VIEIRA, TMB. Qualidade de Vida em Mulheres Obesas e com Síndrome dos Ovários Policísticos. 2010. 65 fls. Dissertação (Mestrado) - Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto. Universidade de São Paulo. Ribeirão Preto. 2010. A síndrome dos ovários policísticos (SOP) é uma das desordens endócrinas mais comuns na idade reprodutiva, sendo a sua prevalência de 6 a 10% na população feminina. A SOP associada à obesidade pode agravar a saúde física e mental com um impacto negativo no funcionamento bio-psico-social. Os distúrbios metabólicos e as manifestações clínicas do hiperandrogenismo, comuns em mulheres com SOP tem levado ao aumento dos distúrbios psicológicos e redução na qualidade de vida (QV). Alguns estudos têm mostrado uma piora da QV na SOP, mas não fazem distinção sobre os efeitos que a própria obesidade pode acarretar a QV, uma vez que mais de 50% das pacientes SOP apresentam sobrepeso e obesidade. O presente estudo objetivou avaliar se há diferença na QV de pacientes com SOP obesas comparadas a controles obesas com ciclos ovulatórios. Foram incluídas 35 obesas com SOP e 28 obesas com ciclos ovulatórios, com idade entre 20 e 40 anos, IMC 30 e que aceitaram assinar o TCLE. Utilizou-se para a caracterização da população o questionário sócio-demográfico...

A síndrome dos ovários policísticos (SOP) é um distúrbio endócrino complexo e heterogêneo, caracterizado por hiperandrogenismo e anovulação crônica. Dentre as manifestações clínicas do hiperandrogenismo, o hirsutismo é o mais frequente e pode estar presente em cerca de 70% das pacientes com SOP. Sabe-se que o crescimento e diferenciação do pelo são regulados por fatores locais, endócrinos, parácrinos e genéticos. No entanto, a fisiopatologia do hirsutismo ainda é pouco conhecida. O gene BMP4 (que codifica a Proteína Morfogenética Óssea-4) relaciona-se ao controle do crescimento e diferenciação do pelo, porém não há estudos sobre seu papel no hirsutismo em mulheres com síndrome dos ovários policísticos. Foram estudadas 245 mulheres, 142 SOP e 103 controles em que analisaram-se os polimorfismos rs4898820 e 538 T/C, para verificar frequências genotípicas e alélicas. Nas pacientes com SOP foi investigada a existência de associação entre esses polimorfismos e hirsutismo e parâmetros laboratoriais e clínicos. Não houve diferença significante na frequência dos polimorfismos entre os grupos. Não houve associação dos polimorfismos com hirsutismo. Quando analisados os exames laboratoriais das mulheres com SOP...

Introdução: A síndrome dos ovários policísticos (SOP) associa-se, em 50% a 70% dos casos, ao hiperinsulinismo, obesidade e síndrome metabólica. A relação entre resistência insulínica (RI) e função tireoidiana é ainda pouco estudada, embora se considere haver interação entre disfunção tireoidiana e metabolismo lipídico. Objetivo: avaliar a partir de que nível sérico de hormônio estimulador da tireoide (TSH) há maior prevalência de RI e a relação entre TSH e diferentes parâmetros clínicos e metabólicos em mulheres com SOP. Sujeitos e Métodos: Foi avaliada a associação do TSH e RI em 168 mulheres com SOP atendidas no ambulatório de ginecologia endócrina do Departamento de Tocoginecologia da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, UNICAMP não hipotireoideas. Avaliaram-se também as variáveis: índice de Ferriman-Galley, índice de massa corpórea (IMC), pressão arterial sistólica (PAS), pressão arterial diastólica (PAD), circunferência abdominal (CA), circunferência do quadril (CQ), níveis séricos de testosterona total, testosterona livre, glicemia em jejum, insulina em jejum, índice de HOMA (HOMA-IR), colesterol total, HDL colesterol (HDL) e LDL colesterol (LDL), triglicérides (TRIG). Para determinar o ponto de corte que maximize a sensibilidade e a especificidade foi empregada curva ROC para os níveis de TSH...

Introdução: A síndrome dos ovários policísticos (SOP) é uma desordem endócrina com alta prevalência que se caracteriza por oligomenorreia ou amenorréia, sinais clínicos e/ou bioquímicos de hiperandrogenismo, ovários policísticos. Tem como principais manifestações a irregularidade menstrual, hirsutismo e infertilidade, além de relacionar-se à obesidade, síndrome metabólica, hipertensão e diabetes mellitus. Estes sintomas e repercussões em longo prazo podem impactar negativamente a qualidade de vida e sexualidade das mulheres. Objetivo: Avaliar a qualidade de vida e a sexualidade em mulheres com SOP, a influência da obesidade nestes aspectos. Desenho do Estudo: Estudo de coorte transversal. Material e Métodos: Foram avaliadas 150 mulheres com 18 a 40 anos, com diagnóstico de SOP, atendidas no período de janeiro a novembro de 2011 no Ambulatório de Ginecologia Endócrina do Departamento de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), sendo que 56 preencheram os critérios de inclusão. O grupo de controle foi composto por 102 mulheres com ciclos menstruais regulares, sem sinais de hiperandrogenismo clínico. Todas responderam a questionários para avaliação da função sexual (Índice de Função Sexual Feminina- IFSF) e da qualidade de vida (WHOQOL- bref). Análise Estatística: Utilizou-se o teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov para avaliar a distribuição normal. Como os dados não apresentassem distribuição normal foi utilizado o teste de Mann-Whitney para a comparação entre os grupos. Foi adotado o nível de significância de 5% e o software utilizado para análise o SAS versão 9.2. Resultados: As mulheres com SOP e controles tinham média de idade de 26...

As there is controversy about the prevalence of hypertension in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and, up to the present moment, no studies have evaluated the impact of body mass index (BMI) on blood pressure levels (BP) in these patients, we studied retrospectively sixty-nine patients with PCOS, with BMI of 29.0 ± 6.7 kg/m² and aged 25.6 ± 5.6 yr, subdivided into three groups according to BMI (normal, overweight and obese) and evaluated regarding BP (mercury sphygmomanometer), basal hormonal profile, fasting glucose, and insulin sensitivity (HOMA-IR). Mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were normal (118.1 ± 17.0 and 74.7 ± 11.5 mmHg, respectively), with a hypertension prevalence of 20.3%. Of these patients, 78.6% were obese and 21.4% were overweight. When the groups were compared according to BMI, a significant increase in SBP and DBP was observed (higher in overweight and obese patients for SBP and higher in obese for DBP), as well as a significant progressive increase in glucose, insulin, homeostatic model assessment, and a significant progressive decline in LH levels. When the patients were subdivided as normotensive or hypertensive, a significant difference was observed only for BMI (28.2 ± 6.1 and 34.7 ± 8.6 kg/m²...

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to investigate whether glucocorticoid receptor gene polymorphisms are associated with clinical and metabolic profiles in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Polycystic ovary syndrome is a complex endocrine disease that affects 5-8% of women and may be associated with metabolic syndrome, which is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Cortisol action and dysregulation account for metabolic syndrome development in the general population. As glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1) polymorphisms regulate cortisol sensitivity, we hypothesized that variants of this gene may be involved in the adverse metabolic profiles of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. METHOD: Clinical, metabolic and hormonal profiles were evaluated in 97 patients with polycystic ovary syndrome who were diagnosed according to the Rotterdam criteria. The alleles of the glucocorticoid gene were genotyped. Association analyses were performed using the appropriate statistical tests. RESULTS: Obesity and metabolic syndrome were observed in 42.3% and 26.8% of patients, respectively. Body mass index was positively correlated with blood pressure, triglyceride, LDL-c, total cholesterol, glucose and insulin levels as well as HOMA-IR values and inversely correlated with HDL-c and SHBG levels. The BclI and A3669G variants were found in 24.7% and 13.4% of alleles...

SOARES, Elvira Maria Mafaldo et al. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and its components in Brazilian women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertility and Sterility, v.89, n.3, p.649-655, mar. 2008; Objective: To determine the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components in Brazilian women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: University Hospital, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal-RN, Brazil. Patient(s): 102 women with PCOS by the Rotterdam consensus criteria. Intervention(s): None. Main Outcome Measure(s): Clinical and biochemical parameters for MetS as defined by the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel (NCEP ATP III). Result(s): The prevalence for individual components of MetS were high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level <50 mg/dL in 69.6%, waist circumferenceR88 cm in 57.9%, triglyceride levelR150 mg/dL in 31.7%, blood pressure R130/85 mm Hg in 18.6%, and fasting glucose concentrations R110 mg/dL in 2.9%. Three or more of these individual criteria were present in 29 (28.4%) of the patients. The prevalence of MetS increased with body mass index: 3.2%, 19.2% and 52.3% for normal, overweight, and obese women, respectively. Conclusion(s): These findings indicate that Brazilian women with PCOS have a high prevalence of MetS and its individual components...

Objective To assess the effectiveness of metformin in improving clinical and biochemical features of polycystic ovary syndrome. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources Randomised controlled trials that investigated the effect of metformin compared with either placebo or no treatment, or compared with an ovulation induction agent. Selection of studies 13 trials were included for analysis, including 543 women with polycystic ovary syndrome that was defined by using biochemical or ultrasound evidence. Main outcome measure Pregnancy and ovulation rates. Secondary outcomes of clinical and biochemical features of polycystic ovary syndrome. Results Meta-analysis showed that metformin is effective in achieving ovulation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome, with odds ratios of 3.88 (95% confidence interval 2.25 to 6.69) for metformin compared with placebo and 4.41 (2.37 to 8.22) for metformin and clomifene compared with clomifene alone. An analysis of pregnancy rates shows a significant treatment effect for metformin and clomifene (odds ratio 4.40, 1.96 to 9.85). Metformin has an effect in reducing fasting insulin concentrations, blood pressure, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol. We found no evidence of any effect on body mass index or waist:hip ratio. Metformin was associated with a higher incidence of nausea...

Polycystic ovary syndrome remains a mystery with respect to its aetiology, consequences and management. There is an increasing emphasis on its familial origins although the genes involved are unknown. There are significant changes in risk profiles for cardiovascular disease but no clear clinical evidence of morbidity or mortality. There is evidence of improvement in insulin resistance or insulin sensitivity drugs but uncertainty about improvement in pregnancy outcomes. This review looks at the latest advances in understanding polycystic ovary syndrome, particularly in obesity; Robert J. Norman

Polycystic ovaries (PCO) are detected using ultrasonography in a proportion of women who do not have clinical symptoms of the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The aim of this study was to compare the metabolic and endocrine differences between women with such ultrasound-detected PCO and women with PCOS, and to relate these changes to clinical presentation with particular reference to cycle irregularity. A group of 118 women showing PCO on vaginal ultrasound scan was divided into those who had no hyperandrogenaemia (n = 21) and those who had increased androgens and a clinical presentation normally associated with PCOS (n = 97). These were compared with a reference group of 26 normal subjects. Glucose tolerance, lipid concentrations and endocrine profiles were compared between groups. Apart from higher concentrations of androgens in the PCOS group, there were no significant differences between the PCO and PCOS groups in either fasting and stimulated insulin and glucose or in concentrations of sex hormone-binding globulin, gonadotrophins and blood lipids or in ovarian volume. Both PCO and PCOS subjects with cycle irregularity had significantly higher concentrations of serum fasting and stimulated insulin independent of androgens and body mass index than those with normal cycles. It was concluded that: (i) PCO and PCOS patients have equivalent disturbances in relation to insulin and glucose metabolism as well as lipid and lipoprotein disturbances compared to reference subjects; (ii) higher serum insulin values are associated with menstrual irregularity in both groups; (iii) ultrasound evidence for PCO predicts similar metabolic sequelae to PCOS and can therefore be used for studies of the genetics and long term risks for this condition.

Polycystic ovary syndrome is a heterogeneous endocrine disorder that affects about one in 15 women worldwide. The major endocrine disruption is excessive androgen secretion or activity, and a large proportion of women also have abnormal insulin activity. Many body systems are affected in polycystic ovary syndrome, resulting in several health complications, including menstrual dysfunction, infertility, hirsutism, acne, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. Women with this disorder have an established increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes and a still debated increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The diagnostic traits of polycystic ovary syndrome are hyperandrogenism, chronic anovulation, and polycystic ovaries, after exclusion of other conditions that cause these same features. A conclusive definition of the disorder and the importance of the three diagnostic criteria relative to each other remain controversial. The cause of polycystic ovary syndrome is unknown, but studies suggest a strong genetic component that is affected by gestational environment, lifestyle factors, or both.; http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/31066/description#description; Robert J Norman, Didier Dewailly, Richard S Legro and Theresa E Hickey; Copyright © 2007 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved.

OBJECTIVE: To review all available data and recommend a definition for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) based on published peer-reviewed data, whether already in use or not, to guide clinical diagnosis and future research. DESIGN: Literature review and expert consensus. SETTING: Professional society. PATIENTS: None. INTERVENTION(S): None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): A systematic review of the published peer-reviewed medical literature, by querying MEDLINE databases, to identify studies evaluating the epidemiology or phenotypic aspects of PCOS. RESULT(S): The Task Force drafted the initial report, following a consensus process via electronic communication, which was then reviewed and critiqued by the Androgen Excess and PCOS (AE-PCOS) Society AE-PCOS Board of Directors. No section was finalized until all members were satisfied with the contents, and minority opinions noted. Statements were not included that were not supported by peer-reviewed evidence. CONCLUSION(S): Based on the available data, it is the view of the AE-PCOS Society Task Force that PCOS should be defined by the presence of hyperandrogenism (clinical and/or biochemical), ovarian dysfunction (oligo-anovulation and/or polycystic ovaries), and the exclusion of related disorders. However...

The phenomenon of platelet hyperaggregability and decreased platelet responsiveness to nitric oxide (also termed as nitric oxide resistance), documented in several cardiovascular disease states, is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. The series of experiments described in this thesis address primarily some aspects of the pathophysiology, epidemiology and therapy of the phenomenon of end-organ resistance to nitric oxide (NO) in two important conditions, that are closely associated with cardiovascular risk factors and disease states:- Polycystic ovary syndrome, which is closely linked with the metabolic syndrome and premature subclinical atherosclerosis. The renin-angiotensin system, which is recognized as a significant mediator in the pathophysiology of a number of cardiovascular disease states. The first study examined the epidemiology/pathophysiology of putative platelet/endothelial dysfunction in young individuals with PCOS. The subsequent studies focused on the potential impact of the renin-angiotensin system on platelet and endothelial function. This mechanistic review is set in the context of a number of recent major clinical studies which have demonstrated surprising efficacy of certain angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors (ramipril and perindopril) in the prevention of thrombotic processes. Thus we tested the hypothesis whether ACE inhibitor ramipril sensitizes platelets to NO (as a potential mechanism for improved cardiovascular outcomes) in a high risk patient cohort. In addition...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common complex endocrine genetic disorder, which involves overproduction of androgens, leading to heterogeneous range of symptoms and associated with increased metabolic and cardiovascular morbidity. This review focuses on androgen biosynthesis, use, metabolism in PCOS and clinical consequences of hyperandrogenism. RECENT FINDINGS: Controversial definition of the disorder and different phenotypic subgroups present a challenge for clinical and basic research. Further investigation of different phenotypes highlights the fact that PCOS probably represents a group of disorders with different etiologies. Prenatal androgen exposure and adolescent studies suggest early in life androgen excess as initiating factor of PCOS, but insufficient evidence available to confirm this hypothesis. Various intracellular signaling pathways implicated in PCOS steroidogenesis and in androgen action have been studied, however, PCOS pathogenesis remains obscure. Growing evidence links androgens with pathophysiology of PCOS and metabolic derangements. SUMMARY: Despite intensive investigation, etiology and underlying mechanisms of PCOS remain unclear, warranting further investigation. Better understanding of molecular and genetic basis might lead to invention of novel therapeutic approaches. Long-term interventional studies that lower androgen levels in women with hyperandrogenism might protect against metabolic and cardiovascular comorbidities are needed.; Vicki Nisenblat...

Objective: Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) often have cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. The Androgen Excess and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (AE-PCOS) Society created a panel to provide evidence-based reviews of studies assessing PCOS-CVD risk relationships and to develop guidelines for preventing CVD. Participants: An expert panel in PCOS and CVD reviewed literature and presented recommendations. Evidence: Only studies comparing PCOS with control patients were included. All electronic databases were searched; reviews included individual studies/databases, systematic reviews, abstracts, and expert data. Articles were excluded if other hyperandrogenic disorders were not excluded, PCOS diagnosis was unclear, controls were not described, or methodology precluded evaluation. Inclusion/exclusion criteria were confirmed by at least two reviewers and arbitrated by a third. Consensus Process: Systematic reviews of CVD risk factors were compiled and submitted for approval to the AE-PCOS Society Board. Conclusions: Women with PCOS with obesity, cigarette smoking, dyslipidemia, hypertension, impaired glucose tolerance, and subclinical vascular disease are at risk, whereas those with metabolic syndrome and/or type 2 diabetes mellitus are at high risk for CVD. Body mass index...

Although not often discussed, the ovaries of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) show all the hallmarks of increased TGF-β activity, with increased amounts of fibrous tissue and collagen in the ovarian capsule or tunica albuginea and ovarian stroma. Recent studies suggest that PCOS could have fetal origins. Genetic studies of PCOS have also found linkage with a microsatellite located in intron 55 of the extracellular matrix protein fibrillin 3. Fibrillins regulate TGF-β bioactivity in tissues by binding latent TGF-β binding proteins. We therefore examined expression of fibrillins 1-3, latent TGF-β binding proteins 1-4, and TGF-β 1-3 in bovine and human fetal ovaries at different stages of gestation and in adult ovaries. We also immunolocalized fibrillins 1 and 3. The results indicate that TGF-β pathways operate during ovarian fetal development, but most important, we show fibrillin 3 is present in the stromal compartments of fetal ovaries and is highly expressed at a critical stage early in developing human and bovine fetal ovaries when stroma is expanding and follicles are forming. These changes in expression of fibrillin 3 in the fetal ovary could lead to a predisposition to develop PCOS in later life.

CONTEXT: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an under-recognized, common, and complex endocrinopathy. The name PCOS is a misnomer, and there have been calls for a change to reflect the broader clinical syndrome. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to determine perceptions held by women and primary health care physicians around key clinical features of PCOS and attitudes toward current and alternative names for the syndrome. DESIGN: We conducted a cross-sectional study utilizing a devised questionnaire. SETTING: Participants were recruited throughout Australia via professional associations, women’s health organizations, and a PCOS support group. PARTICIPANTS: Fifty-seven women with PCOS and 105 primary care physicians participated in the study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Perceptions of key clinical PCOS features and attitudes toward current and alternative syndrome names were measured. RESULTS: Irregular periods were identified as a key clinical feature of the diagnosis by 86% of the women with PCOS and 90% of the primary care physicians. In both groups, 60% also identified hormone imbalance as a key feature. Among women with PCOS, 47% incorrectly identified ovarian cysts as key, 48% felt the current name was confusing, and 51% supported a change. Most primary care physicians agreed that the name is confusing (74%) and needs changing (81%); however...

Introdução: A síndrome dos ovários policísticos (SOP) é uma doença que acomete aproximadamente 10% das mulheres em idade reprodutiva. Está associada a diversos distúrbios metabólicos, como a resistência insulínica (RI) e a síndrome metabólica (SM). A resistência insulínica, por sua vez, está relacionada a disfunções tireoidianas (hipotireoidismo clínico e subclínico). Alguns estudos têm relacionado essas disfunções à ocorrência de SOP, bem como a maior prevalência de tireoidite crônica autoimune nessas mulheres. Entretanto, esses trabalhos ainda são escassos. Objetivos: comparar a prevalência de tireoidite crônica autoimune em mulheres com e sem SOP, comparar a presença de anticorpos antitireoidianos antiperoxidase (ATPO) e antitireoglobulina (ATG) e achados ecográficos tireoidianos sugestivos de tireoidite crônica autoimune em mulheres com e sem SOP. Sujeitos e métodos: foi um estudo de corte transversal, incluindo 130 mulheres entre 18 e 40 anos dos ambulatórios de ginecologia endocrinológica e de planejamento familiar do Departamento de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas - entre os meses de agosto de 2012 e agosto de 2013 -, sendo 65 com SOP...

PURPOSE: To evaluate parameters related with arterial pressure and metabolic profile in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (POS). METHODS: This monocentric study at the University Hospital Endocrinology Section included 60 women aged 18-45 years, 42 being diagnosed with POS and acting as 18 controls. All women were subjected to transvaginal ultrasound and monitored for arterial pressure for 24 h in the ambulatory (MAP). Venous blood samples were taken between 07.00 and 09.00, after 12 h fasting. Basal (BG) and fasting glucose concentrations, total cholesterol and its fractions, triglycerides and insulin (to calculate the homeostatic assay insulin-resistance, HOMA-IR) were measured. Collected data were the mean arterial blood pressure (24-h awake/sleep cycle), arterial pressure nocturnal descensus, glycemia and fasting glucose for HOMA-IR, and lipid profile. The Student's t test was used to compare homogeneous variables; the Mann-Whitney test was used to compare non-homogeneous variables; the Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to search for correlation between the variables. The c² test was used for comparison of the absence of nocturnal descensus. Significance was taken as p<0.05. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients with POS was 27.4±5.5 (18-45 years...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the prevalence of common mental disorders in women diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome as compared with paired controls without this syndrome. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with a Control Group examining women between the ages of 18 and 30 who did not use antidepressants and who sought the Gynecology Service of the researched sites. For every woman diagnosed with the polycystic ovary syndrome, another with the same age, educational status and presence or absence of sexual partners was sought without this diagnosis. In total, 166 patients agreed to participate, consisting of 95 diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome and 71 in the Control Group. The diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome was made by the presence of two from three criteria: oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea, clinical or biochemical hyperandrogenism and polycystic ovaries on transvaginal ultrasound, following exclusion of patients with Cushing's syndrome, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, and androgen-secreting tumors. Weight and height were measured to calculate the body mass index. The Self-Reporting Questionnaire, which evaluated 20 items, was used as an indicator of common mental disorders. A χ² analysis stratified by the category of body mass index was used to compare the prevalence of common mental disorders...