Estoques de peças de reposição atendem necessidades de manutenção e reparo de produtos de consumo, veículos, máquinas e equipamentos industriais, acarretando frequentemente altos custos de capital e forte impacto no nível de serviço aos clientes. A grande multiplicidade de componentes, com ciclos de vida mais curtos e baixas demandas dificultam a gestão destes estoques. Este artigo apresenta revisão da literatura sobre modelos de controle de estoques de peças de reposição em local único, abordando tanto a previsão de demanda quanto o controle de estoques nos diferentes estágios do ciclo de vida das peças. A partir do levantamento bibliográfico, identificam-se algumas lacunas referentes à decisão de estocagem ou não de um item, elaboração de pedidos iniciais e finais, na integração de modelos de previsão de demanda com o controle de estoque e também de estudos de caso na aplicação prática dos modelos.; Spare parts inventory are needed for maintenance and repair of final products, vehicles, industrial machines and equipments, frequently requiring high investments and significantly affecting customer satisfaction. Inventory management is complex due to the large number of different items and low demands. This article presents a literature review on single location spare parts inventory control...

A consideração dos custos de inventário tem se tornado cada vez mais importante na análise dos trade-offs e na tomada de decisões sobre redes logísticas. O artigo propõe uma metodologia para tratamento do custo de inventário a partir da cobertura de estoque esperada em cada instalação, incorporada na modelagem matemática da localização de fábricas e/ou centros de distribuição em redes logísticas com vários elos, representando uma nova versão do modelo apresentado em Hamad e Gualda (2008). As principais contribuições desta metodologia em relação a outros métodos encontrados na literatura são a facilidade de aplicação do método, a inclusão de restrições ligadas à capacidade de armazenagem e a consideração do custo total de inventário, e não apenas do custo relacionado aos produtos modelados.; Inventory carrying cost has become very important in the analysis of the trade-offs and an important component to be considered when taking decisions about a logistic network. This paper proposes a methodology incorporated in a multi-echelon sourcing decision model, to be considered as a new version of the model presented in Hamad, Gualda (2008). It treats the carrying costs using the inventory Days-on-hand estimate in each echelon of the chain (plants and/or Distribution Centers). The main contributions of this methodology compared to other options found in the literature are the simplicity of its application...

OBJECTIVE: The objective of the present study was to carry out the cross- cultural validation for Brazilian Portuguese of the Social Phobia Inventory, an instrument for the evaluation of fear, avoidance and physiological symptoms associated with social anxiety disorder. METHOD: The process of translation and adaptation involved four bilingual professionals, appreciation and approval of the back- translation by the authors of the original scale, a pilot study with 30 Brazilian university students, and appreciation by raters who confirmed the face validity of the Portuguese version, which was named " Inventário de Fobia Social" . As part of the psychometric study of the Social Phobia Inventory, analysis of the items and evaluation of the internal consistency of the instrument were performed in a study conducted on 2314 university students. RESULTS: The results demonstrated that item 11, related to the fear of public speaking, was the most frequently scored item. The correlation of the items with the total score was quite adequate, ranging from 0.44 to 0.71, as was the internal consistency, which ranged from 0.71 to 0.90. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION: The authors conclude that the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Social Phobia Inventory proved to be adequate regarding the psychometric properties initially studied...

To perform a systematic review of the utility of the Beck Depression Inventory for detecting depression in medical settings, this article focuses on the revised version of the scale (Beck Depression Inventory-II), which was reformulated according to the DSM-IV criteria for major depression. We examined relevant investigations with the Beck Depression Inventory-II for measuring depression in medical settings to provide guidelines for practicing clinicians. Considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria seventy articles were retained. Validation studies of the Beck Depression Inventory-II, in both primary care and hospital settings, were found for clinics of cardiology, neurology, obstetrics, brain injury, nephrology, chronic pain, chronic fatigue, oncology, and infectious disease. The Beck Depression Inventory-II showed high reliability and good correlation with measures of depression and anxiety. Its threshold for detecting depression varied according to the type of patients, suggesting the need for adjusted cut-off points. The somatic and cognitive-affective dimension described the latent structure of the instrument. The Beck Depression Inventory-II can be easily adapted in most clinical conditions for detecting major depression and recommending an appropriate intervention. Although this scale represents a sound path for detecting depression in patients with medical conditions...

O foco dessa dissertação está na gestão de estoques em sistemas multicamadas. O modelo de simulação construído considera o desempenho histórico de uma cadeia de distribuição de medicamentos versus a política de gestão proposta. Os objetivos principais do trabalho são: a avaliação quantitativa da política de cálculo de necessidades aplicada na gestão de sistemas multicamadas, a verificação da importância da cooperação entre os elos da cadeia de distribuição para gestão do fluxo de materiais e o estudo das curvas que representam o dilema ‘nível de serviço’ versus ‘custo total da cadeia’. O modelo considera o fluxo de materiais a partir do estoque em processo do laboratório até a venda para as farmácias, que pode ser aproximada pela demanda dos medicamentos visto que os estoques das farmácias são relativamente pequenos e constantes ao longo do tempo. A modelagem de custos leva em conta o custo de estoque do laboratório e dos distribuidores, o custo de pedido dos distribuidores, o custo de transporte, o custo de entrega com atraso do laboratório e o custo de venda perdida dos distribuidores. Especificamente, são considerados cenários com e sem o compartilhamento de informações entre as empresas da cadeia. Consideram-se também cenários com e sem sazonalidade na demanda. Inicialmente...

Este estudo foca a gestão de estoques em cadeias de suprimentos. São construídos modelos de simulação para investigar diferentes estratégias de reposição de estoques em uma cadeia de suprimentos com dois estágios. São utilizadas técnicas de simulação por dinâmica de sistemas para o desenvolvimento dos modelos. Para tanto, analisa-se uma cadeia de suprimentos formada por dois agentes, um varejista e um fornecedor. Estes agentes devem tomar as decisões de reposição de estoques, definindo quantidades e momentos em que os materiais são adquiridos. Os objetivos principais do trabalho são: levantar na literatura quais são as principais estratégias para a gestão de estoques na cadeia de suprimentos, desenvolver modelos de simulação para as estratégias mais significativas, identificar qual das estratégias analisadas é a mais atraente para o fabricante, para o varejista e para a cadeia de suprimentos como um todo e ilustrar como a metodologia de simulação pode ser utilizada no estudo de estratégias de gestão de estoques. Três estratégias principais são identificadas na literatura e modeladas. Na primeira estratégia, os agentes tomam decisões independentemente e não compartilham informações. Na segunda estratégia...

To perform a systematic review of the utility of the Beck Depression Inventory for detecting depression in medical settings, this article focuses on the revised version of the scale (Beck Depression Inventory-II), which was reformulated according to the DSM-IV criteria for major depression. We examined relevant investigations with the Beck Depression Inventory-II for measuring depression in medical settings to provide guidelines for practicing clinicians. Considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria seventy articles were retained. Validation studies of the Beck Depression Inventory-II, in both primary care and hospital settings, were found for clinics of cardiology, neurology, obstetrics, brain injury, nephrology, chronic pain, chronic fatigue, oncology, and infectious disease. The Beck Depression Inventory-II showed high reliability and good correlation with measures of depression and anxiety. Its threshold for detecting depression varied according to the type of patients, suggesting the need for adjusted cut-off points. The somatic and cognitive-affective dimension described the latent structure of the instrument. The Beck Depression Inventory-II can be easily adapted in most clinical conditions for detecting major depression and recommending an appropriate intervention. Although this scale represents a sound path for detecting depression in patients with medical conditions...

In Ontario, an up-to-date forest biomass inventory is critical for forest management decisions and to ensure sustainable development. Due to recent pressures of climate change, economic downturns, and rising energy prices, inventory users are demanding increasingly accurate, timely, and spatially explicit biomass data from producers. This study focuses specifically on the inventory measurement of forest height, as height is an important yet elusive variable for determining biomass quality and quantity, along with a myriad of other forest and ecological attributes. Two types of remote sensing methods are used to model height, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) and Semi Global Matching (SGM), at the privately owned Haliburton Forest in the Great Lakes St. Lawrence. The modeled heights are then compared to height data found in Ontario’s Forest Resource Inventory (FRI), collected using stereo-photogrammetry and ground surveys by Ontario’s Ministry of Natural Resources. Three different stand scenarios, representing various plot characteristics, are used to determine if correlations between LiDAR, SGM and the FRI increase as plot variables are constrained. Throughout the study, height values modeled by LiDAR and SGM are strongly correlated (R2 up to .88 for maximum height...

Firms normally keep certain inventories, including raw materials, work-in-progress, and finished goods, to operate seamlessly and not to miss possible business opportunities. But inventory is costly, and the optimal firm inventory differs depending on various economic conditions, including trade and transport costs. The paper examines firm inventory behavior in East Africa, in which transport connectivity, especially to the ports, is considered as one of the major business constraints. Using firm-level data from Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Uganda, it is shown that transport connectivity significantly affects firm inventory behavior. In particular, road density and transport costs to the port are important to determine the optimal inventory level. With more roads in a city and/or cheaper access to the port, firms would hold smaller inventories.

MBA Professional Report; The goal of this project is to develop a consumable inventory management strategy for the Supply Management Unit (SMU) that will be applicable to other Department of Defense (DoD) supply support organizations. The SMU is a Marine Corps wholesale activity that provides Class IX (consumable repair part) supply support to 160 Marine Corps' units. The SMU uses the Days of Supply model to establish Requisitioning Objectives (RO) and Reorder Points (ROP), which are based upon historical usage, lead time, and supply data. Historical data is generated from Class I Natural Programs that were designed in the early 1970s. Since then, inventory management has evolved from warehouses packed with supplies to warehouses carrying just enough inventories to satisfy customer demand. The evolution of inventory management has proven that there is a direct relationship between inventory and cost in that the ability to efficiently manage inventory serves as a catalyst for reducing cost. Efficient inventory management involves the ability to forecast demand accurately, establish inventory levels prudently, and provide optimal support to the customer cost-effectively. Therefore, this project will focus on developing an inventory management strategy that efficiently balances readiness with supply chain system-wide costs.

Approved for public release, distribution is unlimited; This following project describes and assesses the current inventory-stocking model used by Commander Submarine Pacific (CSP) to manage its SSN repair parts stocking levels during a deployment work-up period. We also introduce a proposed demand based inventory management tool called Pacific Regional Inventory Stocking Model (PRISM), and compare it with the model currently being used within CSP. This analysis will then evaluate the effectiveness of each system as a management tool utilizing data from CSP's SSN-688 Fast-Attack Submarines. Decision criteria estimated are operational readiness and cost. The results of this comparison also demonstrate a management tool that optimizes inventory stocking. This will increase an SSN-688 submarine's operational readiness while on station and potentially achieve cost savings through optimizing onboard inventory. Recommendations will be provided, based on the results of the comparison, with respect to the feasibility of implementing PRISM, maintaining CSP's current stocking system, or developing a new submarine stocking system to replace the status quo.; Lieutenant Commander, United States Navy; Lieutenant Commander, United States Navy; Lieutenant...

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited; ABC Analysis is an inventory categorization technique used to classify and prioritize inventory items in an effort to better allocate business resources. A items are defined as the inventory items considered extremely important to the business, requiring strict oversight and control. B items are important to the business, but don’t require the tight controls and oversight required of the A items. C items are marginally important to the business. ABC Analysis aims to ensure the business-driving inventory items are effectively and efficiently managed. There are numerous single- and multiple-criteria approaches to implementing ABC Analysis. This thesis presents an analysis and comparison of multiple approaches, as they relate to Navy Weapons Systems Support (WSS) Command’s large National Item Identification Number (NIIN) inventory. Additionally, random forests are grown from the inventory metadata to identify and/or verify the attributes most strongly affecting fleet readiness goals. The model will allow WSS to focus resources not only on the correct NIINs, but in the correct areas of NIIN management. Better WSS resource allocation will result in higher fleet readiness, WSS’s primary goal.; Lieutenant Commander...

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited; The DoD Inventory Reduction Plan (IRP) was mandated by Congress in May 1990 to meet the challenge of re-sizing Defense inventories while maintaining the gams in readiness resulting from the defense strategy of the 1980's. This thesis is an evaluation of the effects of implementing the IRP on Navy inventory management practices at ASO, and on readiness at NADEP Alameda. G management (GMAN) reports and supply effectiveness data provided by FISC Oakland were utilized in making overall readiness and level of service determinations. The Navy's organization and major management initiatives relating to the IRP are also discussed. Finally, an assessment is made of what is currently being done by the private sector to reduce inventory levels whether application of these systems and/or practices can be by the military to reduce secondary item inventory levels.; Lieutenant, Supply Corps, United States Navy

MBA Professional Report; The purpose of this MBA project is to carry out an exploratory study and conduct an analysis to determine if there are any correlations between shipboard supply management practices/priorities and SIM Issue Effectiveness rates. Shipboard SIM inventories range from approximately 300 to 350 line items on average per ship. While SIM items constitute only a small portion of the ship's entire COSAL spare parts inventory, they are critical to the ship's material condition and to its preventive and corrective maintenance programs. Consequently, effective and efficient SIM inventory control is crucial and has a significant impact on the ship's mission readiness. However, surface ships reporting their monthly inventory and performance data to the Type Commander indicate some of the ships are not meeting their SIM Issue Effectiveness goals. The project investigated the variances to determine if they can be explained using correlations with other variables. In addition, the authors analyzed SIM inventory to determine if a Business Processing Reengineering (BPR) through virtual stock consolidation with a shift in emphasis from individual shipboard support to a more global level can result in risk mitigation of SIM stock outs. The project compared common commercial inventory control practices to shipboard inventory procedures to examine possible application of best practices.; US Navy (USN) author.

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.; A readiness-based sparing (RBS) model for the repair and replenishment of repairable items is needed by the Navy which considers the aggregate inventory of repaired units and new ones. This thesis presents progress in the development of such a model. In contrast to other such current repairables models in the literature, it also allows for both batch repair and procurement. A theoretical model had been developed earlier at the Naval Postgraduate School for the probability distribution of inventory position for such a model. However, no theoretical model has yet been developed for the probability distribution of net inventory because the real-world inventory management of repairables is quite complex. Therefore, a simulation model was developed of the Navy's repairables management process to explore the nature of that distribution as a function of relevant system parameters. It was then run for a range of values of a subset of those parameters. The net inventory distribution appears to be Normally distributed with its mean and variance being a linear function of the product of carcass return rate and repair survival rate. The theoretical distribution for inventory opposition was not only validated...

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.; Within Naval Aviation, Common Support Equipment (CSE) plays a critical yet unglamorous role in maintaining aircraft material readiness. Defense of CSE dollars is difficult because the Output of Aviation Support Equipment is not measurable. The ability to quantity and defend that role has been the nemesis of the Aviation Support Equipment Integrated Program Team members over the past two budget cycles. This study's intent is to provide an argument in defense of adequate program funding. The premise of this argument is: Inventory validity is a major consideration in making sound investment decisions. If the Fleet SE inventory validity is within acceptable limits, then the Fleet's input into the re-capitalization decision support system is valid. If the Fleet's SE inventory validity is poor, then the Fleet's buyout input is suspect. The foundation of this research is to determine how accurately the Fleet's on-hand assets reflect in the automated inventory database used to manage those assets. This research concludes that the mean SE validity for a reporting custodian's Intermediate Maintenance Activity (IMA) or 0rganizational Maintenance Activity (OMA) account is 72.4%. Fleet Individual Material Readiness List (IMRL) inventory control processes are hampered by a lack of quantifiable metrics...

MBA Professional Report; The Navy's current inventory management procedures for receipt, inventory, stowage, and issue of provisions onboard ships have remained relatively unchanged for decades. Culinary Specialists are utilizing an antiquated and unreliable inventory management program (the Food Management System-FSM) developed in the 1990s, relying on hand written receipts, and inventory and issue procedures to manage provisions across the Fleet. As a result of current practices, ships are experiencing an unusually high rate of inspection failures, and poor inventory validities. Applying a strategic supply chain management approach, current procedures from receipt to issue of provisions will be described, including collecting and analyzing qualitative and quantitative data. Conclusions and recommendations will be offered on ways to substantially improve the overall process, e.g., improve inventory validities, reduce manhours and improve the quality of life for Culinary Specialists

The main objective of the report is to analyze the current greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions inventory process in Romania, and provide recommendations for improving the system in order to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of inventory development in compliance with United Nations framework convention on climate change (UNFCCC) and European Union (EU) requirements, including emissions forecasting provisions. This report describes the GHG inventory process and its history, analyzes the legal framework, documents and information provisions, and flows related to making the inventory together with identifying the potential adjustments for improvement, assess reporting entities and correlation mechanisms to economic dynamics, in terms of completeness, coherence, response time constant to changes in the number of companies' impact on data reporting, and provides recommendations on the possibility to improve the inventory-making process in order to meet the requirements of emission projections. The report is organized into seven sections as follows: section one provides a general introduction to GHG inventories. Section two examines the processes and procedures used in the present GHG inventory system in Romania and the alignment of this system with international frameworks including the framework for the development of environmental statistics (FDES) and the intergovernmental panel on climate change (IPCC) schematic framework. Section three elaborates the challenges with the existing greenhouse inventory process including data gaps and weaknesses in the statistical infrastructure. Section four looks at the international and national legal requirements for greenhouse gas inventories. Section five provides analysis on the flow of information and the specific verification points to ensure data consistency and coherence. Section six provides a number of recommendations and concludes in section seven with a summary of key recommendations.

Dissertação de mestrado apresentada ao ISPA - Instituto Superior; A exposição a situações adversas, potencialmente indutoras de uma reação de stress inadaptada, pode constituir-se como um desafio percursor de mudanças psicológicas positivas, na esfera pessoal, relacional e espiritual. Esta mudanças positivas, resultantes do confronto com o acontecimento traumático são denominadas por “crescimento póstraumático”. Este estudo visa fornecer evidências empíricas através do estudo das características psicométricas dos instrumentos, Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI); Core Beliefs Inventory (CBI); Event Related Rumination Inventory (ERRI) e Distress Disclosure Index (DDI). Com a presente bateria de instrumentos avalia-se as mudanças psicológicas positivas, resultantes dos esforços empreendidos para lidar com os acontecimentos adversos (PTGI); as mudanças das crenças centrais (CBI); o estilo de ruminação (ERRI) e a expressão emocional (DDI). Os dados do estudo apresentado, nomeadamente a análise da estrutura fatorial, dos índices de consistência interna e os dados relativos à validade de constructo, foram recolhidos junto de uma amostra de 510 participantes da população geral portuguesa. Os resultados obtidos indicam que...