O objetivo de um sistema elétrico de potência é gerar energia elétrica e fornecer continuamente esta energia aos usuários finais dentro de padrões de qualidade aceitáveis. Neste contexto, diferentes aplicações usando algoritmos genéticos (AGs) para resolver problemas relacionados a sistemas elétricos de potência são apresentadas neste trabalho. A estimação de harmônicos, estudos relativos aos relés de freqüência e aplicações da proteção de distância são os assuntos investigados nesta tese. Para análise harmônica foram consideradas freqüências em sistemas de potência de até a vigésima quinta ordem, as quais foram estimadas pelos AGs e comparadas àquelas resultantes da análise quando da aplicação da Transformada Discreta de Fourier (TDF). Com respeito aos relés de freqüência, o objetivo foi estimar a amplitude, freqüência e ângulo de fase para diversas situações de formas de ondas utilizando uma nova estrutura que possa ser implementada dispondo em FPGAs (Field Programmable Gate Array). Finalmente, aplicados à proteção de distância, o principal propósito dos AGs foi identificar os fasores fundamentais da tensão e corrente e, então, calcular a impedância da linha medida pelo relé de distância associado. Cabe ressaltar que estes resultados também foram comparados ao método clássico da TDF. Todas as três abordagens foram formuladas como problemas de otimização...

The quality of the supplied power by electricity utilities is regulated and of concern to the end user. Power quality disturbances include interruptions, sags, swells, transients and harmonic distortion. The instruments used to measure these disturbances have to satisfy minimum requirements set by international standards. In this paper, an analysis of multi-harmonic least-squares fitting algorithms applied to total harmonic distortion (THD) estimation is presented. The results from the different least-squares algorithms are compared with the results from the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) algorithm. The algorithms are assessed in the different testing states required by the standards.

The identification of the cyclical and seasonal variations can be very important in time series. In this paper, the aim is to identify the presence of cyclical or seasonal variations in the indices of the multipath effect on continuous GPS (Global Positioning System) stations. Due to the model used to obtain these indices, there should not have cyclical variations in these series, at least due to the multipath effect. In order to identify the presence of cyclical variations in these series, correlograms and Fourier periodograms were analyzed. The Fisher test for seasonality was applied to confirm the presence of statistical significant seasonality. In addition, harmonic models were adjusted to check in which months of the year the cyclical effects are occurring in the multipath indices. The possible causes of these effects are pointed out, which will direct the upcoming investigations, as well as the analysis and correlations of other series. The importance of this analysis is mainly due to the fact that errors in the collected signals of these stations will directly influence the accuracy of the results of the whole community that directly or indirectly uses GPS data.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Rochester. Dept. of Mathematics, 2012.; The main theme of this work is the application of continuous incidence theory to various interesting problems in geometry, geometric measure theory, and analytic number theory. We first prove a fractal analog of the regular value theorem from differential geometry. Next, we use Fourier analytic methods to prove a result concerning the problem of counting integer lattice points in a neighborhood of variable coefficient families of surfaces. By studying Cartesian products of suitably large subsets of Rd restricted by a family of relations, we demonstrate a generalization of the Falconer distance problem, from geometric measure theory, to the case of a certain finite point configuration. Finally, we show that the distance set, induced by a convex centrally symmetric body B with smooth boundary and everywhere non-vanishing curvature, of a sufficiently large subset of Rd, contains an interval. The mapping properties of generalized Radon transforms, which average functions over families of curves and surfaces, are used to prove the continuous incidence theorems which provide a unifying theme throughout. Connections are made between harmonic analysis, geometric measure theory...

This thesis is focussed on the development of new signal processing techniques to analyse signals defined on the sphere. Analysis and processing of signals defined on the sphere find applications in various fields of science and engineering, such as cosmology, geophysics and medical imaging. The objective to develop new signal processing methods is served by formulating, extending and tailoring existing Euclidean domain signal processing theories in ways that they become suitable for analysis of signals defined on the sphere. The first part of this thesis develops a new type of convolution between two signals on the sphere. This is the first type of convolution on the sphere which is commutative. Two other advantages, in comparison with existing definitions in the literature, are that the new convolution admits anisotropic filters and signals and the domain of the output remains on the sphere. The spectral analysis of the convolution is provided and a fast algorithm for efficient computation of convolution output is developed. The second part of the thesis is focused on the development of signal processing techniques to analyse signals on the sphere in joint spatio-spectral~(spatial-spectral) domain. A transform analogous to short-time Fourier transform(STFT) in time-frequency analysis is formulated for signals defined on the sphere...

In this paper we propose to develop harmonic analysis on the Poincaré ball $B_t^n$, a model of the n-dimensional real hyperbolic space. The Poincaré ball $B_t^n$ is the open ball of the Euclidean n-space $R^n$ with radius $t>0$, centered at the origin of $R^n$ and equipped with Möbius addition, thus forming a Möbius gyrogroup where Möbius addition in the ball plays the role of vector addition in $\mathbb{R}^n$. For any $t>0$ and an arbitrary parameter $\sigma \in R$ we study the $(\sigma,t)$-translation, the $( \sigma,t)$-convolution, the eigenfunctions of the $(\sigma,t)$-Laplace-Beltrami operator, the $(\sigma,t)$-Helgason Fourier transform, its inverse transform and the associated Plancherel's Theorem, which represent counterparts of standard tools, thus, enabling an effective theory of hyperbolic harmonic analysis. Moreover, when $t \rightarrow +\infty$ the resulting hyperbolic harmonic analysis on $B_t^n$ tends to the standard Euclidean harmonic analysis on $R^n$, thus unifying hyperbolic and Euclidean harmonic analysis. As an application we construct diffusive wavelets on $B_t^n$.

In this paper we study harmonic analysis on the Einstein gyrogroup of the open ball of R$^n$, $n \in N,$ centered at the origin and with arbitrary radius $t \in R^+,$ associated to the generalised Laplace-Beltrami operator $$ L_{\sigma,t} = \disp \left( 1 - \frac{\|x\|^2}{t^2} \right) \!\left( \Delta - \sum_{i,j=1}^n \frac{x_i x_j}{t^2} \frac{\partial^2}{\partial x_i \partial x_j} - \frac{\kappa}{t^2} \sum_{i=1}^n x_i \frac{\partial}{\partial x_i} + \frac{\kappa(2-\kappa)}{4t^2} \right)$$ where $\kappa=n+\sigma$ and $\sigma \in {\mathbb R}$ is an arbitrary parameter. The generalised harmonic analysis for $L_{\sigma,t}$ gives rise to the $(\sigma,t)$-translation, the $(\sigma,t)$-convolution, the $(\sigma,t)$-spherical Fourier transform, the $(\sigma,t)$-Poisson transform, the $(\sigma,t)$-Helgason Fourier transform, its inverse transform and Plancherel's Theorem. In the limit of large $t,$ $t \rightarrow +\infty,$ the resulting hyperbolic harmonic analysis tends to the standard Euclidean harmonic analysis on $R^n,$ thus unifying hyperbolic and Euclidean harmonic analysis.

1 CD-ROM : il.; La Tomografía local, llamada también tomografía interior, está dentro de los denominados problemas inversos. Este consiste en recuperar los valores de una imagen (función), en alguna región de interés, conociendo las proyecciones de rectas que atraviesan una región de estudio en la imagen (función). Debido a que la teoría de Wavelets es una alternativa que permite representar una señal en un espacio de tiempo-frecuencia, facilita el procesamiento local de señales no estacionarias. Lo anterior, es propicio en este proyecto, ya que, además de poder descomponer los datos de una imagen en coeficientes de altas y bajas frecuencias para su análisis; la transformada Wavelet de f puede ser recuperada localmente desde proyecciones locales. En este trabajo, se estudian y se aplican las transformadas que intervienen en el problema interior de tomografía local. Se describe y aplica el denominado Análisis Multirresolución y se utilizan bases de wavelets biortogonales para la localización y solución de dicho problema.; Introducción -- 1. Preliminares -- 1.1. Introducción -- 1.2. Transformada de Fourier -- 1.2.1. Serie de Fourier -- 1.3. Distribuciones y espacios de Sobolev -- 1.3.1. Espacios de Sobolev -- 1.4. Transformada de Hilbert -- 1.4.1. Propiedades de la transformada de Hilbert -- 1.4.2. La transformada de hilbert 2D -- 1.5. Transformada de rayos X y de Radon 1.5.1. Transformada continua de Radon -- 1.5.2. La Transformada continua de Radon en Rn . -- 1.5.3. Propiedades básicas de la Transformada continua de Radon -- 1.5.4. Operador Retroproyección 1.5.5. Fórmula de retroproyección filtrada -- 2. Introducción a las wavelets 25 -- 2.1. Introducción -- 2.2. Transformadas wavelets -- 2.2.1. Transformada wavelet continua -- 2.2.2. Transformada wavelet discreta -- 2.2.3. Transformada wavelet semicontinua -- 2.2.4. Transformada Rápida Wavelet -- 2.3. Análisis Multiresolución -- 2.3.1. Base Ortonormal de wavelets ψj...

Las wavelets y el análisis de multirresolución constituyen una potente herramienta para afrontar problemas fundamentales en el tratamiento de señales. Entre ellos se encuentran la reducción del ruido, la compresión de señales (de mucha importancia tanto en la transmisión de grandes cantidades de datos como en su almacenamiento) o la detección de determinados patrones o irregularidades locales en ciertos tipos de señales (electrocardiogramas, huellas digitales, vibraciones de motores, defectos de soldadura entre placas de acero, entre otras) (ver, p.e., [1], [7], [9], [11], [12], [18], [20], [23], [24], [30], [42], [47]). Esta moderna teoría ha experimentado un gran desarrollo en las dos últimas décadas mostrándose muy eficiente donde otras técnicas, como por ejemplo, la transformada rápida de Fourier no resultaban satisfactorias.; v, 95 p.; Contenido parcial: Introducción a las wavelets -- Compresión de imágenes usando wavelets -- El problema de la compresión de imágenes -- Manual del usuario y anexos.

This paper proposes a method to reproduce the Head Related Transfer Function (HRTF) in the horizontal auditory scene. The method is based on a separable representation which consists of a Fourier Bessel series expansion for the spectral components and a c

In a previous paper $[$B,V-1$]$, an algebra of holomorphic ``perikernels'' on a complexified hyperboloid $ X^{(c)}_{d-1} $ (in $\Bbb C^d)$ has been introduced; each perikernel $ {\cal K} $ can be seen as the analytic continuation of a kernel $ {\bf K} $ on the unit sphere $ \Bbb S^{d-1} $ in an appropriate ``cut-domain'' , while the jump of $ {\cal K} $ across the corresponding ``cut'' defines a Volterra kernel $ K $ (in the sense of J. Faraut $\lbrack$Fa-1$\rbrack$) on the one-sheeted hyperboloid $ X_{d-1} $ (in $ \Bbb R^d). $ \par In the present paper, we obtain results of harmonic analysis for classes of perikernels which are invariant under the group $ {\rm SO}(d,\Bbb C) $ and of moderate growth at infinity. For each perikernel $ {\cal K} $ in such a class, the Fourier-Legendre coefficients of the corresponding kernel $ {\bf K} $ on $ \Bbb S^{d-1} $ admit a carlsonian analytic interpolation $ \tilde F(\lambda) $ in a half-plane, which is the ``spherical Laplace transform''\ of the associated Volterra kernel $K$ on $ X_{d-1}. $ Moreover, the composition law $ {\cal K }= {\cal K}_1\ast^{( c)}{\cal K}_2 $ for perikernels (interpreted in terms of convolutions for the

We show that the $\star$-product for $U(su_2)$, group Fourier transform and effective action arising in [1] in an effective theory for the integer spin Ponzano-Regge quantum gravity model are compatible with the noncommutative bicovariant differential calculus, quantum group Fourier transform and noncommutative scalar field theory previously proposed for 2+1 Euclidean quantum gravity using quantum group methods in [2]. The two are related by a classicalisation map which we introduce. We show, however, that noncommutative spacetime has a richer structure which already sees the half-integer spin information. We argue that the anomalous extra `time' dimension seen in the noncommutative geometry should be viewed as the renormalisation group flow visible in the coarse-graining in going from $SU_2$ to $SO_3$. Combining our methods we develop practical tools for noncommutative harmonic analysis for the model including radial quantum delta-functions and Gaussians, the Duflo map and elements of `noncommutative sampling theory'. This allows us to understand the bandwidth limitation in 2+1 quantum gravity arising from the bounded $SU_2$ momentum and to interpret the Duflo map as noncommutative compression. Our methods also provide a generalised twist operator for the $\star$-product.; Comment: 53 pages latex...

The purpose of this article is to survey certain aspects of multilinear harmonic analysis related to notions of transversality. Particular emphasis will be placed on the multilinear restriction theory for the euclidean Fourier transform, multilinear oscillatory integrals, multilinear geometric inequalities, multilinear Radon-like transforms, and the interplay between them.; Comment: 28 pages. Article based on a short course given at the 9th International Conference on Harmonic Analysis and Partial Differential Equations, El Escorial, 2012

This paper describes a method of calculating the transforms, currently obtained via Fourier and reverse Fourier transforms. The method allows calculating efficiently the transforms of a signal having an arbitrary dimension of the digital representation by reducing the transform to a vector-to-circulant matrix multiplying. There is a connection between harmonic equations in rectangular and polar coordinate systems. The connection established here and used to create a very robust iterative algorithm for a conformal mapping calculation. There is also suggested a new ratio (and an efficient way of computing it) of two oscillative signals.; Comment: This new twist in harmonic analysis was primary introduced in Milwaukee's conference http://www.eit-conference.info/papers.asp

Last years there was increasing an interest to the so called function spaces with non-standard growth, known also as variable exponent Lebesgue spaces. For weighted such spaces on homogeneous spaces, we develop a certain variant of Rubio de Francia's extrapolation theorem. This extrapolation theorem is applied to obtain the boundedness in such spaces of various operators of harmonic analysis, such as maximal and singular operators, potential operators, Fourier multipliers, dominants of partial sums of trigonometric Fourier series and others, in weighted Lebesgue spaces with variable exponent. There are also given their vector-valued analogues.; Comment: 29 pages

These notes present a first graduate course in harmonic analysis. The first part emphasizes Fourier series, since so many aspects of harmonic analysis arise already in that classical context. The Hilbert transform is treated on the circle, for example, where it is used to prove L^p convergence of Fourier series. Maximal functions and Calderon--Zygmund decompositions are treated in R^d, so that they can be applied again in the second part of the course, where the Fourier transform is studied. The final part of the course treats band limited functions, Poisson summation and uncertainty principles. Distribution functions and interpolation are covered in the Appendices. The references at the beginning of each chapter provide guidance to students who wish to delve more deeply, or roam more widely, in the subject.; Comment: 176 pages

This paper is devoted to the study of harmonic analysis on quantum tori. We consider several summation methods on these tori, including the square Fej\'er means, square and circular Poisson means, and Bochner-Riesz means. We first establish the maximal inequalities for these means, then obtain the corresponding pointwise convergence theorems. In particular, we prove the noncommutative analogue of the classical Stein theorem on Bochner-Riesz means. The second part of the paper deals with Fourier multipliers on quantum tori. We prove that the completely bounded $L_p$ Fourier multipliers on a quantum torus are exactly those on the classical torus of the same dimension. Finally, we present the Littlewood-Paley theory associated with the circular Poisson semigroup on quantum tori. We show that the Hardy spaces in this setting possess the usual properties of Hardy spaces, as one can expect. These include the quantum torus analogue of Fefferman's $\mathrm{H}_1$-BMO duality theorem and interpolation theorems. Our analysis is based on the recent developments of noncommutative martingale/ergodic inequalities and Littlewood-Paley-Stein theory.

This paper investigates the mathematical nature of qualitative uncertainty principle (QUP), which plays an important role in mathematics, physics and engineering fields. Consider a 3-tuple (K, H1, H2) that K: H1 -> H2 is an integral operator. Suppose a signal f in H1, {\Omega}1 and {\Omega}2 are domains on which f, Kf define respectively. Does this signal f vanish if |{\Sigma}(f)|<|{\Omega}1|and|{\Sigma}(Kf)|<|{\Omega}2|? The excesses and deficiencies of integral kernel K({\omega}, t) are found to be greatly related to this general formulation of QUP. The complete point theory of integral kernel is so established to deal with the QUP. This theory addresses the density and linear independence of integral kernels. Some algebraic and geometric properties of complete points are presented. It is shown that the satisfaction of QUP depends on the existence of some complete points. By recognizing complete points of their corresponding integral kernels, the QUP with Fourier transform, Wigner-Ville distribution, Gabor transform and wavelet are studied. It is shown the QUP only holds for good behaved integral operators. An investigation of full violation of QUP shows that L2 space is large for high resolution harmonic analysis. And the invertible linear integral transforms whose kernels are complete in L2 probably lead to the satisfaction of QUP. It indicates the performance limitation of linear integral transforms in harmonic analysis. Two possible ways bypassing uncertainty principle...

The 2D Fourier Descriptor is an elegant and powerful technique for 2D shape analysis. This paper intends to extend such technique to 3D. Though conceptually natural, such an extension is not trivial in that two critical problems, the spherical parametrization and invariants construction, must be solved. By using a newly developed surface parametrization method-the discrete conformal mapping (DCM) - we propose a 3D Fourier Descriptor (3D-FD) for representing and recognizing arbitrarily-complex genus-zero mesh objects. A new DCM algorithm is suggested which solves the first problem efficiently. We also derive a method to construct a truly complete set of Spherical Harmonic invariants. The 3D-FD descriptors have been tested on different complex mesh objects. Experiment results for shape representation are satisfactory.

Urias Estuary, a coastal lagoon in northwestern Mexico, is impacted by multiple anthropogenic stressors. Its hydrodynamics (and consequent contaminant dispersion) is mainly controlled by tidal currents. To better manage the coastal lagoon, accurate tidal-level forecasting is needed. Here we compare the predictions of sea level rise simulated by a conventional harmonic analysis, through Fourier spectral analysis, and by nonlinear autoregressive models based on artificial neural networks, both calibrated and validated using field data. Results showed that nonlinear autoregressive networks are useful to simulate the sea level over a time scale of several days (<10 days), in comparison to harmonic analysis, which can be used for longer time scales (>10 days). We concluded that the joint use of both methods may lead to a more robust strategy to forecast the sea level in the coastal lagoon.