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- Open House International Association
- Washington, DC: World Bank
- World Bank, Washington, DC
- Washington, DC
- World Bank, Washington DC
- La Sapienza Universidade de Roma
- Biblioteca Digital da Unicamp
- Universidade Cornell
- University of Cambridge; Department of Land Economy; Cambridge Centre for Climate Change Mitigation Research; Selwyn College
- Universidade Duke
- Mais Publicadores...
‣ Design issues for net zero-energy buildings
Fonte: Open House International Association
Publicador: Open House International Association
Tipo: Artigo de Revista Científica
Publicado em //2013
Português
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#Zero energy building#Residential building #Passive measures#Energy efficiency#Renewable energy generation
Net Zero-Energy Buildings (NZEBs) have received increased attention in recent years as a result of constant concerns about energy supply constraints, decreasing energy resources, increasing energy costs and the rising impact of greenhouse gases on world climate. Promoting whole building strategies that employ passive measures together with energy efficient systems and technologies using renewable energy became a European political strategy following the publication of the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive recast in May 2010 by the European Parliament and Council. However designing successful NZEBs represents a challenge because the definitions are somewhat generic while assessment methods and monitoring approaches remain under development and the literature is relatively scarce about the best sets of solutions for different typologies and climates likely to deliver an actual and reliable performance in terms of energy balance (consumed vs generated) on a cost-effective basis. Additionally the lessons learned from existing NZEB examples are relatively scarce. The authors of this paper, who are participants in the IEA SHC Task 40-ECBCS Annex 52, “Towards Net Zero Energy Solar Buildings”, are willing to share insights from on-going research work on some best practice leading NZEB residential buildings. Although there is no standard approach for designing a Net Zero-Energy Building (there are many different possible combinations of passive and efficient active measures...
Link permanente para citações:
‣ Revisiting Reform in the Energy Sector : Lessons from Georgia
Fonte: Washington, DC: World Bank
Publicador: Washington, DC: World Bank
Português
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#ADVERSE IMPACT#BASKET OF GOODS#BUDGET CONSTRAINTS#COAL#CONSUMERS#CONSUMPTION LEVELS#CONSUMPTION PATTERNS#COOKING#CRUDE OIL#CRUDE OIL PRICES#DIRTY FUEL
This paper reviews the changes in the
supply of electricity and gas from the perpective of
households, utility operators, and the government. The
objective is to highlight lessons from the reforms
implemented and to apply them to the future reform program
planned for the rest of the energy sector. The paper
concludes that improved service quality and the increased
supply of clean and subsidized natural gas have offset the
potentially negative impact of higher electricity prices.
Despite very good performance by the privatized electricity
distribution company in Tbilisi, the sustainability of the
reform program is still in doubt. Consolidated government
expenditures on energy have increased, but to a large extent
this simply recognizes costs that were incurred, but not
paid, prior to reform. Existing subsidies to households for
electricity provide compensation beyond levels that produce
large welfare gains. Changing the subsidy system to base
targeting on actual levels of electricity consumption while
providing enough compensation to ensure the household
received a basic level of electricity...
Link permanente para citações:
‣ Energy Intensive Infrastructure Investments with Retrofits in Continuous Time : Effects of Uncertainty on Energy Use and Carbon Emissions
Fonte: World Bank, Washington, DC
Publicador: World Bank, Washington, DC
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#ABATEMENT#ABATEMENT COSTS#ABATEMENT POLICIES#AGGREGATE EMISSIONS#ALLOCATION#APPROACH#ATMOSPHERE#AVAILABILITY#BALANCE#CALCULATION#CARBON
Energy-intensive infrastructure may tie
up fossil energy use and carbon emissions for a long time
after investments, making the structure of such investments
crucial for society. Much or most of the resulting carbon
emissions can often be eliminated later, through a costly
retrofit. This paper studies the simultaneous decision to
invest in such infrastructure, and retrofit it later, in a
model where future climate damages are uncertain and follow
a geometric Brownian motion process with positive drift. It
shows that greater uncertainty about climate cost (for given
unconditional expected costs) then delays the retrofit
decision by increasing the option value of waiting to
invest. Higher energy intensity is also chosen for the
initial infrastructure when uncertainty is greater. These
decisions are efficient given that energy and carbon prices
facing the decision maker are (globally) correct, but
inefficient when they are lower, which is more typical.
Greater uncertainty about future climate costs will then
further increase lifetime carbon emissions from the
infrastructure...
Link permanente para citações:
‣ Technology Assessment of Clean Coal Technologies for China : Volume 3. Environmental Compliance in the Energy Sector
Fonte: Washington, DC
Publicador: Washington, DC
Português
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#ABATEMENT#ABATEMENT STRATEGIES#ACID DEPOSITION#ACID RAIN#AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT#AIR#AIR EMISSIONS#AIR POLLUTANTS#AIR POLLUTION#AIR POLLUTION PROBLEMS#AIR QUALITY
Analysts expect China to continue
improving the efficiency of energy production and use,
thereby decoupling the traditional relationship between
gross domestic product (GDP) and energy consumption.
Environmentally acceptable economic growth is closely linked
with further improvements in the overall efficiency of
energy use. Both of these goals will require a continued
increase in the use of coal to produce electricity, along
with a more deliberate and rapid transition from direct coal
combustion to the use of electricity and other cleaner
coal-based fuel sources, especially for cooking, space
heating, and industrial furnaces. The opportunity for
environmental improvement in conjunction with economic
growth lies in the wise adoption of clean coal technologies
(CCT) for both the electric power and non-power sectors.
This report presents CCT options for the power sector that
can help China achieve these twin goals. The CCT options
are: 1) air pollution controls for particulates, sulphur
dioxide, and nitrous oxide; and 2) advanced electricity
generation technologies--supercritical pulverized-coal
boilers...
Link permanente para citações:
‣ Supporting Gender and Sustainable Energy Initiatives in Central America, Volume 1
Fonte: Washington, DC
Publicador: Washington, DC
Português
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#ACCIDENTS#ADULTS#AGRICULTURE#AIR#BURNS#CENTRAL AMERICA#CENTRAL AMERICAN#COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT#COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION#COOKING#DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS
This report presents findings on the
ESMAP-funded Central America Gender and Sustainable Energy
project. The project has provided support to the
Mesoamerican Gender in Sustainable Energy (GENES) Network,
which seeks to enable the equitable access of women and men
to sustainable energy services. Between April and July,
2002, a series of two bi-national and one tri-national
workshop on gender and sustainable energy was conducted for
members of GENES. Specific objectives were : become familiar
with various types of renewable energy technologies, their
applications and trends in their use; understand the
principle concepts of gender equity; reflect on the
relationship between gender equity, sustainable development,
and renewable energy, and identify how key concepts of
gender equity can be applied in the workplace and in the
field; familiarize with recent advances in the gender and
energy nexus; become familiar with gender methodologies,
their uses and limitations. To ground the concepts
presented, each workshop incorporated a technology
demonstration and / or a field visit to a project site where
participants could see one or more applications of
sustainable energy technologies. These trips included
exchanges on solar coffee drying and solar cooking; solar
lighting and water pumping and brief field visits to
projects involving photovoltaic pumping and electrification;
solar fruit and wood drying; and the use of improved cook stoves.
Link permanente para citações:
‣ The Landfill Gas-to-Energy Initiative for Latin America and the Caribbean
Fonte: World Bank, Washington, DC
Publicador: World Bank, Washington, DC
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#ACID RAIN#ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS#AIR EMISSIONS#AIR POLLUTANTS#AIR POLLUTION#AIR QUALITY#AMBIENT AIR#AMBIENT AIR QUALITY#ANAEROBIC CONDITIONS#ANAEROBIC DECOMPOSITION#ANNUAL EMISSIONS
The objectives of the Landfill
Gas-to-Energy (LFGTE) Initiative in Latin America and the
Caribbean are to. 1) contribute to the maximization of
methane emissions reductions and the development of carbon
trading opportunities; 2) promote LFGTE investment in Latin
America and the Caribbean to improve solid waste management
practices in the region; 3) create awareness of LFGTE
opportunities; 4) document and disseminate LFGTE experience;
and 5) establish knowledge sharing mechanisms to increase
cooperation. The aim of this report is to document the
dissemination activities and outputs of the LFGTE
Initiative, including case studies of LFGTE projects in
Brazil, Canada, Chile, Latvia, Mexico, Uruguay, South
Africa, and Poland, a "Handbook for the Preparation of
LFGTE Projects," a workshop in Monterrey, Mexico in
October 2003 in which these documents were presented, a
knowledge network on LFG, and a Web site for the LFGTE
Initiative. In addition to these efforts, the LFGTE
Initiative identified landfill sites for pre-investment
feasibility studies. Of the 26 sites that submitted letters
of interest...
Link permanente para citações:
‣ Meeting the Energy Needs of the Urban Poor : Lessons from Electrification Practitioners
Fonte: World Bank, Washington, DC
Publicador: World Bank, Washington, DC
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#ACCESS COSTS#ACCESS ROADS#ACCESS TO CREDIT#ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY#ACCESS TO ENERGY#AIR POLLUTION#ALTERNATIVE ENERGY#APPROACH#ARCHITECTURE#BALANCE#BARRIO
The present report was prepared on the
basis of the findings of an international workshop held from
September 12-14, 2005, in Salvador da Bahia, and was
attended by delegations of three to five practitioners from
12 cities in Latin America, Africa and Asia. It had two main
objectives: (a) to share experiences on innovative solutions
to provide electricity services in poor peri-urban and urban
areas; and (b) to develop a body of knowledge to be
disseminated and used by a wide array of practitioners
involved in the provision of energy services in those areas.
One of the most important conclusions of the Bahia workshop
was that excluding part of the population from access to
energy on account of their poverty, marginalization and the
informality of the settlements has enormous long-term
social, economic and financial costs. The root cause of the
contemporary difficulty in providing electricity and other
infrastructure services through public or private utilities
is decades of such social exclusion, poverty and
marginalization which have led to total distrust between
formal structures and consumers...
Link permanente para citações:
‣ Household Energy Use in Malawi
Fonte: World Bank, Washington DC
Publicador: World Bank, Washington DC
Tipo: Economic & Sector Work :: Energy Study; Economic & Sector Work
Português
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#ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY#ACCESS TO LIGHTING#AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES#AIR CONDITIONERS#BENEFITS OF ELECTRIFICATION#BIOMASS#BIOMASS FUELS#BIOMASS RESOURCE#CANE#CHARCOAL#CHARCOAL PRODUCTION
This report analyzes the results of the
Second Integrated Household Survey in Malawi. Its purpose is
to examine equity issues in access, pricing and use of fuels
and electricity and to estimate the benefits
electrification. The analysis was undertaken in order to
inform policies associated with two critical aspects of
electricity sector reform - tariff rebalancing and
increasing household access. The report begins with a
summary of the main findings and recommendations. It
continues with an introduction, including the background to
the report. The first detailed analysis of findings concerns
energy access and expenditures. The next section discusses
energy access. Tariff reform and the benefits of
electrification follow. The last section discusses the
identification and assessment of innovations in electricity
service provision.
Link permanente para citações:
‣ Hands-on Energy Adaptation Toolkit
Fonte: Washington, DC
Publicador: Washington, DC
Tipo: Publications & Research; Publications & Research :: ESMAP Paper
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#ADAPTATION#ADAPTATION ACTIONS#ADAPTATION ASSESSMENT#ADAPTATION ASSESSMENTS#ADAPTATION MEASURES#ADAPTATION OPTION#ADAPTATION OPTIONS#ADAPTATION PLANNING#ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT#ASSESSING CLIMATE CHANGE#CLIMATE
Hands-on Energy Adaptation Toolkit
(HEAT) is an online resource that is designed to lead you
through an assessment of climate vulnerabilities and
adaptation options in your country's energy sector and
raise awareness among key stakeholders. HEAT provides an
interactive, step-by-step guide, as well as an analytical
framework and support tools, to help policymakers consult
with stakeholder groups to scope out climate risks and
vulnerabilities. It then provides guidance on developing and
selecting among options to manage, monitor, and evaluate
these risks. HEAT provides guidance on how to complete the
assessment process and explains the skills and expertise
required in the team leading the assessment-the assignment
management team. To ensure credibility when engaging
stakeholders at various stages, the assignment management
team should include experts with knowledge of the
country's energy sector, energy asset performance, the
effects of climatic and hydrological conditions on energy
services, expertise in cost-benefit analysis...
Link permanente para citações:
‣ Uzbekistan Energy Efficiency in Urban Water Utilities in Central Asia
Fonte: World Bank, Washington, DC
Publicador: World Bank, Washington, DC
Tipo: Publications & Research :: ESMAP Paper; Publications & Research
Português
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#ACCESS TO MODERN ENERGY#APPROACH#AVAILABILITY#BOOSTER PUMPING STATIONS#CAPACITY BUILDING#CAPITAL INVESTMENT#CONSTRUCTION#DISTRIBUTION FACILITIES#DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM#DRAFTING#EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTS
This study's objective was to
evaluate Energy Efficiency in Urban Water Utilities to test
the common assumption that there existed an enormous energy
reduction potential in the water utilities in the Former
Soviet Union and more specifically in Central Asia. The
study focused on the historic cities of Samarkand and
Bukhara in Uzbekistan and includes a detailed description of
the water supply and distribution facilities, the conditions
of the works identifying low energy efficiency, a detailed
analysis of the efficiency tests performed to pumps of the
Water Utilities in these cities, an energy usage assessment
including the performance indicators, and investment
recommendations and a dissemination program incorporating
final recommendations to reduce energy consumption by the
cities water systems.
Link permanente para citações:
‣ Innovative Approaches for Tourism's Energy Challenge
Fonte: World Bank, Washington, DC
Publicador: World Bank, Washington, DC
Tipo: Publications & Research :: Brief; Publications & Research
Português
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#ACCESS TO MODERN ENERGY#AIR#AIR TRAFFIC#AIR TRANSPORT#AIR TRAVEL#AIRCRAFT#AIRLINE INDUSTRY#AIRPORT#AIRPORT CHARGES#ALTERNATIVE ENERGY#ALTERNATIVE FUELS
According on climate change and tourism
the industry 'must rapidly respond to climate change,
within the evolving United Nation (UN) framework and
progressively reduce its Greenhouse Gas (GHG) contribution
if it is to grow in a sustainable manner.' In Latin
America and the Caribbean (LAC), fossil fuel accounts for
about 75 percent of energy needs, creating a key challenge
for sustainable tourism. To explore further the issues of
energy use and tourism, the World Bank's LAC region
hosted a special session as part of a two day event on
sustainable tourism in April 2008. When energy consumption
and carbon emissions grow due to the expansion of the
tourism industry, so too do the economic benefits in terms
of jobs and incomes for the countries of Latin America. To
maintain a vibrant and growing tourist industry while
reducing the carbon footprint, the session emphasized the
need for the region to address two key issues: 'the
mitigation of GHG emissions, derived from transport and
accommodations activities...
Link permanente para citações:
‣ Improved Energy Technologies for Rural Cambodia
Fonte: Washington, DC
Publicador: Washington, DC
Tipo: Economic & Sector Work :: Other Rural Study; Economic & Sector Work
Português
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#ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY#ACCESS TO ENERGY#ACCESS TO ENERGY SERVICES#AFFORDABLE ENERGY#AIR#AIR POLLUTION#AIR QUALITY#ALTERNATIVE ENERGY#ALTERNATIVE ENERGY PROGRAM#ANIMAL DUNG#ARSENIC
More than 90 percent of total household
energy used in rural Cambodia comes from wood and charcoal,
which will continue to be the primary energy source for many
more years, especially for poorer people. Faced with this
reality, it is clear that simple and affordable solutions to
the problems associated with burning wood and charcoal
should be addressed. One obvious solution is the production
and wide dissemination of more efficient stoves, which can
cut fuel consumption in half. The new, improved cook stoves
are based on traditional stove models, but both are more
efficient due to three main improvements in design: 1) the
space between the pot and the pot-rest is reduced, 2) the
grate has smaller holes, and 3) the combustion chamber is
smaller. The effect is better combustion with less heat
loss, a more complete burning of wood, and also less smoke.
There are two models of improved cook stoves: the Neang
Kongrey stove and the New Lao stove. The Neang Kongrey is a
simple ceramic cook stove that sells for about $1.25 and
lasts for 1-2 years. The New Lao Stove has metal cladding
and insulation that adds at least two years to the
stove's lifetime and increases its cost to about $4.
Link permanente para citações:
‣ LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT OF DISTRIBUTED ENERGY PRODUCTION USING BIOFUEL FROM WASTE
Fonte: La Sapienza Universidade de Roma
Publicador: La Sapienza Universidade de Roma
Tipo: Tese de Doutorado
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#LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT#MICRO CHP#DISTRIBUTED ENERGY#ANAEROBIC DIGESTION#ORGANIC FRACTION OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE#Settori Disciplinari MIUR::Ingegneria industriale e dell'informazione#Life Cycle Analysis practitioner#Sustainable Technologies for Energy and Envrionment#Mechanical Engineer
Municipal Solid Waste can be a potential renewable and non-seasonal resource for energy production. Alternative uses of waste, in fact, become increasingly interesting both from a waste management perspective – to reduce the amount of increasing waste deposited at landfill - and from an energy system perspective – to get the targets in terms of share of renewable and greenhouse gas reduction.
In Europe, in recent years a lot of attention has raised around the possibility to use the Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste (OFMSW) for the production of energy through anaerobic digestion. In this process, the bio-waste is metabolized by bacteria under anaerobic conditions producing a gas – i.e. biogas. Digestate, a by-product of the anaerobic digestion process, can be used as a valid substitute to conventional mineral fertilisers. Production and collection of OFMSW usually takes place at district level, hence making it a great potential as non-seasonal energy feedstock. The biogas can then be used as a fuel for Combined Heat and Power (CHP) production, through systems directly installed at dwelling level. This perfectly matches with the Distributed Generation paradigm, where the energy is produced at, or near to its point of use.
The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the environmental impact of a waste-to-energy system in a distributed generation paradigm. OFMSW was considered as main feedstock to produce biogas...
Link permanente para citações:
‣ Contribuições para a conservação de energia através da utilização de motores de indução de alto rendimento = : Contributions to the energy conservation through the use of high efficiency induction motors; Contributions to the energy conservation through the use of high efficiency induction motors
Fonte: Biblioteca Digital da Unicamp
Publicador: Biblioteca Digital da Unicamp
Tipo: Dissertação de Mestrado
Formato: application/pdf
Publicado em 27/07/2012
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A gestão e a conservação de energia são temas atuais e de grande importância. Aliar ao ambiente acadêmico o aspecto prático, buscar soluções para a economia de energia através do debate de soluções, proporcionar que os assuntos conservação de energia e eficiência energética sejam discutidos e tratados com relevância serão fundamentais para o desenvolvimento do país nos próximos anos. Novas oportunidades de pesquisa e desenvolvimento tanto no setor energético quanto no setor produtivo surgem e nos trazem a possibilidade que avanços tecnológicos ocorram. O entendimento da legislação e dos problemas relacionados ao consumo inadequado da energia propicia a criação de parâmetros básicos bem como a formação de políticas industriais de conservação e eficiência energética que venham a promover o melhor aproveitamento dos recursos disponíveis a menores custos. O estudo desta dissertação baseia-se em verificar quais os impactos a Lei 10.295 trouxe sobre a Matriz Energética brasileira e se houveram ganhos efetivos após a obrigatoriedade do atendimento da referida Lei. Cita os desafios para se aumentar ainda mais o rendimento dos motores elétricos sem aumentar seus tamanhos nem seus custos de fabricação e reafirma o esforço na busca por melhores materiais e por projetos que venham a melhorar a eficiência dos mesmos. Apresenta a evolução tecnológica dos motores elétricos e as vantagens da utilização dos motores de indução...
Link permanente para citações:
‣ The Energy-Momentum Problem in General Relativity
Fonte: Universidade Cornell
Publicador: Universidade Cornell
Tipo: Artigo de Revista Científica
Publicado em 11/08/2003
Português
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Energy-momentum is an important conserved quantity whose definition has been
a focus of many investigations in general relativity. Unfortunately, there is
still no generally accepted definition of energy and momentum in general
relativity. Attempts aimed at finding a quantity for describing distribution of
energy-momentum due to matter, non-gravitational and gravitational fields
resulted in various energy-momentum complexes whose physical meaning have been
questioned. The problems associated with energy-momentum complexes resulted in
some researchers even abandoning the concept of energy-momentum localization in
favour of the alternative concept of quasi-localization. However, quasi-local
masses have their inadequacies, while the remarkable work of Virbhadra and some
others, and recent results of Cooperstock and Chang {\it et al.} have revived
an interest in various energy-momentum complexes. Hence in this work we use
energy-momentum complexes to obtain the energy distributions in various
space-times.
We elaborate on the problem of energy localization in general relativity and
use energy-momentum prescriptions of Einstein, Landau and Lifshitz, Papapetrou,
Weinberg, and M{\o}ller to investigate energy distributions in various
space-times. It is shown that several of these energy-momentum complexes give
the same and acceptable results for a given space-time. This shows the
importance of these energy-momentum complexes. Our results agree with
Virbhadra's conclusion that the Einstein's energy-momentum complex is still the
best tool for obtaining energy distribution in a given space-time. The
Cooperstock hypothesis for energy localization in GR is also supported.; Comment: PhD thesis...
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‣ Holographic Dark Energy Interacting with Two Fluids and Validity of Generalized Second Law of Thermodynamics
Fonte: Universidade Cornell
Publicador: Universidade Cornell
Tipo: Artigo de Revista Científica
Publicado em 11/06/2010
Português
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#General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology#Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics#High Energy Physics - Theory
We have considered a cosmological model of holographic dark energy
interacting with dark matter and another unknown component of dark energy of
the universe. We have assumed two interaction terms $Q$ and $Q'$ in order to
include the scenario in which the mutual interaction between the two principal
components (i.e., holographic dark energy and dark matter) of the universe
leads to some loss in other forms of cosmic constituents. Our model is valid
for any sign of $Q$ and $Q'$. If $Q
Q'$, then dark matter energy receives from dark energy and from the unknown component of dark energy. Observation suggests that dark energy decays into dark matter. Here we have presented a general prescription of a cosmological model of dark energy which imposes mutual interaction between holographic dark energy, dark matter and another fluid. We have obtained the equation of state for the holographic dark energy density which is interacting with dark matter and other unknown component of dark energy. Using first law of thermodynamics, we have obtained the entropies for holographic dark energy, dark matter and other component of dark energy...
Link permanente para citações:
‣ Decarbonising the English residential sector: modelling policies, technologies and behaviour within a heterogeneous building stock; Modelling policies, technologies and human behaviour within a heterogeneous building stock; A new building stock model for the english residential sector; A systems approach to modelling energy and emissions from the residential sector
Fonte: University of Cambridge; Department of Land Economy; Cambridge Centre for Climate Change Mitigation Research; Selwyn College
Publicador: University of Cambridge; Department of Land Economy; Cambridge Centre for Climate Change Mitigation Research; Selwyn College
Tipo: Thesis; doctoral; PhD
Português
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It is now widely accepted that the residential sector offers significant potential for
carbon mitigation. This is true for both the overall magnitude of emissions reductions
and the cost per tonne of CO2(eq) mitigated. However, both the scope and scale of
potential carbon mitigation pathways remain controversial. The pace of
decarbonisation is also openly debated. Examples of some of these contentions
include: centralised versus decentralised energy supply; energy efficiency versus low
carbon generation; demolition versus renovation of the existing building stock and
behaviour change versus technological solutions. Incontrovertibly, any one of these
seemingly apparent tensions is not mutually exclusive, and the ultimate
decarbonisation pathway will likely consist of most if not all of these proposed
solutions being implemented to some varying degree.
Despite the significant potential for carbon mitigation in the built environment, deep
cuts have not yet materialised. It is argued that this lack of progress stems from a
poor understanding of the highly complex socio-economic, socio-dynamic and
technical physical systems that underpin energy use in dwellings.Modelling this requires requires novel methods capable of capturing the complexities that arise from
government policies...
Link permanente para citações:
‣ New Ideas for Bermuda’s Energy Model
Fonte: Universidade Duke
Publicador: Universidade Duke
Tipo: Masters' project
Publicado em 22/04/2015
Português
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The world energy industry is in the throes of significant technological and policy change, providing Bermuda with an unprecedented opportunity to move toward a sustainable energy model. Presently, electricity on the island is supplied almost entirely by a diesel fuel oil utility, Belco, which is expecting to retire almost 50% of their generators in the next six years. At the same time, Bermuda’s Department of Energy is developing a new Energy Policy and establishing an independent Regulatory Authority. This study asks what Bermuda can learn from other island states which have committed to a sustainable energy portfolio. Bermuda has the opportunity to invest in alternative energy infrastructure at a lower price than was possible a few years ago, allowing for the displacement of a meaningful portion of Belco’s diesel oil capacity with renewable energy. The first section of the report describes the current energy model in Bermuda and two published plans for the future.
The second section of the report develops case studies for the islands of Kaua’i and Aruba, which expect to supply more than 50% and 100%, respectively, of their electricity using renewable energy sources by 2020. Kaua’i and Aruba demonstrate similar policy and regulatory approaches...
Link permanente para citações:
‣ A Strategy to Increase Energy Efficiency Investment in Public Housing
Fonte: Universidade Duke
Publicador: Universidade Duke
Tipo: Masters' project
Publicado em /04/2013
Português
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This document proposes a strategy for Environmental Defense Fund to increase energy efficiency investment in public housing. Improving the energy efficiency of public housing buildings represents a tremendous opportunity to decrease energy consumption nationwide. In 2010, PHA-paid energy expenditures totaled more than $1 billion, a similar magnitude to the $3.6 billion the U.S. Department of Defense spends on energy consumption in its facilities.
Reduced energy use results in cost savings for public housing authorities (PHAs) and the federal government, and reduced greenhouse gas emissions. The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) provides utility subsidies to PHAs and oversees their work. Working with HUD, many housing authorities have used energy performance contracts to perform energy efficiency retrofits. These contracts will continue to be an important tool to enable housing authorities to invest in energy efficiency.
As a leading environmental nonprofit, Environmental Defense Fund (EDF) has a significant role to play in helping PHAs across the country to invest in energy efficiency.Some housing authorities have already performed energy efficiency retrofits; many others have not yet become involved in programs to reduce energy use. EDF can work with housing authorities of varying levels of experience to help increase investment in energy efficiency nationwide. If EDF is successful in its strategy...
Link permanente para citações:
‣ HOME ENERGY CONSUMPTION ESTIMATION BY END USE AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY UPGRADE RECOMMENDATIONS
Fonte: Universidade Duke
Publicador: Universidade Duke
Tipo: Masters' project
Publicado em 24/04/2014
Português
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Residential energy consumption is becoming an ever-growing sector, in 2012 accounting for 21.2% of total consumed energy in the United States. People have been focused on exploring potential strategies to lower the associated energy consumption, including energy efficiency improvement and policy adjustment. However, in the absence of detailed breakdown of energy consumption, it is hard to effectively apply energy efficiency upgrades, meaning a necessity of getting a deep understanding of the energy consumption estimates.
To achieve the breakdown of energy consumption, this project primarily focuses on the individual home energy consumption, through estimating the energy consumed in space heating, space cooling, water heating, and appliances. In particular, multiple-regression method is employed to construct the prediction model, and Residential Energy Consumption Survey (RECS) is used as the source data, which includes more than 12000 samples and has satisfactory data reliability.
As a result, many select factors are proven to be closely associated with certain energy end use. For instance, space heating/cooling energy consumption is greatly driven by the housing unit square feet, and a bigger house would result in more energy consumed in the heating and cooling sector...
Link permanente para citações: