Final working paper, submitted to Office of Data Policy, Federal Energy Administration in connection with A Study of information systems to provide leading indicators of energy sufficiency, (FEA Contract no. 14-01-001-2040).

Prepared in association with Center for International Studies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Grant #E(49-18)-2295, Task Order No.2, from the Energy Research and Development Administration

This report examines the issues associated with government programs proposed for the "commercialization" of new energy technologies; these programs are intended to hasten the pace at which target technologies are adopted by the private sector. The "commercial demonstration" is the principal tool used in these programs. Most previous government interventions in support of technological change have focussed on R&D and left to the private sector the decision as to adoption for commercial utilization; thus there is relatively little in the way of analysis or experience which bears direct application. The analysis is divided into four sections. First, the role of R,D&D within the structure of the national energy goals and policies is examined. The issue or "prices versus gaps" is described as a crucial difference of viewpoint concerning the role of the government in the future of the energy system. Second, the process of technological change as it occurs with respect to energy technologies is then examined for possible sources of misaligment or social and private incentives. The process is described as a series of investments. Third, correction of these sources of misalignment then becomes the goal of commercial demonstration programs as this goal and the means for attaining it are explored. Government-supported commercialization may be viewed as a subsidy to the introduction stage of the process; the circumstances under which such subsidies are likely to affect the success of the subsequent diffusion stage are addressed. The discussion then turns to the political...

Prepared for the U.S. Dept. of Energy under Contract no. EX-76-A-01-2295, Task order 37.

Sponsored by the M.I.T. Center for Energy Policy Research.

In declaring 2012 the international year of sustainable energy for all, the United Nations (UN) general assembly (2011) established at the personal initiative of the UN secretary general- three global objectives to be accomplished by 2030. Those goals are to ensure universal access to modern energy services (including electricity and clean, modern cooking solutions), to double the global rate of improvement in energy efficiency, and to double the share of renewable energy in the global energy mix. Some 70 countries have formally embraced the Sustainable Energy for All (SE4ALL) initiative, while numerous corporations and agencies have pledged tens of billions of dollars to achieve its objectives. As 2012 drew to a close, the UN general assembly announced a decade of sustainable energy for all stretching from 2014 to 2024. Sustaining momentum for the achievement of the SE4ALL objectives will require a means of charting global progress over the years leading to 2030. Construction of the necessary framework has been coordinated by the World Bank and Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP) and the International Energy Agency (IEA)...

(Bibliography) Includes bibliographical references.; October 1978 through March 1979.; National solar data program.; National solar heating and cooling program.; IBM Corporation.; Prepared for Department of Energy, Office of Assistant Secretary for Conservation and Solar Applications under contract EG-77-C-01-4049.; On cover: M. F. Smith Associates single-family residence, Jamestown, Rhode Island.; MONTHLY CATALOG NUMBER: gp 80007773; (Statement of Responsibility) Donald C. Fontaine.

(Bibliography) Includes bibliographical references.; September 1978 through March 1979.; National solar data program.; National solar heating and cooling demonstration program.; IBM Corporation.; Prepared for Department of Energy, Office of Assistant Secretary for Conservation and Solar Applications under contract EG-77-C-01-4049.; On cover: Chester West single-family residence, Huntsville, Alabama.; MONTHLY CATALOG NUMBER: gp 80007750; (Statement of Responsibility) Norman M. Labbe.

(Bibliography) Includes bibliographical references.; On cover: Zien Mechanical Contractors No. 1 single-family residence, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.; IBM Corporation.; Prepared for the Dept. of Energy, Office of Assistant Secretary for Conservation and Solar Application, under contract EG-77-C-01-4049.; National solar heating and cooling demonstration program.; National solar data program.; October 1978 through March 1979.; (Statement of Responsibility) Carl L. Werner.

(Bibliography) Includes bibliographical references.; May 1978 through April 1979.; National solar data program.; National solar heating and cooling demonstration program.; IBM Corporation.; Prepared for Department of Energy, Office of Assistant Secretary for Conservation and Solar Applications, under contract EG-77-C-01-4049.; Cover title: Hullco Construction Company, single family residence, Prescott, Arizona.; MONTHLY CATALOG NUMBER: gp 80007763; (Statement of Responsibility) Michael W. Weston.

(Bibliography) Includes bibliographical references.; National solar data program.; National solar heating and cooling demonstration program.; IBM Corporation.; Prepared for Department of Energy, Office of Assistant Secretary for Conservation and Solar Applications under contract EG-77-C-01-4049.; On cover: Living systems single-family residence, Davis, California.; MONTHLY CATALOG NUMBER: gp 80007768; (Statement of Responsibility) I. Gray Kinnie.

(Bibliography) Includes bibliography.; National solar data program.; National solar heating and cooling demonstration program.; IBM Corporation.; Prepared for Department of Energy, Office of Assistant Secretary for Conservation and Solar Application, under contract EG-77-C-01-4049.; Cover title: Washington Natural Gas Co. single-family residence, Kirkland, Washington.; MONTHLY CATALOG NUMBER: gp 80018468; (Statement of Responsibility) Clyde D. Messerly.

(Bibliography) Includes bibliography.; October 1978 through March 1979.; National solar data program.; National solar heating and cooling demonstration program.; IBM Corporation.; Prepared for Department of Energy, Office of Assistant Secretary for Conservation and Solar Applications, under contract EG-77-C-01-4049.; Cover title: Albuquerque Western apartment building, Albuquerque, New Mexico.; MONTHLY CATALOG NUMBER: gp 80007709; (Statement of Responsibility) C. Mark Fu.

(Bibliography) Includes bibliographical references.; October 1978 through March 1979.; National solar data program.; National solar heating and cooling demonstration program.; IBM Corporation.; Prepared for Dept. of Energy Office of Assistant Secretary for Conservation and Solar Applications under contract EG-77-C-01-4049.; On cover: Ortiz & Reill Developers, Inc., lot 8 single-family residence, Escondido, California.; MONTHLY CATALOG NUMBER: gp 80007783; (Statement of Responsibility) Donald C. Fontaine.

(Bibliography) Includes bibliographical references.; November 1978 through March 1979.; National solar data program.; National solar heating and cooling demonstration program.; IBM Corporation.; Prepared for Department of Energy, Office of Assistant Secretary for Conservation and Solar Applications under contract EG-77-C-01-4049.; On cover: Montecito Pines apartment complex, Santa Rosa, California.; MONTHLY CATALOG NUMBER: gp 80007767; (Statement of Responsibility) James E. Hughes.

(Bibliography) Includes bibliographical references.; November 1978 through March 1979.; National solar data program.; National solar heating and cooling demonstration program.; IBM Corporation.; Prepared for Department of Energy, Office of Assistant Secretary for Conservation and Solar Applications under contract EG-77-C-01-4049.; On cover: Stewart-Teele-Mitchell single-family residence, Malta, New York.; MONTHLY CATALOG NUMBER: gp 80007735; (Statement of Responsibility) James E. Hughes.

(Bibliography) Includes bibliographical references.; November 1978 through May 1979.; National solar data program.; National solar heating and cooling demonstration program.; IBM Corporation.; Prepared for Department of Energy, Office of Assistant Secretary for Conservation and Solar Applications, under contract EG-77-C-01-4049.; MONTHLY CATALOG NUMBER: gp 80007770; (Statement of Responsibility) Michael W. Weston.

(Bibliography) Includes bibliographical references.; November 1978 through March 1979.; National solar data program.; National solar heating and cooling demonstration program.; IBM Corporation.; Prepared for Department of Energy, Office of Assistant Secretary for Conservation and Solar Applications, under contract EG-77-C-01-4049.; MONTHLY CATALOG NUMBER: gp 80007825; (Statement of Responsibility) Henry T. Smith.

(Bibliography) Includes bibliographical references.; October 1978 through March 1979.; National solar data program.; National solar heating and cooling demonstration program.; IBM Corporation.; Prepared for Department of Energy, Office of Assistant Secretary for Conservation and Solar Applications under contract EG-77-C-01-4049.; MONTHLY CATALOG NUMBER: gp 80007818; On cover: El Camino Real Elementary School, Irvine, California.; (Statement of Responsibility) Henry T. Smith, Science Associates, Inc.

"SOLAR/2003-78/14" ; "SOLAR/2003-79/14."; Prepared for Department of Energy, Office of Assistant Secretary for Conservation and Solar Applications under contract EG-77-C-01-4049.; IBM Corporation.; National solar heating and cooling demonstration program.; National solar data program.; Includes bibliographical references.; Monthly Catalog Number: gp 80007789; (Statement of Responsibility) Kenneth L. Shenfish.