Diversos pesquisadores têm sinalizado que o impacto da globalização e das modernas tecnologias da informação e comunicação transformou a noção de como o trabalho é desenvolvido nas organizações. No atual contexto, antigas promessas de estabilidade de emprego não conseguem mais ser sustentadas, fazendo-se necessário repensar os paradigmas de desenvolvimento profissional. Frente a este cenário, surge uma abordagem denominada carreiras sem fronteiras, onde os indivíduos transitam mais livremente entre diversas organizações, desatrelam suas identidades de empregadores específicos e incorporam outras dimensões da vida humana, além da profissional, como elementos vitais à sua realização pessoal. Além disso, o novo paradigma comporta de forma mais natural interrupções temporárias de carreira, entendendo-as como parte da evolução profissional e de vida do indivíduo. Neste sentido, pesquisadores americanos têm crescentemente investigado um movimento denominado "revolução opt-out", descrevendo indivíduos altamente qualificados e com alto desempenho que, em busca de maior realização pessoal, voluntariamente tomam alguma decisão de carreira que vai de encontro às tradicionais premissas de evolução profissional. Alguns modelos explicativos têm sido elaborados buscando compreender as motivações de tais profissionais...

A Análise Estatística de Dados Funcionais é bastante recente e fornece uma nova forma de visualização, análise e interpretação dos dados. Essa nova maneira de representação está baseada na ideia de que cada observação é uma função real e não simplesmente um escalar ou vetor. Os motivos para analisarmos os dados como funções são, entre outros: i) hoje em dia, há uma maior disponibilidade ao acesso a dados funcionais; ii) em alguns casos pode ser problemático tratar uma observação funcional como não sendo uma; e iii) podemos utilizar a informação das derivadas das funções, uso incompleto ou mesmo inexistente nas técnicas não funcionais. Este trabalho irá tratar da Análise Descritiva de Dados Funcionais, a fim de oferecer um texto introdutório voltado para uma apresentação inicial do assunto, motivando as ideias fundamentais e exemplificando com uma aplicação a dados reais. Assim, abordaremos os conceitos básicos da Análise Descritiva de Dados Funcionais, notações usuais nesta área e as estatísticas descritivas funcionais, analisando os dados do Estudo de Crescimento de Berkeley. Esse estudo, realizado em 1954, investigou problemas relacionados ao desenvolvimento físico, motor e mental, no início da vida de algumas pessoas.; The Statistical Analysis of Functional Data is fairly recent and provides a new way of viewing...

Este trabalho pretende apresentar um estudo sobre o ensino de Estatística Descritiva para o Ensino Médio. Para isso primeiramente foi feita uma análise curricular para se ter conhecimento de quais seriam os conteúdos de Estatística que são selecionados para o Ensino Médio. E em segundo foram feitas análises de dois livros didáticos do Ensino Médio com o intuito de verificar o modo com que os conteúdos de Estatística costumam ser retratados neste tipo de literatura. E por fim tendo como metodologia a Engenharia Didática, foi realizada uma prática com alunos do Ensino Médio que teve como objetivo a apresentação dos conceitos da Estatística Descritiva e do Método Estatístico para pesquisas.; This work does a study about Teaching Descriptive Statistics for High School. In first place was done a curriculum analysis of Statistics topics for High School. In second place were done analyses of two High School textbooks in order for seeing how Statistics topics are used in these kinds of books. Then using Didactics Engineering, six classes were held with High School students for study Descriptive Statistics and Statistical Method for researches.

This paper examines the current level of adoption of Supply Chain Management (SCM) practices in the electro-electronic sector in Brazil and aims to identify the management and Information Technology (IT) actions that have been implemented to support the adoption of those practices. An e-mail survey was conducted. Descriptive statistics techniques were employed for data analysis. This study makes contributions to the electro-electronics sector and to the topics related to SCM, such as identifi cation and level of adoption of SCM practices. Another contribution of this research is the investigation of whether approaches such as Enterprise Resources Planning (ERP), Workshop with Customers, Electronic Data Interchange (EDI), Workshop with Suppliers and electronic Kanban are commonly used to support SCM practices. So far, this is the fi rst research on SCM practices in the electro-electronics sector in Brazil. Copyright © 2012 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

Mestrado em Finanças; O presente trabalho estuda o efeito que a crise económica e financeira teve nas rendibilidades anuais da empresa Corticeira Amorim e nos seus indicadores financeiros. É feita uma análise das rendibilidades em bolsa da Corticeira Amorim e seus benchmarks no período pré-crise (2005-2007) e no período pós-crise (2008-2010). Considera-se ainda o estudo da influência de algumas variáveis macroeconómicas (taxa de inflação, taxa de juro, taxa de câmbio euro dólar, preço do petróleo e nível de exportações) nestas rendibilidades. De igual forma são estudados os indicadores financeiros de rendibilidade e liquidez (R.O.S, R.O.A, R.O.E e L.G), alavanca e risco (autonomia financeira, debt to equity e G.A.F) e mercado accionista (price to book, book to market equity, E.P.S e o coeficiente beta). Por último é feita uma análise da estatística descritiva. Os resultados confirmam que a crise afectou, de forma negativa, as rendibilidades anuais das acções da Corticeira Amorim e que os factores macroeconómicos estudados também tiveram influência não só na performance financeira da empresa como também na sua rendibilidade em bolsa.; This research work studies the effects of the subprime crisis in the annual stock returns of the company Corticeira Amorim and in its financial ratios. We do an analysis of Corticeira Amorim stock returns and also of its benchmarks...

Context is critical for recognizing environments and for searching for objects within them: contextual associations have been shown to modulate reaction time and object recognition accuracy, as well as influence the distribution of eye movements and patterns of brain activations. However, we have not yet systematically quantified the relationships between objects and their scene environments. Here I seek to fill this gap by providing descriptive statistics of object-scene relationships. A total of 48, 167 objects were hand-labeled in 3499 scenes using the LabelMe tool (Russell et al., 2008). From these data, I computed a variety of descriptive statistics at three different levels of analysis: the ensemble statistics that describe the density and spatial distribution of unnamed “things” in the scene; the bag of words level where scenes are described by the list of objects contained within them; and the structural level where the spatial distribution and relationships between the objects are measured. The utility of each level of description for scene categorization was assessed through the use of linear classifiers, and the plausibility of each level for modeling human scene categorization is discussed. Of the three levels, ensemble statistics were found to be the most informative (per feature)...

In this paper we describe all the descriptive statistic and much of statistical inference. After this theoretical framework, we try to draw a paralled between what is studied since ekementary school, and what is done graduations. We conclude with some descriptions of practical lessons that worked some basic concepts of statistical inference.; Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES;

Papua New Guinea (PNG) has implemented numerous institutional changes over the past fifteen years with the avowed aim of bringing government closer to the people, improving accountability and, by extension, local infrastructure development and service delivery. To date however, there has been little empirical evidence to establish whether these changes have impacted the provision of local infrastructure. Similarly, there is little empirical evidence revealing the main political economy factors that influence the way that resources are actually planned, spent, and impact communities at the sub-national level. This report investigates the determinants of local infrastructure projects at the ward level, the lowest level of government in PNG, to assess the impact of these institutional changes and to identify the importance of other factors, in particular local collective action. It does this through a survey covering more than 1000 households across 49 yards in nine PNG districts. It also presents descriptive statistics on the basic characteristics of the households that were surveyed...

During the early 2000s, Moldova experienced strong economic growth and poverty and inequality reductions. This paper aims at uncovering the patterns behind these poverty trends by looking at economic mobility and its associated factors in Moldova. The findings build on the synthetic panel approach and allow for a non-anonymous view of the process of poverty reduction. The data used for this country study on Moldova come from the Household Budget Survey, which is conducted on a yearly basis. The paper presents transition matrices to look at the patterns of economic mobility across selected consumption thresholds, as well as descriptive statistics and a linear probability model aimed at identifying correlates of economic mobility. The findings show that the observed poverty reductions happened with little churning, and highlight the importance of education and employment on upward economic mobility in Moldova in the 2000s, as well as the role of public and private transfers.

In der vorliegenden deskriptiven Feldstudie wird anhand einer Stichprobe von Alkoholkranken (N=91), die wegen der Alkoholabhängigkeit in der Psychiatrischen Universitätsklinik Tübingen in Behandlung waren, Entwicklung und Verlauf, sowie die Auswirkungen des Alkoholproblems dargestellt. Es wurden soziodemographische Daten, Arbeitsplatzumfeld sowie Alkoholauffälligkeiten der Betroffenen, Reaktionen des Betriebes auf das Alkoholproblem und deren Hilfestellung erfasst. Bei der erfolgten Analyse von Zusammenhängen wurden Hypothesen geprüft, wie Geschlecht und Trinkverhalten bzw. Alkoholauswirkungen, Besonderheiten am Arbeitsplatz und Entdeckung des Alkoholproblems bzw. das Trinkverhalten, Betriebsgröße und Ansprechen auf das Alkoholproblem bzw. Ansprechpartner im Betrieb und Betriebsgröße sowie Betriebsart und Initiative des Betriebs. Die Informationsermittlung erfolgte anhand eines strukturierten und standardisierten Interviewleitfadens. Die statistische Datenauswertung umfasst Häufigkeitsverteilungen, deskriptive Statistiken sowie Korrelationsberechnungen zwischen Einzelvariablen. Die nach sinnvollen Inhaltsbereichen zusammengefassten Variablen wurden anhand deskriptiver Statistiken und Korrelationen analysiert. Die Probanden waren in den verschiedensten Berufsgruppen und den unterschiedlichsten Betriebsgrößen und Betriebsarten tätig. Es konnten keine Zusammenhänge zwischen der Alkoholkrankheit...

The Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) region has seen a decade of remarkable growth and income convergence. Growth has been a key driver for reducing poverty and boosting shared prosperity. It has been debated how much of this decade of growth has been driven by policy reforms and how much was due to the favorable external conditions. While external factors were supportive and relevant, the effect of domestic policies was just as relevant for explaining LAC's recent growth performance. The emphasis of domestic policy has shifted from stabilization policies to structural policies. In addition, a benchmarking exercise reveals which policy gaps will lead to the highest potential growth-payoffs for each country and helps identify potential trade-offs. The authors analyze growth in LAC using descriptive statistics and growth econometrics. The authors use these results for explaining the pattern of growth in LAC over the last decade, for looking ahead, and to identify potential policy gaps.

The Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) region has seen a decade of remarkable growth and income convergence. Growth has been a key driver for reducing poverty and boosting shared prosperity. It has been debated how much of this decade of growth has been driven by policy reforms and how much was due to the favorable external conditions. While external factors were supportive and relevant, the effect of domestic policies was just as relevant for explaining LAC's recent growth performance. The emphasis of domestic policy has shifted from stabilization policies to structural policies. In addition, a benchmarking exercise reveals which policy gaps will lead to the highest potential growth-payoffs for each country and helps identify potential trade-offs. The authors analyze growth in LAC using descriptive statistics and growth econometrics. The authors use these results for explaining the pattern of growth in LAC over the last decade, for looking ahead, and to identify potential policy gaps.

Probability and Statistics—Selected Problems is a unique book for senior undergraduate and graduate students to fast review basic materials in Probability and Statistics. Descriptive statistics are presented first, and probability is reviewed secondly. Discrete and continuous distributions are presented. Sample and estimation with hypothesis testing are presented in the last two chapters. The solutions for proposed excises are listed for readers to references.

These lecture notes were written with the aim to provide an accessible though technically solid introduction to the logic of systematical analyses of statistical data to undergraduate and to postgraduate students, in particular in the Social Sciences and in Economics. They may also serve as a general reference for the application of quantitative--empirical research methods. In an attempt to encourage the adoption of an interdisciplinary perspective on quantitative problems arising in practice, the notes cover the four broad topics (i) descriptive statistical processing of raw data, (ii) elementary probability theory, mainly as seen from a frequentist's viewpoint, (iii) the operationalisation of one-dimensional latent statistical variables according to Likert's widely used scaling approach, and (iv) the standard statistical tests of hypotheses concerning (a) distributional differences of variables between subgroups of a target population, and (b) statistical associations between two variables. The lecture notes are fully hyperlinked, thus providing a direct route to original scientific papers as well as to interesting biographical information. They also list many commands for activating statistical functions and data analysis routines in the software packages SPSS...

Hay esbozos seg\'un los cuales las probabilidades se cuentan como la fundaci\'on de la teor\'i a matem\'atica de las estad\'isticas. Mas la significaci\'on f\'isica de las probabilidades matem\'aticas son oscuros, muy poco entendidos. Parec\'i era mejor que las probabilidades f\'isicas se fundaran en las estad\'isticas descriptivas de datos fisicales. Se trata una teor\'i a que as\'i responde a una cuestiona de Hilbert propuesta en su Problema N\'umero Seis, la axiomatizaci\'on de la F\'isica. Esta est\'a basada en las auto-correlaci\'ones de los series temporales. Casi todas las funciones de auto-correlaci\'on de las trayector\'i as de un sistema din\'amico lineal (con un n\'umero de grados de libertad bastante grande) son todas aproximadamente iguales, no importan las condiciones iniciales, a\'un si el sistema no sea erg\'odico, como conjetur\'o Khintchine en 1943. Usually, the theory of probability has been made the foundation for the theory of statistics. But the physical significance of the concept of probability is problematic, with no consensus. It would seem better to make the descriptive statistics of physical data the foundations of physical probability. This will answer a question posed by Hilbert in his Sixth Problem...

In recent years there have been many proposed methods for phylogenetic classification of viruses. Performing these classifications in a timely manner is of interest to researchers and public health authorities. While multiple sequence alignment (MSA) remains the tool of choice for practitioners, alignment-free methods have gained popularity due to their substantial increases in speed and decreases in computational resources. Pairwise sequence alignment (PASC) is a middle-ground between the preceding two. We present a new family of alignment-free vectorizations of the genome, the generalized vector (GV), that maintains the speed of existing alignment-free methods and incorporates some of the interpretability of sequence alignment. This new alignment-free vectorization uses the frequency of genomic words (k-mers), as is done in the composition vector, and incorporates descriptive statistics of those k-mers' positional information, as inspired by the natural vector. We analyze 5 different characterizations of genome similarity using $k$-nearest neighbor classification, and evaluate these on two collections of viruses totalling over 10,000 viruses. We show that our proposed method performs better than, or at least as well as, other methods at every level of the phylogenetic hierarchy. The data and R code is available upon request.; Comment: 14 pages...

We compute the stationary in-degree probability, $P_{in}(k)$, for a growing network model with directed edges and arbitrary out-degree probability. In particular, under preferential linking, we find that if the nodes have a light tail (finite variance) out-degree distribution, then the corresponding in-degree one behaves as $k^{-3}$. Moreover, for an out-degree distribution with a scale invariant tail, $P_{out}(k)\sim k^{-\alpha}$, the corresponding in-degree distribution has exactly the same asymptotic behavior only if $2<\alpha<3$ (infinite variance). Similar results are obtained when attractiveness is included. We also present some results on descriptive statistics measures %descriptive statistics such as the correlation between the number of in-going links, $D_{in}$, and outgoing links, $D_{out}$, and the conditional expectation of $D_{in}$ given $D_{out}$, and we calculate these measures for the WWW network. Finally, we present an application to the scientific publications network. The results presented here can explain the tail behavior of in/out-degree distribution observed in many real networks.; Comment: 12 pages, 6 figures, v2 adds a section on descriptive statistics, an analisis on www network, typos added

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the various uses of descriptive statistical analysis in statistical process control (SPC). Some fairly well-known descriptive techniques, along with the lesser known methods, will be discussed for their potential use in SPC. A numerical example will be provided.

The purpose of the present study was to verify the pattern of use of statistics in scientific articles published in national journals of the Physical Education area. Thus, all articles published in the 2009-2011triennium of the Physical Education journals stratified at B2 or higher in the current QUALIS CAPES (Field 21) were analyzed. The bibliographic search found 872 articles in the five journals selected, which were classified into no statistics, descriptive statistics and analytical statistics. For the analysis, descriptive statistics was performed and the 95% confidence interval to compare the difference between the proportions and, when necessary, the chi-square test and Logistic Regression. There was a lower proportion of articles with descriptive analysis (7.1%, 95%CI=5.4%-8.8%) compared with those with no statistics (46.3%, 95%CI=42.9%-49.6%) and analytical statistics (46.6%, 95%CI=43.2%-49.9%). The pattern of use of statistical procedures ranged among the five scientific journals and across fields of concentration (Health, Sport, Leisure, Education and Others). The proportion of articles which did not meet the basic assumptions for the use of parametric test was 43.3%. This proportion was not significantly different over the three years analyzed...

The aim of this study is to analyze the use of statistical methods in science. After literature search, data were tabulated to allow a quantitative analysis, in order to describe the characteristics of the sample. We analyzed reports submitted to Congress ANPCONT, Congress USP Controlling and Accounting and in the EnANPAD. The sample consists of 299 articles, from 2007 to 2009, the thematic area “Accounting for external users”. It was observed that: over 50% of articles used statistical approach, the incidence of this approach has increased over the years, 11 different types of statistical methods were employed, highlighting the statistical inference, regression analysis and descriptive statistics; and universities in the Southeast were the most contributed articles containing this approach, highlighting the USP and FUCAPE. The aim is, thus, to contribute to the dissemination of statistical models and encourage researchers to deal with technical yet little explored.; O objetivo deste estudo é analisar o emprego da metodologia estatística nos trabalhos científicos. Após pes­quisa bibliográ.ca, os dados foram tabulados para permitir uma análise quantitativa, visando descrever as características da amostra. Foram analisados artigos apresentados no Congresso ANPCONT...