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## ‣ Multilayer optimization in radio resource allocation for the packet transmission in wireless networks

Nascimento, Alberto Jesus de
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In the last decade mobile wireless communications have witnessed an explosive growth in the user’s penetration rate and their widespread deployment around the globe. It is expected that this tendency will continue to increase with the convergence of fixed Internet wired networks with mobile ones and with the evolution to the full IP architecture paradigm. Therefore mobile wireless communications will be of paramount importance on the development of the information society of the near future. In particular a research topic of particular relevance in telecommunications nowadays is related to the design and implementation of mobile communication systems of 4th generation. 4G networks will be characterized by the support of multiple radio access technologies in a core network fully compliant with the Internet Protocol (all IP paradigm). Such networks will sustain the stringent quality of service (QoS) requirements and the expected high data rates from the type of multimedia applications to be available in the near future. The approach followed in the design and implementation of the mobile wireless networks of current generation (2G and 3G) has been the stratification of the architecture into a communication protocol model composed by a set of layers...

## ‣ Cooperative context-aware setup and performance of surveillance missions using static and mobile wireless sensor networks

Freitas, Edison Pignaton de
Tipo: Tese de Doutorado Formato: application/pdf
Português
Relevância na Pesquisa
58.37182%
Sistemas de vigilância são geralmente empregados no monitoramento de áreas de grandes dimensões nas quais seus usuários visam detectar ou observar fenômenos de seu interesse. O uso de redes de sensores sem fio nesses sistemas apresenta especial interesse, uma vez que essas redes podem apresentar soluções de baixo custo e robustas para cobrir áreas extensas. Neste contexto, novas aplicações têm surgido propondo o uso de redes de sensores sem fio compostas por nós sensores estáticos e móveis. Uma das motivações para esta tendência é a redução do custo de implantação e operação do sistema, além da possibilidade de proporcionar incremento em suas funcionalidades. O foco desta tese se concentra na proposta de soluções para redes de sensores sem fio com uso cooperativo de sensores estáticos e móveis, com particular atenção a sensibilidade ao contexto na configuração e execução de missões de sensoriamento. O objetivo é manter um baixo custo de comunicação associado às soluções propostas. Esta preocupação se dá pelo fato da comunicação aumentar o consumo de energia em redes de sensores, o que é um problema importante para nós sensores com limitada fonte de energia, i.e. baterias. No caso de nós sensores móveis...

## ‣ An evolutionary approach to improve connectivity prediction in mobile wireless sensor networks

Araújo, Gustavo Medeiros de; Pinto, Alex Sandro Roschildt; Kaiser, Jörg; Becker, Leandro Buss
Tipo: Artigo de Revista Científica Formato: 1100-1105
Português
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Connectivity is the basic factor for the proper operation of any wireless network. In a mobile wireless sensor network it is a challenge for applications and protocols to deal with connectivity problems, as links might get up and down frequently. In these scenarios, having knowledge of the node remaining connectivity time could both improve the performance of the protocols (e.g. handoff mechanisms) and save possible scarce nodes resources (CPU, bandwidth, and energy) by preventing unfruitful transmissions. The current paper provides a solution called Genetic Machine Learning Algorithm (GMLA) to forecast the remainder connectivity time in mobile environments. It consists in combining Classifier Systems with a Markov chain model of the RF link quality. The main advantage of using an evolutionary approach is that the Markov model parameters can be discovered on-the-fly, making it possible to cope with unknown environments and mobility patterns. Simulation results show that the proposal is a very suitable solution, as it overcomes the performance obtained by similar approaches.

## ‣ Autonomous Distributed Self-Organization for Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks

Wen, Chih-Yu; Tang, Hung-Kai
Fonte: Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI) Publicador: Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI)
Tipo: Artigo de Revista Científica
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This paper presents an adaptive combined-metrics-based clustering scheme for mobile wireless sensor networks, which manages the mobile sensors by utilizing the hierarchical network structure and allocates network resources efficiently A local criteria is used to help mobile sensors form a new cluster or join a current cluster. The messages transmitted during hierarchical clustering are applied to choose distributed gateways such that communication for adjacent clusters and distributed topology control can be achieved. In order to balance the load among clusters and govern the topology change, a cluster reformation scheme using localized criterions is implemented. The proposed scheme is simulated and analyzed to abstract the network behaviors in a number of settings. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm provides efficient network topology management and achieves high scalability in mobile sensor networks.

## ‣ Adaptive Multi-Node Multiple Input and Multiple Output (MIMO) Transmission for Mobile Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks

Cho, Sunghyun; Choi, Ji-Woong; You, Cheolwoo
Fonte: Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI) Publicador: Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI)
Tipo: Artigo de Revista Científica
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Mobile wireless multimedia sensor networks (WMSNs), which consist of mobile sink or sensor nodes and use rich sensing information, require much faster and more reliable wireless links than static wireless sensor networks (WSNs). This paper proposes an adaptive multi-node (MN) multiple input and multiple output (MIMO) transmission to improve the transmission reliability and capacity of mobile sink nodes when they experience spatial correlation. Unlike conventional single-node (SN) MIMO transmission, the proposed scheme considers the use of transmission antennas from more than two sensor nodes. To find an optimal antenna set and a MIMO transmission scheme, a MN MIMO channel model is introduced first, followed by derivation of closed-form ergodic capacity expressions with different MIMO transmission schemes, such as space-time transmit diversity coding and spatial multiplexing. The capacity varies according to the antenna correlation and the path gain from multiple sensor nodes. Based on these statistical results, we propose an adaptive MIMO mode and antenna set switching algorithm that maximizes the ergodic capacity of mobile sink nodes. The ergodic capacity of the proposed scheme is compared with conventional SN MIMO schemes, where the gain increases as the antenna correlation and path gain ratio increase.

## ‣ A Source-Initiated On-Demand Routing Algorithm Based on the Thorup-Zwick Theory for Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks

Mao, Yuxin; Zhu, Ping
Fonte: Hindawi Publishing Corporation Publicador: Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Tipo: Artigo de Revista Científica
Relevância na Pesquisa
48.117476%
The unreliability and dynamics of mobile wireless sensor networks make it hard to perform end-to-end communications. This paper presents a novel source-initiated on-demand routing mechanism for efficient data transmission in mobile wireless sensor networks. It explores the Thorup-Zwick theory to achieve source-initiated on-demand routing with time efficiency. It is able to find out shortest routing path between source and target in a network and transfer data in linear time. The algorithm is easy to be implemented and performed in resource-constrained mobile wireless sensor networks. We also evaluate the approach by analyzing its cost in detail. It can be seen that the approach is efficient to support data transmission in mobile wireless sensor networks.

## ‣ MOBILITY MODELS, MOBILE CODE OFFLOADING, AND P2P NETWORKS OF SMARTPHONES ON THE CLOUD

KOSTA, SOKOL
Português
Relevância na Pesquisa
47.994575%
It was just a few years ago when I bought my first smartphone. And now, (almost) all of my friends possess at least one of these powerful devices. International Data Corporation (IDC) reports that smartphone sales showed strong growth worldwide in 2011, with 491.4 million units sold – up to 61.3 percent from 2010. Furthermore, IDC predicts that 686 million smartphones will be sold in 2012, 38.4 percent of all handsets shipped. Silently, we are becoming part of a big mobile smartphone network, and it is amazing how the perception of the world is changing thanks to these small devices. If many years ago the birth of Internet enabled the possibility to be online, smartphones nowadays allow to be online all the time. Today we use smartphones to do many of the tasks we used to do on desktops, and many new ones. We browse the Internet, watch videos, upload data on social networks, use online banking, find our way by using GPS and online maps, and communicate in revolutionary ways. Along with these benefits, these fancy and exciting devices brought many challenges to the research area of mobile and distributed systems. One of the first problems that captured our attention was the study of the network that potentially could be created by interconnecting all the smartphones together. Typically...

## ‣ Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Based Air Interfaces and Multiple Input Multiple Output Techniques in Cooperative Satellite Communications for 4th Generation Mobile Systems

Fonte: FIU Digital Commons Publicador: FIU Digital Commons
Tipo: Artigo de Revista Científica Formato: application/pdf
Português
Relevância na Pesquisa
48.016685%
Recently, wireless network technology has grown at such a pace that scientific research has become a practical reality in a very short time span. One mobile system that features high data rates and open network architecture is 4G. Currently, the research community and industry, in the field of wireless networks, are working on possible choices for solutions in the 4G system. The researcher considers one of the most important characteristics of future 4G mobile systems the ability to guarantee reliable communications at high data rates, in addition to high efficiency in the spectrum usage. On mobile wireless communication networks, one important factor is the coverage of large geographical areas. In 4G systems, a hybrid satellite/terrestrial network is crucial to providing users with coverage wherever needed. Subscribers thus require a reliable satellite link to access their services when they are in remote locations where a terrestrial infrastructure is unavailable. The results show that good modulation and access technique are also required in order to transmit high data rates over satellite links to mobile users. The dissertation proposes the use of OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Multiple Access) for the satellite link by increasing the time diversity. This technique will allow for an increase of the data rate...

## ‣ Novel Online Data Cleaning Protocols for Data Streams in Trajectory, Wireless Sensor Networks

Pumpichet, Sitthapon
Fonte: FIU Digital Commons Publicador: FIU Digital Commons
Tipo: Artigo de Revista Científica Formato: application/pdf
Português
Relevância na Pesquisa
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The promise of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is the autonomous collaboration of a collection of sensors to accomplish some specific goals which a single sensor cannot offer. Basically, sensor networking serves a range of applications by providing the raw data as fundamentals for further analyses and actions. The imprecision of the collected data could tremendously mislead the decision-making process of sensor-based applications, resulting in an ineffectiveness or failure of the application objectives. Due to inherent WSN characteristics normally spoiling the raw sensor readings, many research efforts attempt to improve the accuracy of the corrupted or “dirty” sensor data. The dirty data need to be cleaned or corrected. However, the developed data cleaning solutions restrict themselves to the scope of static WSNs where deployed sensors would rarely move during the operation. Nowadays, many emerging applications relying on WSNs need the sensor mobility to enhance the application efficiency and usage flexibility. The location of deployed sensors needs to be dynamic. Also, each sensor would independently function and contribute its resources. Sensors equipped with vehicles for monitoring the traffic condition could be depicted as one of the prospective examples. The sensor mobility causes a transient in network topology and correlation among sensor streams. Based on static relationships among sensors...

## ‣ Adaptive topologies: improving wireless networks through the use of additional nodes and power control.

Hunjet, Robert Anthony
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The work presented in this thesis shows that shared spectrum wireless networks can be enhanced through the use of additional nodes and power control. Network improvement is demonstrated in three key areas: connectivity, capacity and power efficiency. It is also shown that the techniques developed to increase network capacity and power efficiency have a positive effect on the security of the network. Mobile ad hoc networks are the specific focus of the work, but the results are applicable to both wireless sensor networks and shared spectrum wireless infrastructure based networks. This thesis demonstrates how additional nodes may be used in mobile wireless networks to maintain connectivity by specifically targeting bridges and articulation points. It then takes a graph theoretical approach to networking, with the assumption that lowering interference increases network capacity, to show that additional nodes combined with power control can be used to simultaneously increase the capacity and power efficiency of wireless networks. An implementation of a novel method to generate all possible transmission states under a Request To Send (RTS) / Clear To Send (CTS) scheme is used in the creation of a repeatable metric, Uniform Average Network Capacity (UANC). This metric describes the capacity that can be held within a network...

## ‣ Time-Selective Signaling and Reception for Communication over Multipath Fading Channels

Bhashyam, Srikrishna; Sayeed, Akbar M.; Aazhang, Behnaam; Bhashyam, Srikrishna; Sayeed, Akbar M.; Aazhang, Behnaam
Tipo: Artigo de Revista Científica
Português
Relevância na Pesquisa
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Journal Paper; The mobile wireless channel affords inherent diversity to combat the effects of fading. Existing code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, by virtue of spread-spectrum signaling and RAKE reception, exploit only part of the channel diversity via multipath combination. Moreover, their performance degrades under fast fading commonly encountered in mobile scenarios. In this paper, we develop new signaling and reception techniques that maximally exploit channel diversity via joint multipath-Doppler processing. Our approach is based on a canonical representation of the wireless channel which leads to a time-frequency generalization of the RAKE receiver for diversity processing. Our signaling scheme facilitates joint multipath-Doppler diversity by spreading the symbol waveform beyond the inter-symbol duration to make the channel time-selective. A variety of detection schemes are developed to account for the inter-symbol interference (ISI) due to overlapping symbols. However, our results indicate that the effects of ISI are virtually negligible due to the excellent correlation properties of the pseudo-random codes. Performance analysis also shows that relatively small Doppler spreads can yield significant diversity gains. The inherently higher level of diversity achieved by time-selective signaling brings the fading channel closer to an additive white Gaussian noise channel...

## ‣ A minimum-cost-neighbor multicast routing protocol for mobile wireless ad hoc networks

Amiri, Keyvan
Português
Relevância na Pesquisa
47.76119%
MiCoN (Minimum-Cost Neighbor) is a new on-demand multicast routing protocol for mobile wireless ad hoc networks. Multicast routing in MiCoN is based on a new multi-route unicast routing protocol for maintaining routes between the network nodes and all group receivers. This routing is guaranteed to be loop-free even in the presence of dropped packets in the wireless network. MiCoN packet forwarding is based on a new local approximation of the optimal multicast tree, achieved by modeling multicasting as a Facility-Location-Problem. Evaluated in ns-2 simulations. MiCoN outperforms ADMR, the previously best performing on-demand multicast routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks. To support this evaluation, I have also developed a new simulation model for sparse movement scenarios in ad hoc networks. MiCoN achieves better performance than ADMR, in terms of its packet delivery ratio, latency, and overhead in dense scenarios, and substantially outperforms ADMR on these metrics in sparse networks.

## ‣ Personal Mobile Server / Center for the Study of Mobile Devices and Communications

Gurminder, Singh; Center for the Study of Mobile Devices and Communications
Tipo: Artigo de Revista Científica
Português
Relevância na Pesquisa
47.74867%
A personal server is any small, light-weight, battery-powered mobile device with capability for data storage and some form of wireless connectivity means such as Bluetooth and 802.11. It may be without any standard I/O capabilities such as keyboard and display. Access to it will be from any computing infrastructure within range of the wireless connection.

## ‣ QoS enabled IP based wireless networking : design, modelling and performance analysis

Gyasi-Agyei, Amoakoh
Tipo: Tese de Doutorado Formato: 1767438 bytes; 451696 bytes; application/pdf; application/pdf
Relevância na Pesquisa
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Quality of service differentiation has never achieved much attention and relevance until the advent of the convergence of mobile wireless network and the fixed Internet, that is, Internet Protocol ( IP ) based mobile wireless networks, or wireless Internet. These networks are poised to support multimedia applications ' traffic with diverse QoS sensitivities. To date, most traffic transferred over the Internet still undergo best - effort forwarding, which does not guarantee whether or not traffic sent by a source gets to the intended destination, let alone loss and timing bounds. The major contribution of this thesis is three - fold. First, the thesis proposes a QoS - enabled wireless Internet access architecture, which leverages the micromobility in wireless standards to reduce mobile IP weaknesses, such as long handoff delay, to achieve effective interworking between mobile wireless networks and the global, fixed Internet. Although the idea here is applicable to any wireless standard, the design examples in this thesis are based on the IEEE 802.11b wireless local area network ( WLAN ) standard. Second, it proposes a framework for a class of wireless channel state dependent packet scheduling schemes, which consider the QoS requirements of the applications ' traffic ; the wireless channel state ( reflected in instantaneous data rate or noise level ) ; and optimises the usage of the expensive wireless resource. The operation of the QoS - enabled...

## ‣ Trajectory Privacy Preservation in Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks

Jin, Xinyu
Fonte: FIU Digital Commons Publicador: FIU Digital Commons
Tipo: Artigo de Revista Científica Formato: application/pdf
Português
Relevância na Pesquisa
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In recent years, there has been an enormous growth of location-aware devices, such as GPS embedded cell phones, mobile sensors and radio-frequency identification tags. The age of combining sensing, processing and communication in one device, gives rise to a vast number of applications leading to endless possibilities and a realization of mobile Wireless Sensor Network (mWSN) applications. As computing, sensing and communication become more ubiquitous, trajectory privacy becomes a critical piece of information and an important factor for commercial success. While on the move, sensor nodes continuously transmit data streams of sensed values and spatiotemporal information, known as trajectory information". If adversaries can intercept this information, they can monitor the trajectory path and capture the location of the source node. This research stems from the recognition that the wide applicability of mWSNs will remain elusive unless a trajectory privacy preservation mechanism is developed. The outcome seeks to lay a firm foundation in the field of trajectory privacy preservation in mWSNs against external and internal trajectory privacy attacks. First, to prevent external attacks, we particularly investigated a context-based trajectory privacy-aware routing protocol to prevent the eavesdropping attack. Traditional shortest-path oriented routing algorithms give adversaries the possibility to locate the target node in a certain area. We designed the novel privacy-aware routing phase and utilized the trajectory dissimilarity between mobile nodes to mislead adversaries about the location where the message started its journey. Second...

## ‣ GCP: Gossip-based Code Propagation for Large-scale Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks

Busnel, Yann; Bertier, Marin; Fleury, Eric; Kermarrec, Anne-Marie
Tipo: Artigo de Revista Científica
Português
Relevância na Pesquisa
47.861914%
Wireless sensor networks (WSN) have recently received an increasing interest. They are now expected to be deployed for long periods of time, thus requiring software updates. Updating the software code automatically on a huge number of sensors is a tremendous task, as ''by hand'' updates can obviously not be considered, especially when all participating sensors are embedded on mobile entities. In this paper, we investigate an approach to automatically update software in mobile sensor-based application when no localization mechanism is available. We leverage the peer-to-peer cooperation paradigm to achieve a good trade-off between reliability and scalability of code propagation. More specifically, we present the design and evaluation of GCP ({\emph Gossip-based Code Propagation}), a distributed software update algorithm for mobile wireless sensor networks. GCP relies on two different mechanisms (piggy-backing and forwarding control) to improve significantly the load balance without sacrificing on the propagation speed. We compare GCP against traditional dissemination approaches. Simulation results based on both synthetic and realistic workloads show that GCP achieves a good convergence speed while balancing the load evenly between sensors.

## ‣ Flexible Data Dissemination Strategy for Effective Cache Consistency in Mobile Wireless Communication Networks

Tabassum, Kahkashan; Sultana, Asia; Damodaram, A.
Tipo: Artigo de Revista Científica
Relevância na Pesquisa
47.83521%
In mobile wireless communication network, caching data items at the mobile clients is important to reduce the data access delay. However, efficient cache invalidation strategies are used to ensure the consistency between the data in the cache of mobile clients and at the database server. Servers use invalidation reports (IRs) to inform the mobile clients about data item updates. This paper proposes and implements a multicast based strategy to maintain cache consistency in mobile environment using AVI as the cache invalidation scheme. The proposed algorithm is outlined as follows - To resolve a query, the mobile client searches its cache to check if its data is valid. If yes, then query is answered, otherwise the client queries the DTA (Dynamic Transmitting Agent) for latest updates and the query is answered. If DTA doesn't have the latest updates, it gets it from the server. So, the main idea here is that DTA will be multicasting updates to the clients and hence the clients need not uplink to the server individually, thus preserving the network bandwidth. The scenario of simulation is developed in Java. The results demonstrate that the traffic generated in the proposed multicast model is simplified and it also retains cache consistency when compared to the existing methods that used broadcast strategy.; Comment: 14 pages and 14 figures

## ‣ A Security Architecture for Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks

Schmidt, Stefan; Krahn, Holger; Fischer, Stefan; Wätjen, Dietmar
Tipo: Artigo de Revista Científica
Relevância na Pesquisa
47.87287%
Wireless sensor networks increasingly become viable solutions to many challenging problems and will successively be deployed in many areas in the future. However, deploying new technology without security in mind has often proved to be unreasonably dangerous. We propose a security architecture for self-organizing mobile wireless sensor networks that prevents many attacks these networks are exposed to. Furthermore, it limits the security impact of some attacks that cannot be prevented. We analyse our security architecure and show that it provides the desired security aspects while still being a lightweight solution and thus being applicable for self-organizing mobile wireless sensor networks.; Comment: 12 pages, 1 figures

## ‣ Mobile Geometric Graphs, and Detection and Communication Problems in Mobile Wireless Networks

Sinclair, Alistair; Stauffer, Alexandre
Tipo: Artigo de Revista Científica
Português
Relevância na Pesquisa
47.979424%
Static wireless networks are by now quite well understood mathematically through the random geometric graph model. By contrast, there are relatively few rigorous results on the practically important case of mobile networks, in which the nodes move over time; moreover, these results often make unrealistic assumptions about node mobility such as the ability to make very large jumps. In this paper we consider a realistic model for mobile wireless networks which we call mobile geometric graphs, and which is a natural extension of the random geometric graph model. We study two fundamental questions in this model: detection (the time until a given "target" point - which may be either fixed or moving - is detected by the network), and percolation (the time until a given node is able to communicate with the giant component of the network). For detection, we show that the probability that the detection time exceeds t is \exp(-\Theta(t/\log t)) in two dimensions, and \exp(-\Theta(t)) in three or more dimensions, under reasonable assumptions about the motion of the target. For percolation, we show that the probability that the percolation time exceeds t is \exp(-\Omega(t^\frac{d}{d+2})) in all dimensions d\geq 2. We also give a sample application of this result by showing that the time required to broadcast a message through a mobile network with n nodes above the threshold density for existence of a giant component is O(\log^{1+2/d} n) with high probability.; Comment: This is a slightly updated version...

## ‣ Infrastructure for distributed applications in ad hoc networks of small mobile wireless devices

Kaminsky, Alan
Fonte: Rochester Instituto de Tecnologia Publicador: Rochester Instituto de Tecnologia
Tipo: Relatório
Português
Relevância na Pesquisa
47.87287%
Mobile wireless computing devices such as cellphones, pagers, personal digital assistants, pocket PCs, and tablet computers are all potential platforms for participating in small group, wireless, many-to-many distributed applications. The networking technology needed to support such applications is readily available. However, almost all existing middleware infrastructure for distributed applications was designed for central servers and wired connections. The Anhinga Infrastructure described here runs entirely on the wireless mobile devices and so does not require any central server support. The Anhinga Infrastructure provides a message broadcast ad hoc networking protocol and a distributed computing platform based on lightweight versions of Java, Jini Network Technology, and tuple spaces.; This technical report can also be found at the following link: http://www.cs.rit.edu/~ark/publications.shtml