Purpose: The aims of this study were to evaluate the trends in funding, geographic origin, and study types of original articles in the dental implant literature and to investigate the relationships among these factors. Materials and Methods: Articles published in Clinical Oral Implants Research, The International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants, Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research, Implant Dentistry, and Journal of Oral Implantology from 2005 to 2009 were reviewed. Nonoriginal articles were excluded. For each article included, extramural funding source, geographic origin, and study type were recorded. Descriptive and analytic analyses (alpha = .05), including a logistic regression analysis, and chi-square test were used where appropriate. Results: of a total of 2,085 articles published, 1,503 met the inclusion criteria. The most common source of funding was from industry (32.4%). The proportion of studies that reported funding increased significantly over time. Europe represented the highest percentage (55.8%) of published articles. Most of the articles reported on clinical studies (49.9%), followed by animal studies (25.9%). Articles from Asia and South America and animal and in vitro studies were significantly more likely to be funded. Conclusion: Almost half of the original dental implant articles were funded. The trend toward internationalization of authorship was evident. A strong association was observed between funding and geographic origin and between funding and study type. Most studies in North America and Europe were clinical studies and supported by industry...

Purpose: To identify the trend of authorship in dental implant by exploring the prevalence of coauthored articles and to investigate the collaboration efforts, trends in funding involved in original articles, and their relationships. Materials: Articles published in the Clinical Oral Implants Research, International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants, Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research, Implant Dentistry, and Journal of Oral Implantology from 2005 to 2009 were reviewed. Nonoriginal articles were excluded. For each included articles, number of authors, collaboration efforts, and extramural funding were recorded. Descriptive and analytical statistics (alpha = 0.05), including logistic regression analysis and chi(2) test, were used. Results: From a total of 2085 articles, 1503 met the inclusion criteria. Publications with 5 or more authors increased over time (P = 0.813). The amount of collaboration among different disciplines, institutions, and countries all increased. The greatest increase of collaboration was seen among institutions (P = 0.09). Non-funding studies decreased over time (P = 0.031). There was a strong association between collaboration and funding for the manuscripts during the years studied (OR, 1.5). Conclusion: The number of authors per articles and collaborative studies increased over time in implant-related journals. Collaborative studies were more likely to be funded. (Implant Dent 2011;20:68-75)

PURPOSE: To evaluate the quality of abstracts of original non-experimental research articles in Brazilian Journals in Surgery. METHODS: Convenience sample of 471 abstracts of original research articles from six Brazilian surgical journals indexed in Thomson Reuters (ISI) Web of Knowledge. The quality of abstracts was measured against a checklist of eight evaluation criteria, which were divided into 32 categories. The total score for each abstract was obtained by summing the score of all criteria present. The overall mean score was also determined. RESULTS: The overall mean score of abstract quality was that of a good abstract. Most of the abstracts contained some information from each of the eight basic categories of an abstract. All abstracts were structured ones. CONCLUSION: The overall quality, for abstracts of original articles of six Brazilian non-experimental journals in surgery, was classified as good.

In the last few years, a huge increment in the quality of scientific articles published in Brazilian Medical Journals has been observed. Several reasons were related to this feature including the SciELO free access initiative, the English language adopted by most journals, and, more importantly, the increase in the number and quality of Brazilian researchers. This article highlights, in the cardiovascular and respiratory areas, the best articles that have been published in these journals in the last few months. The reader will have a general overview of these areas and can select the original articles for deeper information.

Science Citation Index is one of a number of indexes based on the assumption that the papers cited by one author refer to work which is relevant to the subject discussed by the author citing them. Cleverdon, however, has questioned that assumption, and it was to test the assumption that this research was undertaken. An attempt was made to determine what percent of articles cited were related to the citing article. The conclusion reached was that in the field of medicine approximately 72 percent of the cited papers were considered related to the original paper by the authors of the original, thus apparently bearing out the assumption for citation indexing.

OBJECTIVES: To review the scientific data on the role of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in sexual transmission of HIV infection and discuss the implications of these findings for HIV and STD prevention policy and practice. METHODS: Articles were selected from a review of Medline, accessed with the OVID search engine. The search covered articles from January 1987 to September 1998 and yielded 2101 articles. Methods used to uncover articles which might have been missed included searching for related articles by author, and combing literature reviews. In addition, all abstracts under the category "sexually transmitted diseases" from the XI and XII International Conferences on AIDS (Vancouver 1996 and Geneva 1998) and other relevant scientific meetings were reviewed. Efforts were made to locate journal articles which resulted from the research reported in the identified abstracts. All original journal articles and abstracts which met one of the following criteria were included: (1) studies of the biological plausibility or mechanism of facilitation of HIV infectiousness or susceptibility by STDs, (2) prospective cohort studies (longitudinal or nested case-control) which estimate the risk of HIV infection associated with specific STDs or STD syndromes...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the scientific quality of original research articles on the health effects of environmental tobacco smoke; to determine whether poor article quality is associated with publication in non-peer-reviewed symposium proceedings or with other article characteristics. DESIGN: Cross sectional study of original research articles on the health effects of environmental tobacco smoke published in peer reviewed journals and non-peer-reviewed symposium proceedings from 1980 to 1994. Article quality was assessed by two independent reviewers who used a valid and reliable instrument, were unaware of study hypotheses, were blinded to identifying characteristics of articles, and had no disclosed conflicts of interest. PARTICIPANTS: All symposium articles (n = 68) and a random sample of peer reviewed journal articles (n = 68) that satisfied inclusion/exclusion criteria. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Mean quality scores, which could range from 0 (lowest quality) to 1 (highest quality). RESULTS: Using multivariate regression analysis, symposium articles were of poorer scientific quality than peer reviewed journal articles when controlling simultaneously for the effects of study design, article conclusion, article topic, and source of funding acknowledged (P = 0.027). Article quality was not associated with either source of funding acknowledged or article conclusion in multivariate analyses. CONCLUSIONS: In published reports on environmental tobacco smoke...

Many Japanese reports of acupuncture and moxibustion for chronic pain are not listed in medical databases such as Medline. Therefore, they are not easily accessible to researchers outside of Japan. To complement existing reviews of acupuncture and moxibustion for chronic pain and to provide more detailed discussion and analysis, we did a literature search using ‘Igaku Chuo Zasshi Wed’ (Japana Centra Revuo Medicina) and ‘Citation Information by National Institute of Information’ covering the period 1978–2006. Original articles and case reports of acupuncture and moxibustion treatment of chronic pain were included. Animal studies, surveys, and news articles were excluded. Two independent reviewers extracted data from located articles in a pre-defined structured way, and assessed the likelihood of causality in each case. We located 57 papers written in Japanese (20 full papers, 37 case reports). Conditions examined were headache (12 trials), chronic low back pain (9 trials), rheumatoid arthritis (8 trials), temporomandibular dysfunction (8 trials), katakori (8 trials) and others (12 trials). While 23 were described as clinical control trials (CCTs), 11 employed a quasi-random method. Applying the 5-point Jadad quality assessment scoring system...

Patients treated with teriparatide after prior and ongoing alendronate therapy experience spine BMD increases; however, some continue to be at high risk for fracture, based on persistently low BMD and/or fracture history. The objective of this study was to determine whether a second discrete retreatment course with teriparatide could produce similar biochemical and BMD changes as seen during the first teriparatide course. In the original treatment study, 126 women on alendronate for ≥1 yr were randomized to continue alendronate and receive daily teriparatide, cyclic teriparatide (3-mo cycles), or alendronate alone for 15 mo. Of the 72 patients who completed either original teriparatide regimen, 49 completed a 12-mo follow-up on continued alendronate alone. At that time, 32 patients, who remained at high risk of future fracture, were recruited into the retreatment protocol and 27 completed another course of teriparatide administered daily for 15 mo (including 15 from the original daily treatment group and 12 from the original cyclic treatment group). Bone formation indices (propeptide of type I procollagen and osteocalcin) increased during both teriparatide courses with median 3-mo increments of 120% and 72% above baseline during the original course and 60% and 40% above baseline during retreatment...

A previous study found that many papers in the Indian Journal of Psychiatry (UP) had failed to reference relevant papers previously published in the same journal. The present study examined whether any change in referencing patterns had occurred The database comprised 182 eligible articles published in the UP during 1993-1996. In general, few articles cited previous UP papers (median citations, 0-1); however, few articles omitted to cite previous (relevant) UP research (median omissions, 0-1). The average number of articles cited: omitted was 2:1. Original articles cited as well as omitted more UP references than brief communications. The larger the number of total references cited, the larger was the number of UP references both cited and omitted. No significant changes in referencing patterns was evident across the years. Indexing of articles, an important method of identifying relevant, previously published research was grossly adequate in 89% of articles; the average article received 2 index entries. While UP papers appear to be receiving greater attention, it is suggested that room for improvement remains.

Patients with intracranial aneurysm after coiling with Guglielmi detachable coils (GDC) require imaging follow-up. The accuracy of noninvasive magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) techniques including time-of-flight (TOF) and contrast-enhancement (CE) have been compared with the gold standard digital subtraction angiography (DSA). We systematically reviewed the diagnostic accuracy of these imaging methods in follow-up study of patients with residual intracranial aneurysms after GDC treatment. The authors used MEDLINE, bibliographies, review articles, textbooks, and expert opinion to retrieve English-and non-English-language articles published from 1966 to December 2007. Sixteen suitable MRA original articles (14 TOF-MRA and six CE-MRA) with comparison to DSA have met the inclusion criteria. TOF-MRA had a pooled sensitivity of 90% (95% CI, 79% to 95%), a specificity of 95% (95% CI, 88% to 98%), and a diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) of 168.4 (95% CI, 60.3 to 470.3). CE-MRA had an overall sensitivity of 92% (95% CI, 79% to 97%), a specificity of 96% (95% CI, 91% to 98%), and a DOR of 280.4 (95% CI, 64.8 to 1212.6). The areas under two summary ROC curves of TOF-MRA and CE-MRA were 0.97 (95% CI, 0.96 to 0.99) and 0.98 (95% CI, 0.96 to 0.99)...

We report on the original integration of an automatic text categorization pipeline, so-called ToxiCat (Toxicogenomic Categorizer), that we developed to perform biomedical documents classification and prioritization in order to speed up the curation of the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD). The task can be basically described as a binary classification task, where a scoring function is used to rank a selected set of articles. Then components of a question-answering system are used to extract CTD-specific annotations from the ranked list of articles. The ranking function is generated using a Support Vector Machine, which combines three main modules: an information retrieval engine for MEDLINE (EAGLi), a gene normalization service (NormaGene) developed for a previous BioCreative campaign and finally, a set of answering components and entity recognizer for diseases and chemicals. The main components of the pipeline are publicly available both as web application and web services. The specific integration performed for the BioCreative competition is available via a web user interface at http://pingu.unige.ch:8080/Toxicat.

Journal of Midlife Health, in existence for 2½ years, has been working to disseminate information and research in the field of midlife health, including menopause management. This bibliometric review aimed to assess the coverage of this journal across article types, country, and specialty of origin. An online analysis of all the published articles from 2011 to July 2012 was carried out by the authors. Datas collected were analyzed by descriptive statistics. The journal has succeeded in ensuring broad-based, comprehensive, multidisciplinary coverage of midlife health-related issues, as shown by the variety of types of articles published, the emphasis on original articles, the international authorship, and the wide spectrum of medical and surgical specialties covered.

The development of successful treatments for humans after traumatic brain or spinal cord injuries (TBI and SCI, respectively) requires animal research. This effort can be hampered when promising experimental results cannot be replicated because of incorrect data analysis procedures. To identify and hopefully avoid these errors in future studies, the articles in seven journals with the highest number of basic science central nervous system TBI and SCI animal research studies published in 2010 (N=125 articles) were reviewed for their data analysis procedures. After identifying the most common statistical errors, the implications of those findings were demonstrated by reanalyzing previously published data from our laboratories using the identified inappropriate statistical procedures, then comparing the two sets of results. Overall, 70% of the articles contained at least one type of inappropriate statistical procedure. The highest percentage involved incorrect post hoc t-tests (56.4%), followed by inappropriate parametric statistics (analysis of variance and t-test; 37.6%). Repeated Measures analysis was inappropriately missing in 52.0% of all articles and, among those with behavioral assessments, 58% were analyzed incorrectly. Reanalysis of our published data using the most common inappropriate statistical procedures resulted in a 14.1% average increase in significant effects compared to the original results. Specifically...

The murine immune system is not necessarily identical to it human counterpart, which has led to the construction of humanized mice. The current study analysed whether or not a human immune system contained within the non-obese diabetic (NOD)-Rag1null-γ chainnull (NRG) mouse model was an accurate representation of the original stem cell donor and if multiple mice constructed from the same donor were similar to one another. To that end, lightly irradiated NRG mice were injected intrahepatically on day 1 of life with purified cord blood-derived CD34+ stem and progenitor cells. Multiple mice were constructed from each cord blood donor. Mice were analysed quarterly for changes in the immune system, and followed for periods up to 12 months post-transplant. Mice from the same donor were compared directly with each other as well as with the original donor. Analyses were performed for immune reconstitution, including flow cytometry, T cell receptor (TCR) and B cell receptor (BCR) spectratyping. It was observed that NRG mice could be ‘humanized’ long-term using cord blood stem cells, and that animals constructed from the same cord blood donor were nearly identical to one another, but quite different from the original stem cell donor immune system.

After complete nerve transection, a major challenge for regenerating peripheral axons is to traverse the injury site and navigate toward their original trajectory. Denervated Schwann cells distal to the lesion site secrete factors promoting axonal growth and serve as an axonal substrate, yet whether Schwann cells also actively direct axons toward their original trajectory is unclear. Using live-cell imaging in zebrafish, we visualize for the first time how in response to nerve transection distal Schwann cells change morphology as axons fragment, and how Schwann cell morphology reverses once regenerating growth cones have crossed the injury site and have grown along distal Schwann cells outlining the original nerve path. In mutants lacking Schwann cells, regenerating growth cones extend at rates comparable with wild type yet frequently fail to cross the injury site and instead stray along aberrant trajectories. Providing growth-permissive yet Schwann cell-less scaffolds across the injury site was insufficient to direct regenerating growth cones toward the original path, providing compelling evidence that denervated Schwann cells actively direct regenerating axons across the injury site toward their original trajectory. To identify signals that guide regenerating axons in vivo...

Background: Citation analysis is an effective way to gauge the impact of an article on the scientific community. Objective: The purpose of this study was to perform a citation analysis of 24 clinical dermatologic journals from 1970 to 2012, limited to the topic of psoriasis. Methods: The authors conducted a search of “psoriasis” in the Science Citation Index from 1970 to 2012, including articles that have received 100 or more citations. The top 100 most cited articles were further analyzed for country, institution, and study type. Results: Fifty of the top 100 most cited articles were from the United States and 81 of them were original articles. The majority of the top 100 classics were from dermatology programs in the United States, but institutions in the United Kingdom and Germany also made notable contributions. Citation classics in psoriasis were highly published from 1985 to 1989 and 2000 to 2004. Limitations: Limitations included potential neglect of a clinical dermatologic journal and the limited search term of “psoriasis.” Conclusion: The great majority of citation classics were published in the premier dermatologic journals. The top-ranking dermatology programs in the United States produced the majority of the top 100 classics in psoriasis. The high number of citation classics from 1985 to 1989 correlates to the discovery of the immune-mediated pathogenesis of psoriasis at that time. The 21st century brought forth the monumental development of biologic agents in psoriasis therapy...

In order to confirm the possibility that recycled fractions from the waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) stream were illegally entering the European market in black polymeric food-contact articles (FCAs), bromine quantification, brominated flame retardant (BFR) identification combined with WEEE-relevant elemental analysis and polymer impurity analysis were performed. From the 10 selected FCAs, seven samples contained a bromine level ranging from 57 to 5975 mg kg− 1, which is lower than expected to achieve flame retardancy. The BFRs that were present were tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), decabromodiphenylether (decaBDE), decabromodiphenylethane (DBDPE) and 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane (BTBPE). Typical elements used in electronic equipment and present in WEEE were detected either at trace level or at elevated concentrations. In all cases when bromine was detected at higher concentrations, concurrently antimony was also detected, which confirms the synergetic use of antimony in combination with BFRs. This study describes also the measurement of rare earth elements where combinations of cerium, dysprosium, lanthanum, neodymium, praseodymium and yttrium were detected in four of the seven BFR-positive samples. Additionally...

L’adoption de la Loi concernant le cadre juridique des technologies de l’information en 2001 a permis de mettre en place un cadre juridique favorisant l’intégration des technologies de l’information dans le droit. Plus particulièrement en droit de la preuve, cela a conféré au document technologique la qualité d’élément de preuve. Dans ce contexte il a été nécessaire d’adapter certains articles du Code civil du Québec et du même fait certaines règles dont la règle de la meilleure preuve, telle que prévue à l’article 2860 C.c.Q.. Cette règle s’appuyait jusqu’à présent sur la notion d’original, notion propre au support papier dont il a fallu trouver un équivalent pour le document technologique. C’est ce qu’a fait la Loi en prévoyant à son article 12 les caractéristiques de l’original technologique. Nous nous penchons sur cette notion en regardant quelles sont ses origines et ses justifications, puis nous avons analysé l’article 12 de la Loi qui traite de l’original sous forme technologique. Enfin nous nous sommes interrogé sur la place des reproductions dans le contexte technologique et nous avons vu que celles-ci ont pris de plus en plus d’importance à côté du document original...

Therapeutic effects of molecular hydrogen for a wide range of disease models and human diseases have been investigated since 2007. A total of 321 original articles have been published from 2007 to June 2015. Most studies have been conducted in Japan, China, and the USA. About three-quarters of the articles show the effects in mice and rats. The number of clinical trials is increasing every year. In most diseases, the effect of hydrogen has been reported with hydrogen water or hydrogen gas, which was followed by confirmation of the effect with hydrogen-rich saline. Hydrogen water is mostly given ad libitum. Hydrogen gas of less than 4 % is given by inhalation. The effects have been reported in essentially all organs covering 31 disease categories that can be subdivided into 166 disease models, human diseases, treatment-associated pathologies, and pathophysiological conditions of plants with a predominance of oxidative stress-mediated diseases and inflammatory diseases. Specific extinctions of hydroxyl radical and peroxynitrite were initially presented, but the radical-scavenging effect of hydrogen cannot be held solely accountable for its drastic effects. We and others have shown that the effects can be mediated by modulating activities and expressions of various molecules such as Lyn...