A Vigilância Sanitária (VISA) compõe, contemporânea e institucionalmente, o campo de ação da Saúde Coletiva no âmbito do Sistema Único de Saúde denominado de Vigilância em Saúde. As ações de VISA são conduzidas pelo Sistema Nacional de VISA, onde coexiste uma multiplicidade de formas de implementá-las, resultando em uma heterogênea capacidade de eliminar, diminuir e prevenir riscos à saúde, bem como de intervir em problemas sanitários. Essas variações indicam a necessidade de um processo de avaliação sistemático e abrangente para a VISA, apontando diferenças e desigualdades nas formas de implementar suas ações e superando as fragilidades presentes na avaliação vigente. Esta tese propõe um método para a avaliação da VISA, tendo como principais características: avaliar a implantação da VISA com um propósito formativo; incorporar as diretrizes e subdiretrizes propostas pelo Plano Diretor de VISA; basear-se em um modelo sociológico inter-relacionado e multidimensional, composto pelas dimensões Adaptação (A), Alcance de Metas (M), Processos de Trabalho (P) e manutenção da Cultura e Valores (CV); investigar medidas de desempenho e sua dinâmica; caracterizar metas de VISA, distinguindo-as de seus processos de trabalho; propor a avaliação da Segurança em Cadeias de Risco; produzir e integrar informações sobre a VISA em nível operacional...

Com o objetivo de analisar o processo de avaliação do Curso de Medicina da UEL e a partir deste, conhecer o desempenho de seus estudantes, em comparação com outros cursos de medicina do país, este estudo possibilitou o acompanhamento do processo de avaliação desenvolvido pelo curso nos moldes do SINAES (auto-avaliação, avaliação externa e reavaliação) e a análise dos resultados obtidos por seus estudantes no ENADE 2004. Considerando que o Curso utiliza Metodologias Ativas de Ensinoaprendizagem no desenvolvimento do currículo integrado, comparou-se o desempenho de seus estudantes com o desempenho de estudantes de Escolas Médicas que utilizam Metodologias de Ensino semelhantes e diferentes. Para compreender esse processo foi necessário analisar a Educação Superior e a Educação Médica, e o papel da avaliação no contexto das mudanças, particularmente na mudança de paradigma da Educação Médica. Os resultados demonstraram que o desempenho dos estudantes da UEL supera a média dos grupos estudados e equivale aos resultados dos estudantes das melhores escolas do país, considerando os resultados do ENADE 2004. O estudo reforçou a importância do papel da avaliação nos processos de mudança da Educação Superior; The aims of the present study were to analyze the evaluation process of the Medical School (MS-UEL) at the State University of Londrina-Brazil and to compare the academic performance of its students to their fellows from other Medical Schools throughout the country. This study also provided to the MS-UEL the chance to follow its own evaluation process which was developed according to SINAES (self-evaluation...

This work focalize the institutional and educational evaluation, aiming to investigate the Municipal System Institutional Evaluation Performance of Teresina City Piauí (2001-2005), and to reflect about Institutional System Performance and its contribution to compose a new learning evaluation practice. In this sense, classifies elements about the evaluation practice in two Elementary Education municipal public schools, involving Education Municipal Bureau technicians as managers, pedagogues, teachers and students. Based on the ethnographic studies principles in the educational area, the work employs investigative procedures like document analysis, interviews with groups and individuals and also participator s comments. Intending to comprehend the complexity produced by the institutional and education evaluation processes, the wok reveals the Institutional Evaluation legal and educational political basis and the several positions assumed by the Learning Evaluation, as a classification tool or as a learning enhancement. This work points, as results, to a evaluation culture bipolarity carried out by the Municipal Education System as a explicit control and regulation toll, related to the classification and learning in a interaction process that operates both in the pressure and the reflection...

The World Bank support for public sector reform has grown notably in recent years. To address the questions of what is working and why in this area, the Independent Evaluation Group (IEG) has examined Bank lending and other support for public sector reform in four areas: public financial management, administrative and civil service, revenue administration, and anticorruption and transparency. A majority of countries that borrowed to support public sector reform improved their performance in some dimensions, but there were shortcomings in important aspects. Middle-income borrowers saw improvements in their public sector quality more frequently than low-income borrowers, even though the low-income group usually had greater needs for public sector improvement. Performance usually improved for public financial management, tax administration, and transparency, but not for civil service. Direct measures to reduce corruption, such as anticorruption laws and commissions, rarely succeeded, as they often lacked the necessary support from political elites and the judicial system.

The Independent Evaluation Group (IEG) assessed the effectiveness of Bank support for decentralization between fiscal 1990 and 2007 in 20 countries, seeking to inform the design and implementation of future support. Given the difficulties of measuring the results of decentralization, the evaluation used intermediate outcome indicators such as strengthened legal and regulatory frameworks for intergovernmental relations, improved administrative capacity, and increased accountability of subnational governments and functionaries to higher levels of government and to citizens to assess the results of Bank support in these 20 countries. To examine potential lessons at a sectoral level, the evaluation also assessed whether Bank support for decentralization improved intermediate outcomes for service delivery in the education sector in 6 of the 20 countries. Bank support contributed to more effective decentralization substantially in more than one-third of the 20 cases and modestly in the others. The most successful aspects of Bank support pertained to the legal frameworks for intergovernmental relations...

The 2005 Annual Report on Operations Evaluation (AROE) focuses on the country because it is the main unit of account for monitoring, managing, and evaluating performance. It examines Country Assistance Strategies (CASs) for how well they link country goals, CAS outcomes, and Bank programming. It also examines how Bank information from M&E systems is actually used to manage the performance of Bank country programs. Finally, the report takes stock of the measures taken since the 2003 and 2004 Annual Reports on Operations Evaluation to strengthen the results focus in monitoring and evaluation. A review of Country Assistance Strategies conducted for the 2005 AROE found that most attempted to link country development goals with CAS outcomes and Bank interventions. These linkages were better developed in education, health, and the environment than in other disciplines. These particular CASs included performance measures to track progress toward achieving goals and outcomes. However, many of these measures lacked baselines...

This paper is discusses the evolution of India s approach to monitoring and evaluation of government programs. It is organized into 8 sections. (1) Describes the Indian government structure and sets the context for the challenges of building a government-wide M&E system in India. (2) Outlines a short history of the evaluation system under the planning commission and its stages of development. (3) Examines the demand side of evaluation the sources of demand for accountability, especially in recent years, and for evaluation in particular, and the locus of decisions regarding the selection of which programs to monitor and evaluate. (4) Discusses supply-side and operational issues such as staffing and capacity, and technical approaches (including the type or range of methodology applied). This section also examines the role of the private sector, think tanks, and civil society. (5) Examines the new institutional arrangements M&E. This section also examines the state of management information systems (MISs), outcome budgeting encouraged by the Ministry of Finance...

The global extreme poverty rate has fallen by half since 1990, but progress within the developing world has been uneven. Extreme poverty remains widespread in most low-income countries while many middle-income countries also continue to have substantial levels with many people there who have escaped extreme poverty remaining poor and vulnerable. Nor has there been robust progress in sharing prosperity: in many developing countries rapid growth has been accompanied by rising inequality, often with a geographic and ethnic dimension as progress in isolated areas has lagged behind. This appendix describes select elements of the evaluation systems in the World Bank, the International Finance Corporation (IFC), and the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) that are the basis for this report. They illustrate commonalities as well as differences in evaluation practices across the institutions. The World Bank, IFC, and MIGA differ in the instruments and approaches they use to achieve development results. Each institution has an evaluation system tailored to its needs. In each organization...

The global extreme poverty rate has fallen by half since 1990, but progress within the developing world has been uneven. Extreme poverty remains widespread in most low-income countries while many middle-income countries also continue to have substantial levels with many people there who have escaped extreme poverty remaining poor and vulnerable. Nor has there been robust progress in sharing prosperity: in many developing countries rapid growth has been accompanied by rising inequality, often with a geographic and ethnic dimension as progress in isolated areas has lagged behind. This appendix describes select elements of the evaluation systems in the World Bank, the International Finance Corporation (IFC), and the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) that are the basis for this report. They illustrate commonalities as well as differences in evaluation practices across the institutions. The World Bank, IFC, and MIGA differ in the instruments and approaches they use to achieve development results. Each institution has an evaluation system tailored to its needs. In each organization...

Fragile and conflict-affected states (FCS) have become an important focus of World Bank Group assistance in recent years as recognition of the linkages between fragility, conflict, violence, and poverty has grown. Addressing issues of recurring conflict and political violence and helping build legitimate and accountable state institutions are central to the Bank Group's poverty reduction mission. This evaluation assesses the relevance and effectiveness of World Bank Group country strategies and assistance programs to FCS. The operationalization of the World Development Report 2011: Conflict, Security, and Development (2011 WDR) is also assessed, to see how the framework has been reflected in subsequent analytical work, country assistance strategies, and the assistance programs. The evaluation framework was derived from the concepts and priorities articulated in recent WDRs, policy papers, and progress reports issued by Bank Group management, to draw lessons from FCS. The framework is organized around the three major themes emerging from the 2011 WDR: building state capacity, building capacity of citizens, and promoting inclusive growth and jobs. The evaluation focuses on International Development Association (IDA)-only countries, which are deemed to have certain characteristics such as very low average income and no access to private finance...

Management welcomes the Independent Evaluation Group (IEG) report results and performance 2012 of the World Bank group (RAP) and its overall positive assessment of the World Bank group development effectiveness. Management appreciates that the report provides a balanced picture of the World Bank group activities and recognizes that all three institutions have taken important steps to strengthen results, monitoring, and reporting. The report is especially useful to management to prioritize the challenges in the context of the ongoing efforts to strengthen focus on results. Management is concerned that the share of investment lending projects rated moderately satisfactory or better appears to be declining, after a long period of improvements observed since the mid-1990s.This reports includes five chapters: (i) the global development context ;(ii) world bank group operations: findings from evaluation work; (iii) enhancing the bank group's effectiveness;(iv) strengthening institutional results orientation;(v) conclusion: areas for attention

Good public procurement practices are a major determinant of the effectiveness of public expenditure. On behalf of their citizens, governments typically spend as much as 5-20 percent of their gross domestic product on procurement of goods and services, and effective procurement policies enable better use of government budgets. Good national procurement practices are therefore an essential element of the poverty reduction focus of the Bank. Good procurement in Bank projects is also associated with better development outcomes. Equally, sound public procurement in client countries is a prerequisite for the success of the Bank's newly introduced program for results lending instrument. The Bank seeks to ensure that its funds are used for the purpose intended and that they support development effectively and efficiently. Thus, the twin issues that underpin this Independent Evaluation Group (IEG) evaluation are first, how effectively has the World Bank helped build well-functioning public procurement systems in client countries and second...

Well-governed countries is better able to formulate growth-enhancing policies, deliver essential services to the poor, and regulate financial and product markets. The appeal of governance reform and the fight against corruption can resonate widely across diverse countries and social groups, as demonstrated by recent events in the Middle East and North Africa. Building on more than two decades of experience, the World Bank's 2007 governance and anticorruption (GAC) strategy reaffirmed its continuing commitment to the crucial and challenging agenda of helping countries develop accountable and effective states. Focusing on the country operational aspects of the overall GAC agenda, the Independent Evaluation Group (lEG) assessed the relevance and effectiveness of the strategy and its first phase of implementation efforts over fiscal years 2008-10. A key feature of the evaluation is its benchmarking of the content and quality of the Bank's country-level engagement on GAC issues, before and after the 2007 strategy. The findings of this evaluation are...

This evaluation aims to inform the implementation of the most recent the World Bank and International Finance Corporation (IFC) health, nutrition, and population (HNP) strategies to enhance the effectiveness of future support. It covers the period since fiscal year 1997 and is based on desk reviews of the portfolio, background studies, and field visits. The evaluation of the HNP support of the World Bank focuses on the effectiveness of policy dialogue, analytic work, and lending at the country level, while that of IFC focuses on the performance of health investments and advisory services before and after its 2002 health strategy. The themes it covers are drawn from the two strategies and the approaches adopted by international donors in the past decade. Independent Evaluation Group (IEG) has previously evaluated several aspects of the Bank's HNP support. IFC's support for the health sector has never been fully evaluated. Many lessons have been learned over the past decade about the successes and pitfalls of support for health reform: First...

This report examines why, given the increasing resources allocated to the judiciary, there seem to have been only modest improvements in judicial performance. It lifts the veil on the conflicting opinions on the reasons for slow progress on performance and efficiency by analyzing the institutional environment within which the judiciary functions and the key incentives propelling the policy stances and actions of major institutional actors. A supply-demand approach is then used to review the challenges behind improving judicial performance, focusing on resource allocation and management issues on the supply side and on case inflow on the demand side. This perspective enables consideration of both supply and demand issues impacting judicial performance and offers an opportunity to suggest actions and policy responses that could enable policy makers to manage demand more effectively while strengthening access to justice. Overall, therefore, improving judicial performance now requires a shift from increasing the overall level of resources to approaches that do not increase the burden on the central budget. The key challenge now confronting Bulgaria's judiciary is to build on the reforms so far by developing...

This country assistance evaluation reviews World Bank support to the Arab Republic of Egypt from fiscal 1999 through 2007. Egypt's economic performance over the period improved substantially. This was particularly true after 2004, following improvements in economic management, an increase in the pace of structural reforms, and correction of the exchange rate. Gross domestic product growth averaged about five percent over the period, rising to almost seven percent in 2006 and 2007. Human development indicators improved significantly. However, progress in poverty reduction has been disappointing, with a deterioration in the poverty headcount, particularly in Upper Egypt. Future Bank strategy needs to reflect Egypt's middle-income status by including a flexible lending program and an emphasis on knowledge services, including reimbursable technical assistance. The Bank can further strengthen the partnership by focusing on: (i) the persistent issue of poverty and inequality; (ii) analytic work on macroeconomic analysis and income disparities and its improved dissemination; (iii) further financial sector reforms and promoting continued reforms in systems that indirectly combat corruption; and (iv) sectoral strategies and policy and institutional reforms in infrastructure and energy.

The World Bank's Country Policy and Institutional Assessment (CPIA) assess the conduciveness of a country's policy and institutional framework to poverty reduction, sustainable growth, and the effective use of development assistance. The CPIA enters the calculation of country performance ratings that, since 1980, have been used to allocate International Development Association (IDA) resources to eligible client countries. This evaluation was undertaken at the request of Board members to assess the appropriateness of the CPIA as a broad indicator of development effectiveness and as a determinant of the allocation of IDA funds. As indicated in the approach paper, this evaluation reviews the effects of the CPIA ratings on IDA allocations but does not review the IDA allocation formula itself. The evaluation finds that the CPIA content broadly reflects the determinants of economic growth and poverty reduction identified in the economics literature, but some criteria need to be revised (such as the trade criterion that places much greater emphasis on imports than exports) and streamlined, and one criterion (assessment of disadvantaged socioeconomic categories other than gender) added. The CPIA ratings also correlate well with ratings of similar indicators...

This study is funded by the Governance Partnership Facility to better understand country experiences with building monitoring and evaluation (M&E) capacity to identify paths to success and obstacles to reform. For every country, whether recently emerging from conflict, low-income, or Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), M&E is critical to evidence-based policymaking, budget decisions, management, and accountability, all elements of good governance. Building M&E capacity in fragile and conflict-affected states is not a well-documented topic, although analysts generally agree that even in these challenging contexts, countries can set up monitoring capabilities, albeit with heavy donor support. This study aims to strengthen the knowledge base by synthesizing and comparing the experiences of Rwanda, Vietnam, and Yemen in building capacity for their recently established M&E systems. The study also draws comparisons with Mexico's more well-developed M&E system. This paper is directed to policymakers...

This evaluation assesses the relevance and effectiveness of Bank support for public sector capacity building in Africa, over the past 10 years. It draws on studies of Benin, Ethiopia, Ghana, Malawi, Mali, and Mozambique; aggregate assessments of country strategies and operations across the Bank's Africa Region; and, reviews of three corporate and Regional programs dedicated to capacity building-the World Bank Institute, the Institutional Development Fund, and the Bank-supported African Capacity Building Foundation. Main findings suggest recent changes in approach have made Bank support more relevant; most capacity support remains fragmented; sector-specific capacity building approaches need strengthening; tools and instruments could be more effectively and fully utilized; and, quality assurance is inadequate. These findings underscore the importance of approaching capacity building in Africa as a core objective, and ensuring that Bank capacity building support is country-owned, results oriented, and evidence-based. The evaluation recommends that: the Bank strengthen its knowledge base...

Este estudo analisa as diferentes formas de participação dos estudantes no processo de pactuação da qualidade da escola pública favorecidas por políticas democráticas, como é o caso da Avaliação Institucional participativa - AIP, implementada nas escolas de ensino fundamental da Rede Municipal de Educação de Campinas/SP. Busca-se, ainda, compreender os sentidos atribuídos pelos estudantes às questões relacionadas aos processos de qualificação da escola e às mudanças propostas pela AIP no processo educacional, no que se refere à aprendizagem da participação. O caminho metodológico ancorou-se na pesquisa qualitativa do tipo etnográfica, realizado em três escolas escolhidas a partir de um estudo exploratório de eventos organizados pela política de AIP, viabilizadores da participação dos estudantes no processo de reflexão da qualidade da escola. Procedeu-se a análise documental no sentido de compreender a trajetória dessas escolas na consolidação de seu trabalho de avaliação, conforme proposto pela política de AIP. Foi ainda realizada a observação intensiva dos espaços formais e informais da escola, intentando identificar as formas de participação dos estudantes com ênfase nas reuniões de CPA...