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- Biblioteca Digitais de Teses e Dissertações da USP
- Universidade do Minho
- Trans Tech Publications
- Wydawnictwo UWM (University of Warmia and Mazury)
- Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Harvard Kennedy School
- World Bank, Washington, DC
- Washington, DC
- Universidade de Adelaide
- World Bank Group, Washington, DC
- World Bank
- Universidade Duke
- Mais Publicadores...
‣ Demanda de energia na indústria brasileira: efeitos da eficiência energética; Energy demand of brazilian industry: effects of energy efficiency
Fonte: Biblioteca Digitais de Teses e Dissertações da USP
Publicador: Biblioteca Digitais de Teses e Dissertações da USP
Tipo: Tese de Doutorado
Formato: application/pdf
Publicado em 09/03/2012
Português
Relevância na Pesquisa
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#Demana de energia industrial#Efeito intensidade#Eficiência energética#Energy efficiency#Industrial energy demand - Brazil#Intensity effect
A conservação de energia, mais precisamente a eficiência energética, vem ganhando importância nos últimos anos no Brasil e no mundo em função dos impactos ambientais que o uso intensivo de energia gera ao meio ambiente e pelo fato de a oferta de energia, principalmente as derivadas de fontes não renováveis, estar se tornando cada vez mais escassa. Estudos que abordam os impactos que os ganhos de eficiência podem gerar em termos de custos e na conservação de energia e, por conseguinte, na diminuição dos efeitos da atividade industrial no meio ambiente vem ganhando importância. Este trabalho teve como motivação principal determinar o impacto da Eficiência Energética na demanda de energia da indústria brasileira. Para isso utilizaram-se duas metodologias complementares para dissertar a respeito do tema. Primeiramente, a intensidade energética foi decomposta em dois efeitos distintos, Efeito Intensidade e Efeito Estrutural. Os resultados encontrados sugerem que o Efeito Intensidade foi o principal responsável pela perda de Eficiência no consumo de energia pela indústria. Como o Efeito Intensidade é uma importante proxy para a Eficiência Energética, buscou-se determinar o impacto desta no consumo de energia pela industria brasileira. Outras variáveis também foram utilizadas para compor a função de demanda de energia...
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‣ Embodied energy versus operational energy : showing the shortcomings of the energy performance building directive (EPBD)
Fonte: Universidade do Minho
Publicador: Universidade do Minho
Tipo: Conferência ou Objeto de Conferência
Publicado em 19/04/2011
Português
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Energy is a key issue for Portugal, it is responsible for the higher part of its imports and since almost 30% of Portuguese energy is generated in power stations it is also responsible for high CO2 emissions. Between 1995 and 2005 Portuguese GNP rise 28%, however the imported energy in
the same period increased 400%, from 1500 million to 5500 million dollars. As to the period between 2005 and 2007 the energy imports reach about 10,000 million dollars. Although recent and strong investments in renewable energy, Portugal continue to import energy and fossil fuels. This question is very relevant since a major part of the energy produced in Portugal is generated in power plants thus emitting greenhouse gases (GHGs). Therefore, investigations that could minimize energy use are needed.This paper presents a case study of a 97 apartment-type building (27.647 m2) located in Portugal,concerning both embodied energy as well as operational energy (heating, hot water, electricity). The operational energy was an average of 187,2 MJ/m2/yr and the embodied energy accounts for aprox.
2372 MJ/m2, representing just 25,3% of the former for a service life of 50 years. Since Portuguese energy efficiency building regulation made under the Energy Performance Building Directive
(2002/91/EC-EPBD) will lead to a major decrease of operational energy this means that the energy required for the manufacturing of building materials could represent in a near future almost 400%
of operational energy. Replacement up to 75% of Portland cement with mineral admixtures could allow energy savings needed to operate a very high efficient 97 apartment-type building during 50 years.
Link permanente para citações:
‣ Embodied energy versus operational energy. Showing the shortcomings of the energy performance building directive (EPBD)
Fonte: Trans Tech Publications
Publicador: Trans Tech Publications
Tipo: Artigo de Revista Científica
Publicado em //2013
Português
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Energy is a key issue for Portugal, it is responsible for the higher part of its imports and
since almost 30% of Portuguese energy is generated in power stations it is also responsible for high
CO2 emissions. Between 1995 and 2005 Portuguese GNP rise 28%, however the imported energy in
the same period increased 400%, from 1500 million to 5500 million dollars. As to the period
between 2005 and 2007 the energy imports reach about 10,000 million dollars. Although recent and
strong investments in renewable energy, Portugal continue to import energy and fossil fuels. This
question is very relevant since a major part of the energy produced in Portugal is generated in
power plants thus emitting greenhouse gases (GHGs). Therefore, investigations that could minimize
energy use are needed.
This paper presents a case study of a 97 apartment-type building (27.647 m2) located in Portugal,
concerning both embodied energy as well as operational energy (heating, hot water, electricity). The
operational energy was an average of 187,2 MJ/m2/yr and the embodied energy accounts for aprox.
2372 MJ/m2, representing just 25,3% of the former for a service life of 50 years. Since Portuguese
energy efficiency building regulation made under the Energy Performance Building Directive
(2002/91/EC-EPBD) will lead to a major decrease of operational energy this means that the energy
required for the manufacturing of building materials could represent in a near future almost 400%
of operational energy. Replacement up to 75% of Portland cement with mineral admixtures could
allow energy savings needed to operate a very high efficient 97 apartment-type building during 50
years.
Link permanente para citações:
‣ Dzialania energooszczedne w rolnictwie (Energy saving measures in agriculture)
Fonte: Wydawnictwo UWM (University of Warmia and Mazury)
Publicador: Wydawnictwo UWM (University of Warmia and Mazury)
Tipo: Parte de Livro
Português
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#energy efficiency#energy savings#AGREE#greenhouse gas emissions#production systems#livestock production
The reduction of energy inputs in agricultural production is a process of practical implementation of a set of energy saving (ES) measures associated with a given type of production, farm infrastructure and managerial or organizational activities. In six national reports from Finland, Germany, Greece, the Netherlands, Poland and Portugal for 13 subsectors of agriculture, 481 ES measures in total were identified and classified into seven categories: 1) type of energy input: indirect, direct; 2) type of ES measure: operational level, systems level, process monitoring, farm management, market orientation, capital goods; 3) importance: from 1-low to 5-high; 4) R&D: yes, no; 5) potential of the measure: achievable at present or not immediately ready for implementation; 6) indication of an investment cost: from €1000 to over €1000000; 7) estimated payback time: from 1 to over 5 years. The general conclusions from the analysis are as follows.ES measures refer to the reduction of main energy inputs in agricultural production, including fertilizers and pesticides; fuels for powering tractors and other machinery; fuel use for heating, cooling, and ventilation in farm buildings and facilities; electricity use for pumping, lighting; and energy embodied in buildings and equipment. In general...
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‣ Transforming U.S. Energy Innovation
Fonte: Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Harvard Kennedy School
Publicador: Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Harvard Kennedy School
Tipo: Research Paper or Report
Português
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The United States and the world need a revolution in energy technology—a revolution that would improve the performance of our energy systems to face the challenges ahead. A dramatic increase in the pace of energy innovation is crucial to meet the challenges of:
• Energy and national security, to address the dangers of undue reliance on dwindling supplies of oil increasingly concentrated in some of the most volatile regions of the world, and to limit the connection between nuclear energy and the spread of nuclear weapons;
• Environmental sustainability, to reduce the wide range of environmental damages due to energy production and use, from fine particulate emissions at coal plants, to oil spills, to global climate disruption; and
• Economic competitiveness, to seize a significant share of the multi-trillion-dollar clean energy technology market and improve the balance of payments by increasing exports, while reducing the hundreds of billions of dollars spent every year on importing oil.
In an intensely competitive and interdependent global landscape, and in the face of large climate risks from ongoing U.S. reliance on a fossil-fuel based energy system, it is important to maintain and expand long-term investments in the energy future of the U.S. even at a time of budget stringency. It is equally necessary to think about how to improve the efficiency of those investments...
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‣ Assessing Markets for Renewable Energy in Rural Areas of Northwestern China
Fonte: World Bank, Washington, DC
Publicador: World Bank, Washington, DC
Português
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#ACCESS TO GRID#ACCESS TO GRID ELECTRICITY#ACCESS TO MODERN ENERGY#AVAILABILITY OF ELECTRICITY#COAL#DEMAND FOR ELECTRICITY#DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRICITY#ELECTRIC LIGHTING#ELECTRICITY#ELECTRICITY GRID#ELECTRICITY SERVICES
The main objective of this study was to
determine the market potential for photo-voltaic systems in
the remote areas of China, particularly in villages without
access to grid electricity. A number of photo-voltaic
systems have been sold in the remote provinces, but the size
and nature of this market was not well understood. The study
produced data that addresses several needs: it yielded an
estimate of the size of the potential market for
photo-voltaic systems in four Chinese provinces; provided
important information on the characteristics, ability to
pay, and preferences of potential customers; detailed
positive, and negative experiences with existing
photo-voltaic systems; and, developed recommendations to
increase the penetration of photo-voltaic systems in rural
China, as part of the upcoming China Renewable Energy
Development Project. The main conclusion of the report is
that there is significant desire by households in remote
areas, for electricity, and that there is significant
potential market demand for photo-voltaic systems.
Link permanente para citações:
‣ Vietnam : Renewable Energy Action Plan
Fonte: World Bank, Washington, DC
Publicador: World Bank, Washington, DC
Português
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#BIOGAS#BIOMASS#BULK SUPPLY#BULK SUPPLY TARIFF#CARBON#CLIMATE#COASTAL AREAS#COGENERATION#COLORS#ELECTRICITY GENERATION#ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION
The Renewable Energy Action Plan (REAP)
was prepared in a participatory workshop with stakeholders,
to discuss renewable energy potential, problems, and
solutions, and synthesize study results into a draft action
report. The objective of the REAP is to provide
cost-effective, and reliable electricity to rural
populations, by supplying isolated households, and
communities with renewable sources of energy, and augmenting
grid supply in remote areas. The capacity-building phase
will build on the renewable energy policy, and institutional
development, support individual household and institutional
renewable energy systems, through the provision of
mini-grids based on hydro-hybrid plants. To this end
technical assistance, and investment support will be
provided to encourage small power producers of renewable
electricity for grid supply, from small hydro, bagasse, or
rice husk cogeneration, while other technologies will also
be supported, such as wind power. Lessons learned from the
REAP experience address the need to ensure a policy...
Link permanente para citações:
‣ Energy and Poverty Reduction : Proceedings from a Multi-Sector and Multi-Stakeholder Workshop - How Can Modern Energy Services Contribute to Poverty Reduction?
Fonte: Washington, DC
Publicador: Washington, DC
Português
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#ACCESS TO MODEM ENERGY#AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION#ANNUAL REPORT#CAPACITY BUILDING#CASE STUDIES#CHARCOAL#CIVIL SOCIETY#CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANISATIONS#CLEAN WATER#CLIMATE#COMMUNITY LEVEL
This report summarizes the proceedings
from a workshop, the first in the region designed to foster
a multi-sectoral approach to development energy services for
poverty reduction, held at the Hilton Hotel in Addis Ababa,
Ethiopia, October 23-25, 2002. It was co-organized by the
World Bank-UNDP sponsored Energy Sector Management
Assistance Program (ESMAP) and the World Bank Africa Energy
Unit, and others. The report focuses on the key issues
raised in the presentations and discussions which were
structured around the following three themes: (a)
Understanding the Energy-Poverty situation in the different
countries as reflected in the Poverty Reduction Strategy
Papers (PRSPs) of each country and clarified by the
Ministers and country delegates; (b) Understanding the role
of Energy in meeting priority objectives in the social and
economic sectors of health, education, water, agriculture
and development of small to medium enterprises (SMEs); and
(c) Designing appropriate response initiatives in the form
of draft country action plans outlining the priority energy
interventions required to enhance the effectiveness of
poverty reduction strategies.
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‣ Economics of Transiting to Renewable Energy in Morocco : A General Equilibrium Analysis
Fonte: World Bank, Washington, DC
Publicador: World Bank, Washington, DC
Português
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#AIR#AIR POLLUTANTS#APPROACH#BALANCE#BUTANE#CAPACITY INVESTMENTS#CARBON#CARBON TAX#CHEMICAL INDUSTRY#CHEMICALS#CLIMATE
Morocco has set an ambitious target of
supplying 42 percent of electricity through renewable
sources, 14 percent each through hydro, wind, and solar, by
2020. To analyze the economic and environmental implications
of implementing this target, this study uses a dynamic
computable general equilibrium model with foresight that
includes explicit representation of various electricity
generation technologies. Two types of policy instruments, a
production subsidy financed through fossil fuel taxation and
a renewable energy mandate financed through increased
electricity prices, have been considered to attract
investment in renewable energy. The study shows that meeting
the renewable target would achieve up to 15 percent
reduction of national greenhouse gas emissions in 2020
compared with a situation in the absence of the target, or
the baseline. However, meeting the target would decrease
household consumption of goods and services, thereby
worsening household welfare. The study also shows that the
renewable production subsidy financed through fossil fuel
taxation is superior to the mandate policy to meet the
renewable energy target in Morocco...
Link permanente para citações:
‣ Country Energy Sector Vulnerability Assessments Program : Helping Countries Prepare an Effective Energy Sector Response
Fonte: Washington, DC
Publicador: Washington, DC
Português
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#ADVERSE EFFECTS#ALTERNATIVE ENERGY#APPROACH#AVAILABILITY#AVERAGE PRICE#CL#CLIMATE#CLIMATE CHANGE#CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY#CLIMATE CHANGES#CLIMATIC CONDITIONS
Emerging energy transitions, recently
triggered by the global financial crisis, highly volatile
energy prices, and climate change, have created a turbulent
environment for the energy sector, testing governments and
nongovernment actors around the world. Energy industries in
developing countries are particularly exposed to these new
sources of vulnerability. Governments are constrained in
cushioning the adverse impacts due to limited institutional
capacities and fiscal resources. The Country Energy Sector
Vulnerability Assessments Program (CESVAP) is comprised of
three components: power sector vulnerability assessments,
help countries assess the impact of the global financial
crisis on priority investments in the power sector. Oil
price volatility assessments, help countries assess the
effects of oil price increases and heightened price
volatility, including their ability to absorb price shocks.
Climate vulnerability assessments, help countries assess
their energy sector vulnerability in the face of climate
change...
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‣ The spatial representation of embodied energy of residential areas in the urban environment.
Fonte: Universidade de Adelaide
Publicador: Universidade de Adelaide
Tipo: Tese de Doutorado
Publicado em //2008
Português
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#Energy consumption.#City planning.#Geographic information systems.#Buildings -- Energy conservation.
The motivation for the research described in this thesis is the imperative to minimise energy consumption of buildings in the urban environment. A comprehensive approach to analysing energy usage involves the whole life cycle of buildings and infrastructure including embodied energy consumption. Embodied energy represents all of the energy consumed in the production of building materials and components, as well as the energy used to assemble them into the built form. This thesis describes the development and application of a model which spatially depicts embodied energy as a basis for undertaking more holistic analyses of urban energy consumption.
The need for comprehensive analyses of energy consumption is initially explored. Such analyses would enable more favourable energy outcomes to be achieved when making decisions about urban planning and development. Research on the value of representing energy usage in a spatial format is reviewed and the case is made for modelling the embodied energy as a contribution to the broader understanding of urban energy consumption. This thesis concentrates on residential areas of the urban environment.
The model for spatially representing the embodied energy consumption of residential areas has three components which are embodied energy theory...
Link permanente para citações:
‣ Climate Change and the World Bank Group - Phase I : An Evaluation of World Bank Win-Win Energy Policy Reforms
Fonte: Washington, DC
Publicador: Washington, DC
Tipo: Publications & Research :: Brief; Publications & Research
Português
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#ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE#AIR#AIR QUALITY#APPROACH#ATMOSPHERE#CARBON DIOXIDE#CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS#CARBON EMISSIONS#CARBON FINANCE#CLIMATE#CLIMATE CHANGE
The first of a series on climate change,
this evaluation assesses International Bank for
Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and International
Development Association (IDA) experience with key win-win
policies in the energy sector. It focuses on energy price
reform and policies for energy efficiency, both of which
offer potentially large gains at the country level together
with significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. The
next phase will look at the project experience of the Bank
(including the carbon funds) and the International Finance
Corporation (IFC) in promoting technologies for renewable
energy and energy efficiency. Transport and forestry issues
will also be evaluated. The record levels of energy prices
in 2008, although they have been relaxed, provide an impetus
for clients to seek more sustainable and price-resilient
growth paths. The Bank can proactively help interested
clients to assess the domestic benefits of price reform and
efficiency policies, explore design options, and finance
their implementation. This will require a reorientation of
the Bank's internal incentives...
Link permanente para citações:
‣ Integrating Gender Considerations into Energy Operations
Fonte: Washington, DC
Publicador: Washington, DC
Tipo: Publications & Research :: ESMAP Paper; Publications & Research
Português
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#ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY#ACCESS TO INFORMATION#ACCESS TO RESOURCES#ACCESS TO SERVICES#AIR POLLUTION#ALTERNATIVE METHODS#APPROACH#ASSESSMENT OF GENDER#AVAILABILITY#BIOGAS#BIOGAS PRODUCTION
The objective of this briefing note is
to provide World Bank energy task teams a brief overview of
the key issues, resources and tools to help integrate gender
considerations into energy sector operations. This briefing
note discusses the key elements of the 'gender in
energy' topic and provides specific examples on
'how to' integrate gender considerations in energy
policy dialogue and the project cycle. This note draws on
recent experience within the World Bank and elsewhere in
mainstreaming gender in energy projects. It aims to
consolidate this knowledge and make it available to energy
practitioners addressing gender aspects of energy projects.
This note is complemented by a compendium of online
resources to provide energy teams with basic tools, such as
sample questionnaires, terms of reference, and screening
guidance, as well as reference material on gender and
energy. These resources have been developed by drawing on
the experience of Energy Sector Management assistance
Program's (ESMAP's) Africa Renewable Energy and
Access (AFREA) gender and energy program...
Link permanente para citações:
‣ Results-Based Financing in the Energy Sector : An Analytical Guide
Fonte: World Bank, Washington, DC
Publicador: World Bank, Washington, DC
Tipo: Publications & Research :: ESMAP Paper; Publications & Research
Português
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#ACCESS TO CAPITAL#ACCESS TO CREDIT#ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY#ACCESS TO FINANCE#ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS#ADVISORY SERVICES#AMOUNT OF RISK#APPROACH#AUCTION#AUCTIONS#AVAILABILITY
Results based financing (RBF) approaches
are becoming an increasingly popular way to support
development objectives and wider public policy goals. The
fundamental idea of RBF approaches is that payments that
would otherwise be made automatically are made contingent on
delivery of (a) pre agreed result, with achievement of the
result being subject to independent verification. RBF
approaches have been pioneered in the health sector but
there has been increasing interest in whether and how they
could be used within the energy sector, and especially on
how they may promote private sector investment in low carbon
energy sector opportunities (ESMAP 2012). The work has been
commissioned by the Energy Sector Management Assistance
Program (ESMAP), as part of a broader initiative looking at
the potential for greater use of results-based approaches
(RBAs) in the energy sector in developing countries This
report identifies the circumstances when Results Based
Financing (RBF) approaches might be an appropriate energy
sector intervention in developing countries...
Link permanente para citações:
‣ Albania’s Energy Sector : Vulnerable to Climate Change
Fonte: World Bank, Washington, DC
Publicador: World Bank, Washington, DC
Tipo: Publications & Research :: Brief; Publications & Research
Português
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#AIR#ANNUAL PRECIPITATION#BIOMASS#CARBON ECONOMY#CLIMATE#CLIMATE CHANGE#CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS#CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY#CLIMATE CHANGES#CLIMATE RESILIENCE#CLIMATE VARIABILITY
Energy security is a critical concern in
Albania which relies on hydropower for about 90 percent of
its electricity production. While renewable energy resources
like hydropower play a fundamental role in moving the world
towards a low-carbon economy, they can also be vulnerable to
climatic conditions. This Knowledge Brief provides an
overview of a pilot vulnerability, risk, and adaptation
assessment undertaken for Albania's energy sector by
the Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP), the
World Bank and the Trust Fund for Environmentally and
Socially Sustainable Development (TFESSD), in partnership
with stakeholders in Albania's energy sector. The
assessment raised awareness and initiated dialogue on energy
sector adaptation. It was aimed at building greater
understanding of the climate risks faced by the energy
sector and of priority actions that could be taken to reduce vulnerabilities.
Link permanente para citações:
‣ Climate Vulnerability Assessments : An Assessment of Climate Change Vulnerability, Risk, and Adaptation in Albania's Energy Sector; Vleresime mbi vulnerabilitetin ndaj klimes : vleresimi mbi vulnerabilitetin, rrezikun dhe adoptimin e sektorit shqiptar te energjise ndaj ndryshimeve klimatike
Fonte: Washington, DC
Publicador: Washington, DC
Tipo: Publications & Research :: ESMAP Paper; Publications & Research
Português
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327.20572%
#AIR#ANNUAL PRECIPITATION#APPROACH#BIOMASS#CL#CLIMATE#CLIMATE CHANGE#CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS#CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY#CLIMATE CHANGES#CLIMATE VARIABILITY
Many countries are increasingly
vulnerable to destructive weather events, floods, droughts,
windstorms, or other parameters. The vulnerability is driven
in part by recent extremes in climate variability but also
by countries' sensitivity to events exacerbated by past
practices, socioeconomic conditions, or legacy issues. The
degree to which vulnerability to weather affects the
countries' economies is driven by their coping or
adaptive capacities. This overview showcases a pilot
vulnerability, risk, and adaptation assessment undertaken
for Albania's energy sector to raise awareness and
initiate dialogue on energy sector adaptation. This pilot
assessment demonstrates an approach that can be used to help
countries and energy sector stakeholders develop policies
and projects that are robust in the face of climatic
uncertainties, and assist them in managing existing energy
concerns as the climate changes. It identifies key direct
risks to energy supply and demand and options for adaptation
to establish where to focus subsequent in-depth analyses. It
also identifies additional research needed to better
understand the implications of extreme climatic events for
the energy sector as well as potential indirect impacts...
Link permanente para citações:
‣ Bulgaria Energy Environment Review
Fonte: Washington, DC
Publicador: Washington, DC
Tipo: Publications & Research :: ESMAP Paper; Publications & Research
Português
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#AIR#AIR QUALITY#BALANCE OF PAYMENTS#CARBON#CARBON DIOXIDE#CARBON EMISSIONS#CITIES#CLEAN AIR#CLIMATE#COAL#COAL PRICES
The main purpose of the Energy and
Environment Review (EER) was to develop and test a
methodology to better integrate energy sector development
and investment plans with Bulgaria's environmental
objectives. It was undertaken at the request of the
country's State Agency for Energy and Energy Resources
(SAEER). The EER highlights the intrinsic trade-offs between
Bulgaria's objective to ensure least-cost energy supply
to the country and its concurrent objectives of being a
dominant energy supplier in the region, minimizing its
dependence on imported energy, and meeting its national and
international environmental commitments. Achievement of
these objectives is complicated by Bulgaria's heavy
reliance on electricity to meet its own energy needs, the
virtual absence of natural gas in the consumption mix of
non-industrial consumers, and the fact that except for
environmentally polluting lignite, the country does not have
economical energy resources. Since the bulk of
Bulgaria's electricity (about 80 percent) is generated
from nuclear fuel and indigenous lignite...
Link permanente para citações:
‣ Municipal Budgeting and Finance : Scaling Up Energy Efficiency in Buildings in the Western Balkans
Fonte: World Bank Group, Washington, DC
Publicador: World Bank Group, Washington, DC
Tipo: Publications & Research :: Working Paper; Publications & Research
Português
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#ACCOUNTABILITY#ACCOUNTING#ACCOUNTING STANDARDS#ACCOUNTING SYSTEMS#AMORTIZATION#APPROACH#AUDITING#AUDITS#AVAILABILITY#BALANCE#BALANCE SHEETS
Within the Western Balkans region, a
secure and reliable energy supply is critical for
sustainable economic growth. Expensive, imported energy and
inefficient energy use place a huge burden on municipalities
that require affordable and reliable infrastructure services
to attract investment and provide services to their
citizens. With energy prices projected to rise, service
delivery costs will increase, further straining municipal
budgets and disproportionally affecting poorer households.
The ability of municipalities to adequately budget for and
finance reductions in energy use thus will be a critical
need in the years ahead. Saving energy can also help cities
renew their building and infrastructure stock while helping
to create employment opportunities, all paid for through the
reductions in their energy bills. The municipal budget is
the main financial planning document at the local level. It
contains a list of municipal revenues and expenditures for
the coming year, the latter of which are divided into
operating and capital expenditures. Typically...
Link permanente para citações:
‣ Energy Efficient Cities : Assessment Tools and Benchmarking Practices
Fonte: World Bank
Publicador: World Bank
Tipo: Publications & Research :: Publication; Publications & Research :: Publication
Português
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#AFFORDABLE ENERGY#AIR QUALITY#APPROACH#CARBON#CARBON FINANCE#CITIES#CITIES ALLIANCE#CITY DEVELOPMENT#CITY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES#CITY HALLS#CITY LEADERS
With cities accounting for half the
world's population today, and two-thirds of global
energy demand, urbanization is exacting a serious toll on
the environment. As rapid urban growth continues, energy use
in cities and associated levels of greenhouse gas (GHG)
emissions are projected to continue unabated; current
projections indicate that approximately 70 percent of the
world's population will live in cities by 2050,
producing some 80 percent of the world's GHG emissions.
Unfortunately, most of this urban growth will take place in
developing countries, where the vast majority of people
remain underserved by basic infrastructure service and where
city authorities are under-resourced to shift current
trajectories. Further, the developing regions of Africa and
Asia are where the most rapid urbanization is taking place,
and they are least able to cope with the uncertainties and
extremities of climate impacts. The development and
mainstreaming of energy-efficient and low-carbon urban
pathways that curtail climate impacts without hampering the
urban development agenda thus are essential to meeting such
challenges. Reducing long-term energy use through efficiency
also enhances energy security by decreasing dependence on
imported and fossil fuel. In addition...
Link permanente para citações:
‣ Energy Demand Characteristics and the Potential for Energy Efficiency in Sports Stadiums and Arenas
Fonte: Universidade Duke
Publicador: Universidade Duke
Tipo: Masters' project
Publicado em 09/12/2011
Português
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A professional sports stadium can use 5-10 MW of electricity during an event, the equivalent of 5,000 American homes. The US Energy Information Agency (EIA) classifies these buildings under the broader "entertainment and culture" sector, but very little institutional knowledge or data exists in terms of the unique energy use characteristics of these structures. While sports venues have attracted some investment in energy efficiency and renewable energy, facility managers are often unaware of their energy use breakdown or the potential savings from comprehensive efficiency measures. Further, market barriers exist that hinder the full implementation of energy efficiency.
This masters project investigates the progress of U.S. stadiums and arenas in energy management and energy efficiency investment. In order to deeply understand and quantify the energy use characteristics and energy savings potential of sports venues, over 40 leading stadium energy efficiency experts were interviewed and data was collected and analyzed from primary and secondary sources. Interviews requested information on energy use per year (electricity and natural gas), energy use breakdown, energy efficiency investments, and realized returns. General information on the structure and inner-workings of energy management programs at stadiums and arenas was also requested in order to learn how leading facilities approach implementation.
The results of four in-depth stadium case studies found that energy retrofits costing between $85...
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