Diante do crescente desenvolvimento da tecnologia da informação e da comunicação, o sistema educacional vem gradualmente modificando as estratégias de ensino-aprendizagem, adaptando para tanto, os tradicionais procedimentos e técnicas didáticas aos instrumentos tecnológicos fornecidos pelos ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem. O processo de avaliação e acompanhamento da aprendizagem nestes ambientes requer o uso de novas estratégias de ensino que congregue os recursos tecnológicos e a intervenção positiva do professor/tutor. Propõe-se um modelo de design instrucional estendido do "Integrative Learning Design Framework On-line" (ILDF) sob o enfoque da taxonomia dos objetivos educacionais de Bloom e do ciclo de aprendizagem vivencial de Kolb adaptado por Belhot para uma disciplina de pós-graduação em Engenharia de Produção. Este modelo foi implementado e avaliado na disciplina "Metodologia de Pesquisa para Engenharia" oferecida no primeiro semestre de 2008 para 14 alunos de pós-graduação de Engenharia de Produção e envolveu o planejamento, elaboração e disposição do material didático e de atividades orientadas no ambiente virtual de aprendizagem - Moodle. Sugere-se um protocolo de organização de estratégias dialógicas como os fóruns de discussões on-line e uma rubrica avaliativa sobre a qualidade...

Este estudo se propôs a analisar a relação entre grupos de eventos de aprendizagem e desenvolvimento de competência. Buscou-se compreender quais deles eram considerados mais relevantes para o desenvolvimento de diferentes competências do indivíduo no trabalho. Na revisão bibliográfica, quatro grupos de eventos de aprendizagem emergiram: Aprendizagem Conceitual, Aprendizagem Provocada, Aprendizagem Experiencial e Aprendizagem Experiencial Induzida. Estes grupos foram confrontados com quatro tipos de competências que foram selecionados a partir da análise de 28 tipologias: Social, Funcional, Cognitiva e Metacompetência. A pesquisa quantitativa contou com a análise de 223 respondentes válidos. A amostra foi composta por ex-alunos da FEA-USP dos cursos de administração, economia e contabilidade. Foram aplicados testes de análise de variância para avaliar as hipóteses e testes de análise de correspondência para o aprofundamento da análise. Os resultados evidenciaram a importância dos grupos de eventos de aprendizagem informal, sobretudo o de Aprendizagem Experiencial para o desenvolvimento das quatro competências avaliadas. Os grupos de eventos de aprendizagem formal desenvolvem menos todas as competências e são ainda menos relevantes para o desenvolvimento da Competência Social e da Competência Funcional...

O presente estudo analisou como a experiência pode ser o alicerce para o ensino de empreendedorismo, de forma que a aprendizagem tenha significado para os jovens graduandos. O ensino de empreendedorismo ainda é muitas vezes apenas focado na abertura de pequenas empresas, tendo o plano de negócios como sua base. Este alicerce utilizou as teorias da aprendizagem experiencial e aprendizagem significativa, conceituando o ensino de empreendedorismo pela articulação de ambas as teorias. Alguns aspectos foram estudados em profundidade e constituíram os objetivos específicos da presente tese: compreender o que deve ser ensinado em empreendedorismo na graduação, elaborar e testar um conjunto de propostas de aulas para a disciplina de empreendedorismo, levantar os estilos de aprendizagem das turmas investigadas e discutir as premissas da aprendizagem experiencial no âmbito do ensino de empreendedorismo. Por ser um tema ainda em construção, trata-se de uma pesquisa de natureza exploratória, qualitativa, sendo que a mesma foi desenhada em três fases: na fase 1 realizou-se o levantamento de dados secundários que proporcionou a fundamentação teórica da tese e o desenvolvimento do modelo conceitual; a fase 2 e a fase 3 correspondem à pesquisa empírica...

Enquanto alguns indivíduos preferem processar informações no mundo exterior (extrovertido/extrospectivo), outros preferem processá-las de forma reflexiva (introvertido/introspectivo). Tal diferença induz vivências distintas e portanto gera aprendizados distintos, mesmo para estudantes no mesmo ambiente de aprendizagem. O problema examinado nesta pesquisa foi a assimetria no aprendizado de Planejamento e Controle da Produção (PCP) por estudantes com diferentes Estilos de Aprendizagem (EA) do modelo Ativo/Sem-preferência/Reflexivo em ambiente dinamizado pelo jogo de empresas (JE) Politron. A pergunta problema da pesquisa foi: a vivência com JE gera uma experiência mais efetiva para o aprendizado dos estudantes com EA Ativo? O objetivo central foi testar a hipótese de entrosamento do EA Ativo-Reflexivo com o ambiente de aprendizagem. O aprendizado no domínio cognitivo foi verificado com uma prova objetiva. Pela taxonomia de Bloom (ANDERSON; KRATHWOHL, 2001), a prova testou o desempenho escolar para os objetivos de aprendizagem dos processos cognitivos (recordar, entender, aplicar e analisar) e dos tipos de conhecimento (fatual, conceitual e processual). Os EA Ativo-Reflexivo foram mapeados com o modelo index of learning styles (ILS) de Felder e Silverman (1988). Foram conduzidos dois quase-experimentos de teste antes e depois com amostras separadas. No primeiro...

The proposed research aims at consolidating two years of practical experience in developing a classroom experiential learning pedagogic approach for the problem structuring methods (PSMs) of operational research. The results will be prepared as papers to be submitted, respectively, to the Brazilian ISSS-sponsored system theory conference in São Paulo, and to JORS. These two papers follow the submission (in 2004) of one related paper to JORS which is about to be resubmitted following certain revisions. This first paper draws from the PSM and experiential learning literatures in order to introduce a basic foundation upon which a pedagogic framework for experiential learning of PSMs may be built. It forms, in other words, an integral part of my research in this area. By September, the area of pedagogic approaches to PSM learning will have received its first official attention - at the UK OR Society conference. My research and paper production during July-December, therefore, coincide with an important time in this area, enabling me to form part of the small cohort of published researchers creating the foundations upon which future pedagogic research will build. On the institutional level, such pioneering work also raises the national and international profile of FGVEAESP...

As institutions of higher education struggle to stay relevant, competitive, accessible, and flexible, they are scrambling to attend to a shift in focus for new students. This shift involves experiential learning. The purpose of this major research paper was to examine the existing structures, to seek gaps in the experiential learning programs, and to devise a framework to move forward. The specific focus was on experiential learning at Brock University in the Faculty of Applied Health Sciences. The methodology was underscored with cognitive constructivism and appreciative theory. Data collection involved content analysis steps established by Krippendorff (2004) and Weber (1985). Data analysis involved the four dimensions of reflection designed by LaBoskey, including the purpose, context, content, and procedures. The results developed understandings on the state of formal processes and pathways within service learning. A tool kit was generated that defines service learning and offers an overview of the types of service learning typically employed. The tool kit acts as a reference guide for those interested in implementing experiential learning courses. Importantly, the results also provided 10 key points in experiential learning courses by Emily Allan. A flow chart illustrates the connections among each of the 10 points...

This study examined the practice and implementation of undergraduate student internships in Ontario, Canada. A literature review revealed that implementation of internships at the undergraduate level in Ontario varies within campuses by faculty and department and also across the university spectrum, partly due to a lack of consistency and structure guiding internship practice in Ontario. Moreover, a lack of general consensus among participating stakeholders concerning the philosophy and approach to internship further complicates and varies its practice. While some departments and universities have started to embrace and implement more experiential learning opportunities into their curriculum, the practice of undergraduate internships is struggling to gain acceptance and validity in others. Using the theory of experiential learning as presented by Dewey (1938) and Kolb (1984) as theoretical frameworks, this research project developed an internship implementation strategy to provide structure and guidance to the practice of internships in Ontario’s undergraduate university curriculum.

This paper tests experiential learning as a debiasing tool against gambling and lottery behavior in South Africa. The study implemented a simple, interactive dice game that simulates worsening winning odds of rolling sixes as more dice are added to the game. The analysis exploits two levels of exogenous variation, first from random assignment into the debiasing game, and second from the number of rolls it takes to obtain the sixes. Treated individuals who needed above-median number of rolls to obtain simultaneous sixes are significantly less likely than the control group to gamble or play the lottery in the following year. The converse is true for individuals who needed below-median number of rolls, suggesting a perverse treatment effect among this group. The analysis also finds suggestive evidence that the debiasing affected the sensitivity to varying winning odds. Changes in entertainment utility or risk preferences cannot explain these findings, rather the results are consistent with changes in risk beliefs.

In Indigenous policy circles there is an increasingly desperate desire to lift the educational and employment outcomes of remote Indigenous students, relative to their non-Indigenous peers in the rest of Australia. A lack of engagement with education and a scarcity of jobs underpin this policy anxiety. This paper queries some current policy approaches to these issues and seeks to provide a practical and grounded perspective to education programs in remote Indigenous Australia. We question and challenge the weight current policy agendas are ascribing to literacy and numeracy attainment through direct and classroom based instruction. Alternatively, we seek to reinvigorate the notion that quality education can comprise other modes of learning and include community based educational approaches. As an example we outline the importance of Indigenous land and sea management (ILSM) as a development and employment activity for Indigenous people living in remote regions of Australia, and show how remote education programs are connecting to ILSM to provide local ‘Learning through Country’ solutions. From research conducted in a diversity of remote Aboriginal education and employment contexts, we find that there is a commonality of issues confronting attempts to link education with work and development activity. We finish by giving voice to some of these issues and offer insights relevant for educators and policy makers.

The role of clinical placement and experiential learning in the education and preparation of nurses is complex and difficult to research. The outcomes of nursing education, particularly in relation to the care of patients in acute care settings, are equally challenging. This study was conducted to address the question, ‘How does the teaching model and duration of clinical placement, within an undergraduate nursing program, affect clinical skill acquisition and nursing practice? The study describes the application of case study methodology to the experiences of sixteen graduate nurses within a large South Australian metropolitan hospital. Each participant (case) described through interview, their university and clinical placement experiences. A survey conducted at the same time as the interview focused on the participant’s skills and knowledge of interventions for pressure area care, falls and pneumonia. This emphasis was to examine if the nature of the clinical placement experience was influential in developing the capabilities of graduate nurses. A range of analysis techniques including thematic analysis, parametric and non-parametric analysis and a unique approach using qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) enabled the formation of a case report. As the participants had attended various universities...

This paper examines whether the introduction of entrepreneurship education based on concepts of experiential learning into the university curriculum has had any positive effect on changing the entrepreneurial perceptions, intentions and competencies of tertiary education students. The paper uses Kolb’s model of experiential learning as a conceptual framework to interpret the actions taken by the Singapore universities in introducing various forms of entrepreneurship education schemes. Although it finds that there is evidence to support claims that entrepreneurship education based on experiential learning in undergraduate courses has had a positive effect on changing entrepreneurial perceptions and intentions among Singapore university students, the findings for entrepreneurial competencies are inconclusive as important aspects of tolerance of failure and opportunity recognition do not seem to have been positively affected.; Pi-Shen Seet and Lip-Chai Seet

This single-case study provides a description and explanation of selected adult students' perspectives on the impact that the development of an experiential learning portfolio had on their understanding of their professional and personal lives. The conceptual framework that undergirded the study included theoretical and empirical studies on adult learning, experiential learning, and the academic quality of nontraditional degree programs with a portfolio component. The study employed qualitative data collection techniques of individual interviews, document review, field notes, and researcher journal. A purposive sample of 8 adult students who completed portfolios as a component of their undergraduate degrees participated in the study. The 4 male and 4 female students who were interviewed represented 4 ethnic/racial groups and ranged in age from 32 to 55 years. Each student's portfolio was read prior to the interview to frame the semi-structured interview questions in light of written portfolio documents. ^ Students were interviewed twice over a 3-month period. The study lasted 8 months from data collection to final presentation of the findings. The data from interview transcriptions and student portfolios were analyzed, categorized...

There were three purposes to this study. The first purpose was to determine how learning can be influenced by various factors i~ the rock climbing experience. The second purpose was to examine what people can learn from the rock climbing experience. The third purpose was to investigate whether that learning can transfer from the rock climbing experience to the subjects' real life in the workplace. Ninety employees from a financial corporation in the Niagara Region volunteered for this study. All subjects were surveyed throughout a one-day treatment. Ten were purposefully selected one month later for interviews. Ten themes emerged from the subjects in terms of what was learned. Inspiration, motivation, and determination, preparation, goals and limitations, perceptions and expectations, confidence and risk taking, trust and support, teamwork, feedback and encouragement, learning from failure, and finally, skills and flow. All participants were able to transfer what was learned back to the workplace. The results of this study suggested that subjects' learning was influenced by their ability to: take risks in a safe environment, fail without penalty, support each other, plan without time constraints, and enjoy the company of fellow workers that they wouldn't normally associate with. Future directions for research should include different types of treatments such as white water rafting...

Experiential Learning Instruments (ELls) are employed to modify the leamer's apprehension and / or comprehension in experiential learning situations, thereby improving the efficiency and effectiveness of those modalities in the learning process. They involve the learner in reciprocally interactive and determining transactions with his/her environment. Experiential Learning Instruments are used to keep experiential learning a process rather than an object. Their use is aimed at the continual refinement of the learner's knowledge and skill. Learning happens as the leamer's awareness, directed by the use of Ells, comes to experience, monitor and then use experiential feedback from living situations in a way that facilitates knmvledge/skill acquisition, self-correction and refinement. The thesis examined the literature relevant to the establishing of a theoretical experiential learning framework within which ELls can be understood. This framework included the concept that some learnings have intrinsic value-knowledge of necessary information-while others have instrumental value-knowledge of how to learn. The Kolb Learning Cycle and Kolb's six characteristics of experiential learning were used in analyzing three ELls from different fields of learning-saxophone tone production...

Learner autonomy, the ability to take charge of one’s own learning, is one of the most valuable skills educators can encourage their students to develop. The ability to learn how to learn provides opportunities for students not only to take responsibility for their own learning, but also to determine its direction. What are the avenues one can take to promote the development of learner autonomy? A large body of literature articulating the importance of learning as a structured, experiential process has emerged over the last three decades. The research of John Dewey and David Kolb regarding experiential education has contributed to the formal structure of a method of this kind of learning. Kurt Hahn, whose ideas about experiential learning stress reflection and also solitude, a state of being alone, offer a significant connection to psychologist Mihalyi Csikszentmihalyi’s flow theory, where one is “intensely involved in a meaningful activity [and is] able to remain focused for the length of time needed to achieve a deeply valued goal (Csikszentmihalyi, 2008, p. 6). This connection is seen most clearly in what Csikszentmihalyi suggests are the conditions for flow, one of which is concentration. The ability to concentrate is certainly a condition for higher learning processes and is therefore an important condition to take into consideration with regard to education and learning. Conditions for concentration however...

Experiential learning may be conceived as a social communicative process that displays agency, which indicates autonomous construction of meanings during social process. This paper explores social conditions and cultural presuppositions of experiential learning, showing that it can be successfully enhanced through a form of dialogue which empowers participants' personal expression of ideas and emotions. The specific meanings of empowering dialogue are the promotion and fair distribution of active participation in interaction (equity), the display of sensitivity towards the interlocutors' interests and/or needs (empathy), and the treatment of disagreements and alternative perspectives as enrichments in communication. These meanings are explored through the analysis of transcriptions of videotaped interactions which were collected in four international residential camps for adolescents, coordinated by expert adults. First, the analysis of the data shows those adults' dialogic actions which work effectively in promoting experiential learning: appreciations, acknowledgement tokens, affective non-verbal behaviour, continuers, formulations, promotional questions, direct invitations and suggestions. Second, the analysis identifies the main obstacles for empowering dialogue...

A aprendizagem experiencial pode ser concebida como um processo social de comunicação que demonstra agência, o que indica a construção autônoma de significados durante o processo social. Este artigo explora as condições sociais e pressupostos culturais de aprendizagem experiencial, mostrando que ela pode ser melhorada através de uma forma de diálogo que potencializa a expressão pessoal de idéias e emoções dos participantes. Os significados específicos do diálogo empoderador são a promoção e distribuição justa da participação ativa na interação (equidade), a demonstração de sensibilidade para os interesses e/ou necessidades dos interlocutores (empatia), e o tratamento de divergências e perspectivas alternativas como enriquecimentos em comunicação. Esses significados são explorados através da análise das transcrições das interações filmadas que foram coletadas em quatro acampamentos internacionais para adolescentes, coordenados por especialistas adultos. Em primeiro lugar, a análise dos dados mostra as ações dialógicas desses adultos, ações essas que funcionam eficazmente para promover a aprendizagem experiencial: elogios, símbolos de reconhecimento, comportamento não-verbal afetivo, continuadores...

This paper reports on the implementation of a model that infuses service-learning into a four-year foundation phase teacher education programme. We argue for an integrated curriculum design utilising specifically the teaching (laboratory) school of the faculty, not only for clinical experience or work-integrated learning, but also for service-learning. In this way, the relation of the teacher education programme to the teaching school and its location within Soweto, an area within Johannesburg, optimises the affordances of learning from and through experience for students. The service-learning activities were designed to inform and draw on students' practical and situational learning (learning in and about context) and address the notions of integrated and applied knowledge in the 'Minimum Requirements for Teacher Education Qualifications' (RSA DHET 2011). We argue in this paper that the incremental inclusion of service-learning over a four-year period and the varied nature of the service-learning projects within the programme extend students' learning from practice, provide opportunities for students to see people outside of formal education as 'experts' who have something to contribute to their education, and maximize the potential civic and academic outcomes for students.

Most educational institutions that offer health related qualifications make use of clinical skills laboratories. These spaces are generally used for the demonstration and assessment of clinical skills. The purpose of this paper is to share our experiences related to the revitalization of skills training by introducing the skills lab method at the School of Nursing (SoN), University of the Western Cape (UWC). To accommodate the contextual changes as a result of the restructuring of the higher education landscape in 2003, the clinical skills training programme at UWC had to be reviewed. With a dramatic increase in the student numbers and a reduction in hospital beds, the skills lab method provided students with an opportunity to develop clinical skills prior to their placement in real service settings. The design phase centred on adopting a skills training methodology that articulates with the case-based approach used by the SoN. Kolb's, experiential learning cycle provided the theoretical underpinning for the methodology. The planning phase was spent on the development of resources. Eight staff members were trained by our international higher education collaborators who also facilitated the training of clinical supervisors and simulated patients. The physical space had to be redesigned to accommodate audio visual and information technology to support the phases of the skills lab method. The implementation of the skills lab method was phased in from the first-year level. An interactive seminar held after the first year of implementation provided feedback from all the role players and was mostly positive. The results of introducing the skills lab method include: a move by students towards self-directed clinical skills development...

INTRODUCTION: Globalisation heightens the need for diverse learning experiences regarding human occupation. This article describes a two-phase redesign of an undergraduate occupational science course that generated community outings in the United States (U.S.) and synchronous online interactions between U.S. and Swedish students. Via experiential learning opportunities, the course redesign aimed to enhance students' understanding of occupational science and occupational therapy concepts as well as how such concepts are taken up across global contexts. METHOD: 96 undergraduate U.S. occupational science students participated in community outings, and 52 of those students also participated in synchronous online interactions with 35 undergraduate Swedish occupational therapy student peers. U.S. students provided feedback about the community outings and synchronous online interactions via written course evaluations and reflections. RESULTS: U.S. students perceived community outings and synchronous online interactions as positive learning opportunities but also suggested possible improvements which have been implemented in subsequent iterations of the course. CONCLUSIONS: When accompanied by structured reflective opportunities, local and global experiential learning can positively impact students. It is important to consider how experiential learning fits within course objectives...