterine cancer. Semi-structured interviews were employed in an attempt to perceive these women s representations. The interviews revealed the coexistence of positive and negative aspects in experiences with cancer and confirmed the stigma borne by both the illness and the treatment. Results showed that public health policies and available health services need to complement individual prevention measures in attributing priority to information about the illness and the treatment, thus covering all dimensions of people s lives. This conclusion highlights the need for a humanized health system that guarantees access to quality health services and exposes the interface between sociology and health, which is essential for the promotion of humanization within the sociocultural context of the health-illness process.; O tratamento do câncer do colo do útero, uma doença com desenvolvimento lento, é eficaz, principalmente nas lesões precursoras. Para compreender essa doença, na perspectiva da sociologia aplicada à saúde...

The issue of development, during the years 50 and 60, was widely discussed in the social sciences and was addressed by several authors from different perspectives. Today, the human and social development is thought from the perspective of a new social and economic context. However, it is believed that one cannot disregard the interpretive strength of the concepts developed by theorists of this period. In this sense, this paper set out to study development, modernity and the environment from the intellectual production of the sociology of development. With that, we tried to reflect about the concepts formulated by different authors to explain the development, whose production results of a field of knowledge in accordance with to the social, economic and cultural conditions which bring about its emergence and also rescue the present time of this literature, that is, have understand of how the issues involved in the issue of development, such as concern for the environment were already present in this intellectual production.; A questão do desenvolvimento, durante os anos 50 e 60, foi amplamente discutida nas ciências sociais sendo abordada por vários autores sob diferentes perspectivas. Hoje, o desenvolvimento humano e social é pensado sob a ótica de um novo contexto social e econômico. Contudo...

Anchoring empirically on the political episode known as grand allowance scandal the purpose of this dissertation (thesis) is to study the parliamentary majority formation in present -day Brazil. On the trails of this proposal there will be systematized 04 (four) analytical models, considered ideal types, and 02 (two) systematized models considered non-ideal types, besides; all presented as possible mechanisms to form parliamentary majority in pre sidential regimes. Such mechanisms will be compared to the grand allowance scandal experience with the aim to verify what of the Brazilian culture and sociability favors, that one of these mechanisms, the financial cooptation, presents itself as an alternative on the majority parliamentary formation, even if it is superimposed among the others. This study will be built up by bibliographic and documentary research. Taking those models as instruments for empirical analyses, there will be used a variety of r eading material with the purpose of understanding the parliamentary majority formation in Brazil in its most vast context, pursuing to reveal, for that, possible shades of the social and cultural structure of the country. For that, the research will use sc ientific works of sociology...

There is in contemporary societies an increasing interest in understanding violence as well as improving measures of security in order to contain it. An effort has been made to understand the complex process of the State s dimensions specially those related to wide range public policies. The aim is to understand why socially strategic sectors, specially security, so far under State responsibility, is now being shared with the market and people even accept their tendency of being dominated by market. The phenomenon of commodification of security is not a new one but has taken place more intensely in the decade of 1970 in many countries. The subject is a complex one. The causes, consequences and meaning of commodification of security is attracting a deserved attention from scholars. The knowledge of this phenomenon must contribute to a better understanding of many aspects of its social dynamics that has great relevance from the economic, cultural and political view. This work adopts the approach of Economic Sociology, supported by the main contribution of Max Weber, Karl Marx and contemporary sociologists; É cada vez maior o interesse em entender a violência contemporânea, bem como aperfeiçoar as medidas de segurança que devem ser adotadas para contê-la. Também é grande o esforço para compreender o complexo processo redimensionamento do Estado...

The study aims to discuss the outsourcing process marked by the call restructuring process that began around the last quarter of the twentieth century. Thus, from the cooling process of accumulation Fordist / Keynesian Concomitant with the development of flexible forms of production sustained in revival of liberalism, we seek to understand the socioeconomic context in which outsourcing takes place, and then investigate their impact on social relations work in order that the use of outsourcing is a strategy flexible organization of production and work. The attention to the fact that in the midst of capitalist restructuring turns out a significant growth services sector (including in relation to the absorption of manpower) over a relative shrinkage in the agricultural and industrial sectors, directs the focus of empirical research for the "production" of services, especially in the subsector banking. Moreover, this approach is due to some lack of studies on the sector services in Brazil, by the sociology and economics work. Part empirical occurred through conducting a case study in a bank official which houses workers on staff and outsource its dependencies. The survey results point to aspects such as: fragmentation union representation...

The feast of St. John the Baptist studied held annually between the City of Heitoraí-GO and the District of Uruíta-Uruana-GO. It is a rural festival, takes place on or around June 23 and has a transitory year. The organizational work is unpaid and the food fresh and served in the last days are free. All the rituals, expenses and the work is carried out collectively by the communities living in these areas. The feast of St. John the Baptist began, according to respondents, for the payment of a promise made to the local stream to get water back in his bed. In this context the question is: What and how the factors and / or cultural events (re) configure the territory of the annual feast of St. John the Baptist? What's "live" a festive area so different from the commonly experienced in other parties in the news? What is the role of myth, tradition, rituals, "places of memory" of social networks and everyday life in the (re) configuration of the party? To answer these questions, we resort to sociology, anthropology, geography, among others. In science, we seek to expand knowledge about the categories territory, place and party, built on a concept of social networks and everyday to understand the cultural events of the feast of St. John the Baptist. For this...