Planos de emergência bem sucedidos devem ser funcionais, realistas, amigos do utilizador e inteligíveis. Este estudo descritivo tem como objetivo analisar a implementação de Medidas de Autoproteção (que passou a ser obrigatória, em Portugal, desde 2009) durante um período de cinco anos, num grande complexo escolar ocupado por 500 funcionários e 3000 crianças/alunos. Este estabelecimento de ensino consiste em vários edifícios desde a creche ao ensino secundário e está classificado numa categoria de risco de incêndio muito elevada. Desde 2009 até 2012 foram realizadas sessões de formação destinadas aos alunos e funcionários, bem como ações de formação sobre combate a incêndios e evacuação para as equipas de segurança. Como os exercícios de evacuação são cruciais para testar o plano de emergência e familiarizar o pessoal com as tarefas, todos os anos são realizados Simulacros de Incêndio. A fim de avaliar a sua eficácia foram recolhidos dados através de observação não participante, fotos e vídeos. A gestão de emergência neste estabelecimento escolar evidenciou ir para além das exigências legais e, ao dar um bom exemplo, tanto na escola como na comunidade, contribuiu para aumentar a segurança dos alunos e das suas famílias. / Successful emergency plans must be functional...

A superlotação de serviços de emergência é problema sério e de grande relevância do sistema de saúde, não sendo restrito ao nosso meio. Os estudos que enfocam esse tema vêm tomando proporções na literatura internacional. O que se vem vivenciando há mais de uma década são prontos socorros lotados devido a um deslocamento da população em direção a estes serviços, configurando-os como prestadores de atenção primária de assistência à saúde e, não de fato, destinados ao atendimento de emergências. O principal objetivo do estudo foi recompor a trajetória do usuário do serviço de saúde até a chegada à unidade de emergência de um hospital terciário do município, qualificando-o segundo as razões de escolha de atendimento e caracterizando seu perfil socioeconômico e demográfico. Este estudo de corte transversal se restringiu à análise da demanda espontânea do Pronto Socorro de Emergências Clínicas do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade de São Paulo. Foram entrevistados todos os usuários que procuraram este serviço durante uma semana típica. Dos pacientes entrevistados, foram incluídos no estudo 881 pacientes, o que representou 93,1% do total. Realizada a análise estatística univariada, seguida pela construção de um modelo de regressão logística...

Trabalho de Conclusão do Curso de Biblioteconomia constituído por uma revisão de literatura combinada à pesquisa qualitativa sobre prevenção contra incêndios em acervos de bibliotecas. Descreve grandes incêndios que permearam a história das bibliotecas e a destruição de seus acervos. Apresenta os diferentes métodos de controle de incêndio disponíveis no mercado referentes a bibliotecas: Inergen, sprinklers, misting, extintores de incêndio, mangueiras de água, dry riser, controle de fumaça e compartimentação. Aponta a importância da elaboração de um plano de emergência. A metodologia proposta para o estudo consistiu no envio de questionários às bibliotecas selecionadas pela autora. Os questionários respondidos foram avaliados a fim de identificar o método de segurança contra incêndio mais utilizado pelas bibliotecas pesquisadas. Expõe a opinião de especialistas consultados acerca dos sistemas de supressão. Apresenta as mensagens de maior relevância postadas em uma lista de discussão da área da preservação. Considera sprinklers e compartimentação os métodos mais apropriados ao ambiente das bibliotecas.; Monograph for the Course of Librarianship, constituted by a literature research combined with a qualitative research regarding the prevention against fires in holdings of libraries. Describes great fires that permeated the history of libraries and the destruction of its holdings. Presents the different methods of fire control available in the market concerning libraries: Inergen...

Segundo dados da Agência Nacional do Petróleo, em todo Brasil foram comercializados, durante o ano de 2008, 5.202.965 metros cúbicos de combustíveis líquidos veiculares. Levandose em consideração o grande número de postos revendedores de combustíveis existentes no Brasil e sua localização, muitas vezes, em regiões intensamente povoadas, aliada ao grau de impacto da atividade à saúde humana e ao meio ambiente, é de fundamental importância a realização de avaliações das condições construtivas, de manutenção e de operação das instalações. Os riscos relacionados com as atividades de armazenamento e comercialização de combustíveis líquidos inflamáveis devem ser identificados, avaliados e gerenciados de modo a evitar ocorrências indesejáveis e/ou assegurar a minimização de seus efeitos e conseqüências. Dentro deste contexto, torna-se imprescindível o adequado treinamento e conscientização dos trabalhadores envolvidos diretamente nas atividades de risco. Este trabalho trata de uma pesquisa exploratória realizada em postos de combustíveis na cidade de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. A finalidade deste estudo foi investigar as condições de treinamento e capacitação dos trabalhadores de postos revendedores de combustíveis. Além da revisão bibliográfica a respeito de temas referentes à segurança em postos revendedores de combustíveis...

Dissertação de Mestrado em Ambiente, Saúde e Segurança.; O presente trabalho consiste na elaboração de um Plano de Emergência Interno para o Lar de Idosos da Levada da Santa Casa da Misericórdia de Ponta Delgada. A sua base de orientação fundamenta-se na legislação específica, da qual fazem parte o Decreto-Lei n.º 220/2008, de 12 de novembro, e respetivo Regulamento Técnico constante na Portaria n.º 1532/2008, de 29 de Dezembro cuja entrada em vigor se reporta a 1 de janeiro de 2009. Com a aplicabilidade deste novo regime jurídico, designadamente no que se refere à Organização e Gestão da Segurança contra o Risco de Incêndio e Emergência, pretende-se fazer face a algumas situações de risco em edifícios, nomeadamente em instituições de apoio à terceira idade, como a que aqui se apresenta, onde o risco de incêndio é considerado uma permanente ameaça, tal como é referido pela Autoridade Nacional de Proteção Civil num dos seus cadernos Técnicos (Caderno 4). De facto, em edifícios onde a maior parte dos ocupantes são pessoas idosas e com algumas incapacidades, nomeadamente na mobilidade, torna-se de extrema importância assegurar todos os recursos considerados imprescindíveis, para uma atuação rápida em caso de acidente e sobretudo definir as mais eficazes medidas de prevenção. Efetivamente o Plano de Emergência Interno elaborado neste trabalho pretende principalmente ser uma ferramenta que permita aos utilizadores saber quais os riscos associados à instituição em causa e como atuar na presença dos mesmos. Neste sentido...

The Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza (LPAI) H5N2 virus was detected in the Dominican Republic (DR) late last year, causing a serious disruption in sub-regional trade, poultry production, and food security. In collaboration with the World Bank, the DR Secretariat of state for agriculture organized a workshop to share regional knowledge on preparedness for emergency actions to deal with avian flu. This note captures interesting themes from the workshop.

Communities around the world are faced with natural hazards-extreme environmental events such as floods, cyclones, earthquakes, fires, and tsunamis. For some communities, these natural hazards turn into disasters, resulting in tremendous losses and injuries for students, school staff and families. However, by taking preventative measures before hazard impact, and learning preparedness and response, a culture of safety can be fostered. Communities can reduce and even eliminate such losses. This handbook is aimed at administrators, teachers, support staff, and other individuals involved in emergency and disaster preparedness at schools. It seeks to: 1) guide administrators and staff in assessing risks and planning and carrying out physical protection measures; 2) develop skills and provisions for disaster and emergency preparedness, response, and rapid recovery; and 3) support schools in developing disaster and emergency plans specific to their local needs and reflecting good practices internationally and nationally.

BACKGROUND---A small proportion of patients with asthma account for a disproportionate number of acute health service events. To identify whether factors other than severity and low socioeconomic status were associated with this disproportionate use, a prospective study was undertaken to examine management and psychosocial factors associated with increased risk for admission to hospital with asthma and repeat visits to the emergency department over a 12 month period. METHODS---A total of 293 patients with moderate or severe asthma managed at least in part at two teaching hospitals completed surveys of clinical status, acute events, sociodemographic, and psychological variables. RESULTS---Twenty three percent had a single admission to hospital and 16% had two or more hospital admissions. Twenty six percent had one emergency department visit and 32% had two or more visits to the emergency department. In a multiple logistic regression model, adjusted for age, sex, education and income, odds ratios (95% CI) for baseline factors associated with hospital admissions over the next 12 months were: moderate severity compared with severe asthma 0.6 (0.2 to 0.9); no hospital admissions in the past 12 months 0.1 (0.01 to 0.2); not possessing a written asthma action plan 4.0 (1.5 to 10.7); less use of an avoidance coping style 0.4 (0.3 to 0.7); lower preferences for autonomy in asthma management decisions 1.4 (0.96 to 2.0). Adjusted odds ratios (95% CI) for repeat emergency department visits were: moderate asthma severity 0.3 (0.1 to 0.8); current regular use of oral corticosteroids 10.0 (3.1 to 32.4); a hospital admission in the past 12 months 2.9 (1.8 to 4.8); not possessing a written asthma action plan 2.2 (1.1 to 5.6); less dislike of asthma medications 0.7 (0.5 to 0.9). CONCLUSIONS---In addition to factors relating to severity...

The aims of this document are to provide guidance in the development of a Preventive Action Plan and a collection of best available practices to provide assistance in the design of Emergency Plans, in line with EU Regulation 994/2010 concerning measures to safeguard natural gas supply.; JRC.F.3-Energy security

Recently, the world has been affected by man-made and natural disasters of a level not shown before which depicts the importance of communication for an efficient and rapid response of First Responder Community (FRC) members in the field. The resilience of communication infrastructure is vital for the well being of any country. It is essential to build a robust and interoperable Information and Communication Technology (ICT) infrastructure before the disaster, which will facilitate patch/restore/reconstruct it when and after the disaster hits. Overviews for most ICT standards currently available are introduced. This background is needed for any emergency communication interoperability plan. Training is very important so that staffs will be ready when needed to implement the emergency plans. Exercises such as Strong Angel III (SAIII) are always the best approach to explore different ICT systems and these systems resilience in the case of disaster in the context of power, range, and interoperability. The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (Jordan) may benefit from studying the U.S's experience in emergency communications and may consider modifying its communications interoperability plans and improve its infrastructure to enhance readiness for disasters. The author explored Jordan's current emergency communications interoperability plans...

Ningbo serves as the Chinese pilot city for the World Bank Climate Resilient Cities (CRC) Program. The CRC program aims to, prepare local governments in the East Asia region to better understand the concepts and consequences of climate change; how climate change consequences contribute to urban vulnerabilities; and what is being done by city governments in East Asia and around the world to actively engage in learning capacity building, and capital investment programs for building sustainable, resilient communities. This local resilience action plan (LRAP) had four parts. Part one investigated natural hazards weather observations and climate models. Seven key climatic parameters were selected: temperature, rainfall, drought, heat wave, flood, tropical cyclone, and sea level rise. Part two examined how the city functions, and pursues socio-economic development through a city vulnerability assessment. The qualitative, city vulnerability assessment was based on five sectors- people, infrastructure, environment...

This study focuses on the biological risk in the daily work of professional nursing staff entered in the medication system in areas of emergency care. The goal was to evaluate the biological risk for professionals in the nursing staff who work in the preparation and administration of medicines, and to clients, of emergency services of large public hospitals, of the city of Goiania GO. And the specifics were: to describe the physical structure, material´s and human´s resources in the units of preparation and administration of medicines in areas of emergency care in large public hospitals, in Goiânia-GO, to identify risk´s behaviors (considered when the call to a standard precaution is not met) related to exposure to biological material for the professional nursing staff who work in the preparation and administration of medicines and to customers in emergency services and the emergence of large public hospitals, in Goiânia-GO, to characterizing accidents with biological material among health nursing staff who act in the preparation and administration of drugs in emergency rooms of large public hospitals, of the city of Goiânia-GO and to identify the biosafety´s measures adopted by professional nursing staff, who act in the preparation and administration of drugs in emergency rooms of large public...

Relatório de Trabalho de Projeto apresentado para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Enfermagem Médico-Cirúrgica; O presente relatório reflete o processo de aquisição de competências de Mestre durante o curso (e respetivos estágios), com o intuito da obtenção do grau de Mestre em Enfermagem Médico-Cirúrgica. Através da metodologia de projeto, desenvolvemos as competências comuns e específicas do Enfermeiro Especialista em Enfermagem Médico-Cirúrgica, designadamente em Enfermagem em Pessoa em Situação Crítica. De salientar que nos estágios foram desenvolvidos dois projetos: Projeto de Intervenção no Serviço e Projeto de Aprendizagem Clínica. A prestação de cuidados em ambiente complexo obriga o enfermeiro a ter uma preparação ajustada às diversas situações. É essencial a criação de ambientes que potenciem o bem estar e que sejam ambientes verdadeiramente seguros. O enfermeiro é um dos pilares fundamentais à prevenção e controlo de infeções nos serviços de saúde. O Projeto de Intervenção em Serviço desenvolveu-se numa Comissão de Controlo de Infeção de um Hospital. Constatada a elevada taxa de incidência de infeções urinárias em doentes internados no serviço de cirurgia e especialidades cirúrgicas...

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the current work distribution of health professionals from a public Ugandan medical school in a period of major donor funding for HIV programmes. We explore the hypothesis that programmes initiated under unprecedented health investments from the US President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief have possibly facilitated the drain of healthcare workers from the public-health system of countries like Uganda. Design: Cross-sectional study conducted between January and December 2010 to survey graduates, using in-person, phone or online surveys using email and social networks. Logistic regression analysis was applied to determine ORs for association between predictors and outcomes. Setting: Located rurally, Mbarara University of Science and Technology (MUST) is one of three government supported medical schools in Uganda. Participants: Graduates who completed a health-related degree at MUST. Main outcome measure Location of health profession graduates (Uganda or abroad) and main field of current job (HIV-related non-governmental organisation (NGO) or others). Results: We interviewed 85.4% (n=796) of all MUST alumni since the university opened in 1989. 78% (n=618) were physicians and 12% (n=94) of graduates worked outside Uganda. Over 50% (n=383) of graduates worked for an HIV-related NGO whether in Uganda or abroad. Graduates receiving their degree after 2005...

Background. There are limited data measuring the impact of expanded human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention activities on the tuberculosis epidemic at the country level. Here, we characterized the potential impact of the US President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) on the tuberculosis epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa.

In the last thirty years, the discipline of International Relations has witnessed a shift of analytical scope from the conventional world of states towards populationand social forces-related concerns. According to major scholarship, this occurs as a result of interrelated processes of economic globalisation, United States hegemony and emergence of the human security paradigm among Western policy circles. However, this assumption has entailed problems to the research of human agency in the actual practice of international affairs, since Western hegemony is arguably entrenched in the international system to the point of “hijacking” sovereign states, as suggested by Oliver Richmond, particularly in the developing world. Focusing its analysis on states, this dissertation sets out to argue that, rather than essentialised in the hegemonic structure, postcolonial states, notably in Africa, hold agency. When interacting with the leading international powers, and even if highly constrained by external policies and actions, they act with autonomy by identifying their own policy problems, defining strategies and seeking political goals. States’ agency is influenced by three independent variables: the broader realm of foreign policy relations maintained with international actors (public and private)...

Over the last century, the concepts of emergency management and disaster planning have evolved and shifted from reactionary and event-based to precautionary and focused on all hazards. The existence of an emergency management program in jurisdictions such as cities and towns has become necessary for the protection of lives and property from natural and human-caused hazards. Recent disasters, such as the events of September 11, 2001, Hurricane Katrina, and the Virginia Tech shootings, have emphasized the need for disaster planning not only in cities and towns, but also at universities and colleges across the country. Implementing an emergency management and disaster planning structure and instilling a disaster resistant culture throughout a campus community has become important to maintaining the mission, vision, and essential functions of a university. The University of North Carolina Wilmington (UNCW), located on the coast of Southeastern North Carolina, is vulnerable to a multitude of hazards including hurricanes and severe weather, technological disasters such as power outages and hazardous materials spills, and acts of violence. UNCW’s location and status as an institute of higher education create vulnerabilities for the university that could threaten its property and the members of its community. Therefore...

This paper examines the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief’s (PEPFAR) effect on national policy change in fifteen recipient countries. It looks at three policies across these countries: abstinence, be faithful, use condoms; anti-prostitution pledge; and men who have sex with men. Countries are most likely to make a policy change when the policy is explicitly stated in PEPFAR and implemented by the national government. In Uganda, strong leadership by President Museveni led to policy change toward American preferences, despite an existing and successful national HIV/AIDS plan. In Kenya, the newly elected President Kibaki implemented PEPFAR policy priorities and used the ensuing funding to establish himself as a leader in the fight against HIV/AIDS. In both cases, the countries shifted towards American preferences because the policies in question were implemented on a national level and explicitly required by PEPFAR.; Honors Thesis

Improvisation is a significant feature of every disaster, and Tierney (2002) has argued that, if an event doesn’t require improvisation, it is probably not a disaster. Improvisation has had something of a checkered history in the emergency management field since its appearance in a disaster response seems to suggest a failure to plan for a particular contingency. Even scholars who have recognized the value of this capacity have tended to subordinate it to planning. Thus improvisation occupies a somewhat conflicted space in the realm of emergency and crisis management capacities: we plan in detail so that we don’t have to improvise, knowing that we will have to improvise. This paper discusses emerging understandings of improvisation in emergency management and their relationship to planning as well as to other such noted disaster phenomena as emergence, or the appearance of new groups of people organized to meet disaster-related needs. We reconsider the suggestion that improvisation must be positioned with respect to planning in such a way that it somehow seems to be the weak link, or an indication of some failure or dysfunction. We argue that improvisation is a distinct capacity that individuals and groups employ, and that while planning encompasses the normative “what ought to be done...

This paper explains the methodology and criteria used in the development of a new tool for the management of a safeguard plan for historic buildings in Avila, which is a Spanish World Heritage City. As a result of a first approximation, there are many requirements to take into account: completeness, interactivity, ease of use, modularity, and low costs. Due to the characteristics of the information (spatially located, heterogenic, and provided in different formats) we consider it indispensable to create a spatial information system that is qualified for organizing all available multimedia digital information (2-D images, panoramas, graphics, text documents, and music). While the main objective of this study is to provide a simple tool for the management of historic and artistic heritage in the form of a safeguard plan, the features of the tool created here open up new possibilities for other uses in the future.