In 1992 the world observed the quincentenary of Christopher Columbus’s first voyage to the New World. Many books were written about Columbus, his voyages and the impact of his so-called ‘discovery’. However, many indigenous people found few reasons to celebrate the dreadful treatment of the their people that followed in the wake of Columbus in the Americas and later, Captain Cook and other explorers in Australia. ¶ The Northern and Central Land Councils (NLC and CLC), the Australian National University’s North Australia Research Unit (NARU), and the Island Coordinating Council (ICC) of the Torres Strait, were interested in providing a forum at which community people, expert researchers, active indigenous leaders, staff of indigenous organisations, representatives of indigenous communities (including some from overseas), civil servants and the general public could exchange information and ideas. Although history cannot be changed, there are lessons to be learnt from both the past and experiences of others elsewhere in the world. Most importantly just before 1993, the United Nations’ International Year for the World’s Indigenous People, was a good time to seek new opportunities to build better and fairer relationships between indigenous peoples and non-indigenous peoples.; "The conference Surviving Columbus: The Indigenous Environment Today and Tomorrow was held at Kormilda College...

Discussions about economic development in northern Australia tend to ignore the role of Aboriginal people. When issues affecting Aboriginal people are raised in public debate, it is generally within a welfare policy context. There is little recognition that Aboriginal people are engaged in a wide range of commercial activities, and their economic contribution to many local and regional economies is systematically ignored. In this respect, Aborigines are ‘invisible people’. ¶ The economy of northern Australia is highly dependent on government spending and transfers of taxation revenue from other parts of Australia. The fact that a large proportion of the population of northern Australia is comprised of Aboriginal people affects the size of these transfers. However, aboriginal people are routinely blamed for wasting ‘taxpayers’ dollars’ and for undermining economic development. In this respect, aborigines are highly ‘visible people’. ¶ This book examines some of these issues, and suggests that Aboriginal people can be seen as the stable, long-term base of development in northern Australia. The High Court’s decision in the Mabo case has guaranteed that the interests and rights of Aboriginal people will receive a great deal more prominence than they have in the past. Some of the ways that this might occur in northern Australia are discussed in this book.; no

The chapters included in this edited collection were presented as papers at the North Australia Research Unit annual conference, “Planning for environment change : conservation and development in north Australia”, which was held at the Northern Territory Museum of Arts and Sciences in Darwin during September 1991. ¶ The thirty-six papers presented during the three day conference examined conservation and development issues including methodologies for environmental management. While a broad range of issues were raised, paradoxically some themes such as conservation and management of marine resources, cultural resource management and development of alternative energy strategies using renewable energy sources, were not addressed. Nevertheless, the theme of conservation and development is captured in the following chapters which give an indication of current concerns and possible new ways of promoting ecologically sustainable development in Australia’s north.; no

This collection of essays is focused on the economic crisis in Asia and the affects on Australia’s relationship with countries in the East Asia region. The essays are taken from the proceedings of a workshop held in the midst of the crisis and followed the fall from grace of Indonesia’s President Soeharto in May 1998. ¶ The core questions addressed in this volume are linked to the quality and strength of Australia’s relationship with its northern neighbours. The book is invaluable as an update on the impact of the political and economic upheaval on the treaties and memorandums of understanding that network Australia into the East Asia region. It is also a rich source of information on the dynamics of Australian State and Territory involvement in the region. All of the contributors are acknowledged as experts in their field and include senior politicians, public officials, and academics from Indonesia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Australia.; no

"Initially this book was designed as a background paper for the Northern Territory decision-makers examining the greenhouse effect. However, it has developed into a wider ranging study which has three aims. First, it examines the likely impact of the greenhouse effect on Australia and especially on the Northern Territory. This requires some detailed discussion of the state of the science, including the uncertainties, which surround investigations into the greenhouse effect. Next it discusses briefly the role of science and policy making in this important area of concern. Third, the types of policies needed to meet the anticipated environmental changes affecting the Northern Territory are discussed." Introduction.; no

While my book focuses on the story of white settlement in Central Australia, this can not be understood without almost constant awareness of the first inhabitants, the Aborigines. It is here that anthropological research is so vital in clarifying the differences between Aboriginal and European concepts of the land… ¶ In 1983 Tim Rowse concluded in his article ‘Liberalising the Frontier’ the Central Australia was part of Australia’s least successful colonised political unit, the Northern Territory, and one that contains two very different civilisations based on land use and economic organisation. This book selectively examines certain aspects of those civilisations that are more fully assessed when material evidence is known and understood. It also examines how more recent arguments about the ‘future of the past’ in Central Australia can be most effectively viewed when elements which have not traditionally been a part of Australian historical scholarship are taken into account.; no

This volume comprises papers delivered at the North Australia Research Unit’s annual conference held in Darwin on 22-24 February, 1989. The title of the conference, ‘Small Towns in Northern Australia’, attracted not only a wide range of speakers from state government departments, non-government organisations and from other universities, but also a lively and appreciative audience over the three days. Topics discussed included those social, economic and political issues that have both determined the existence, and continue to influence the future development, or small and remote settlements north of the 26th parallel.; no

NARU’s research brief is defined as the study of socio-economic problems associated with the consequences of development now taking place in north Australia. The geographical area of interest remains the whole of northern Australia, broadly defined as that part of the continent north of the Tropic of Capricorn, although this was not to be seen as a rigid boundary. The primary area of interest at NARU is in the social sciences, although work into the natural sciences is not excluded. At least six broad areas of study have been undertaken in the past decade, 1981-1991 (cf Apprndix I). These include research into politics with reference to elections, institutions and local government; economic development of the North including land tenure problems, mineral extraction and the use of the ORANI-NT economic model; studies into Aboriginal society and its reactions to non-traditional ways of life; population and migration in north Australia; research into small towns including service provision; and an extensive multidisciplinary study of the coastal wetlands in the Top End. Many of these areas of study are reflected in the essays in this volume.; no

International migration between the European Union (EU) and Australia has a long history. However, the pattern of this migrational flow has undergone some profound changes in the last decade. This paper provides an Australian-end perspective on these changes using the 2001 Census of Population and Housing, arrival/departure information and survey results to establish the nature and scale of these changes. Australia is recognised, along with Canada, the United States and New Zealand, as a ‘traditional country of immigration’ and the EU has been one of the largest single suppliers of settlers to Australia with 12 percent of Australians at the 2001 Census being born in the EU and a similar number being Australian-born with a EU-born parent. However, with the massive global shifts occurring in international migration, the migration relationship has become much more complex. On the one hand, Australia has entered a new paradigm of international migration in which non-permanent settlement movements have assumed central significance. The EU has been a major source of such people moving to Australia. There has long been a substantial counter flow of people moving from Australia to the EU among which former settlers have dominated. In recent years the numbers of Australian born moving on a permanent or long-term basis to the EU has increased substantially. It is argued that the bulk of research knowledge in Australia is based on the settlement paradigm which is now only a minor part of migration between Australia and Europe. There is a need to reorient research activity in Australia to encompass the new forms of movement. In addition to identifying the scale of the new forms of international migration influencing movements between the EU and Australia...

A special issue of South Australian geographical journal commissioned by the Royal Geographical Society of South Australia to recognise the centenary of the tertiary teaching of geography in South Australia. From tenuous beginnings at the University of Adelaide in 1904, it has grown to a large and important discipline taught in various forms at South Australian tertiary institutions, including related studies in GIS, planning, population studies and environmental management. Indicates the significant role of geography in the community from the beginning of the Society in 1885, which focussed on exploration and the extension of geographical knowledge in South Australia and the Northern Territory. Edited by Nick Harvey and Fay Gale.; Foreword -- The importance of Adelaide in the genesis of academic geography in Australia / Nick Harvey -- The role of Royal Geographical Society of South Australia / Brian Ward -- The development of university geography, 1904-1960 / Fay Gale -- Geography at Flinders University, 1966-2003 / Alaric Maude -- Geography at the University of Adelaide, 1960-1991 / Peter Smailes and Trevor Griffen -- Geography and Environmental Studies at the University of Adelaide since 1990 / Graeme Hugo --The Geography Teachers’ Association of South Australia / Lindsay Francis -- The rise and fall of geography at the University of South Australia / William Slaytor and Neville Harris -- Geography in South Australian universities: future prospects / Nick Harvey and Clive Forster; © Royal Geographical Society of South Australia

While the economics and policies affecting regional areas in Australia have changed markedly over the past few years, there has been very little change in the everyday realities of life in northern Australia. As one of the contributors to this volume notes, northern Australians remain united in 'a shared poverty'. That is, people permanently residing in northern regions - whether pastoralists or Traditional Owners - enjoy only a very small share of the wealth that is generated here. Meanwhile, disempowerment is apparent everywhere in policy development and policy outcomes. How then do we, who reside in the northern Australia, take control of these processes, achieve improved policy outcomes and increase the wealth and social cohesiveness of our region?; "A Collection of Papers presented at a Conference, Challenges of the North, held in Darwin, 28-29 April 2000, convened by The Hon Warren Snowdon, MP."; no

“Looking at Darwin’s Past” explores the history of the most isolated of Australia’s cities yet also, for many Australians, the most exotic. … It is about the efforts of Europeans and their descendants to create and live in Australia’s only tropical capital as revealed in historical structures and sites. Despite its remoteness from other major population centres in Australia, what for Europeans was a harsh climate, natural disasters and the devastation of war, Darwin’s current cultural landscape includes many places that can be viewed as historical evidence. The book shows how such evidence can be interpreted within the wider context of white Australian culture. The book is well illustrated with photographs, drawing, plans and maps.; no

Recently the world has seen a renewed interest in nuclear energy. Australia has large uranium reserves and, according to some commentators, could benefit from this renewed interest. Australia could become the' Saudi Arabia' of uranium exporters. This could include enriching uranium in Australia for export overseas. Nuclear weapons and nuclear energy are inextricably linked. The technology to create reactor grade material can also create weapons grade material. Thus the global security situation and the effectiveness of the international safeguards regime need to be examined before exports are increased and enrichment is considered. During the Cold War, the nuclear threat was a bilateral arms race between the United States (US) and the Soviet Union (USSR). In the post Cold War context the nuclear threat has not dissipated. The new threat is multi-faceted and widespread. It comes in the form of nuclear terrorism, clandestine nuclear weapons programs, illicit trafficking of nuclear materials and regional arms races. These factors all show weaknesses in the Nuclear Non- Proliferation Regime (NPR). The NPR protects Australian Obligated Nuclear Materials (AONM). Australia is a signatory to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT). The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)...

'Beneath the Southern Cross: Increasing Trade Between Argentina & Australia' is a research report designed to demonstrate the benefit to be attained by Australia broadening its trade relationships from the traditional markets of USA, EU and Asia into the newly developing region of Latin America. As a means of establishing this, the report argues Australia has the capacity for this increase and Argentina provides a viable entry point. Argentina's ability to act as a conduit to the rest of Latin America is due to the size of its economy and membership in MERCOSUR, which would place Australia in a favourable position with other members. The motivation for increasing the importance given to Latin America now, while it is still a developing region, is to establish close business and political links before development accelerates and creates greater competition in the region. Although the report is designed to demonstrate Australia will enjoy longer-term benefits when development accelerates, it also argues there are short-term benefits associated with the expansion of trade and the three focus areas for initial expansion will enjoy both immediate and longer-term increases. Education, tourism and nuclear technology were elected as focus areas for increasing trade for several reasons. Education and tourism exports in Australia contribute significantly to Australia's exports and are arguably capable of further increasing their importance in the Australian economy by expanding into new markets. Nuclear technology on the other hand...

The photograph was taken in front of a portrait of Jim Healy, General Secretary, Waterside Workers’ Federation of Australia, 1937-1961

Relations between the Philippines and northern Australia date back to the early years of European settlement. Filipinos made a significant contribution to the development of north Australia throughout the nineteenth century, while a small number of Australians were involved in commerce in the Philippines. In north Australia, where some Filipinos intermarried with Aboriginal people and European settlers, this heritage is reflected in the incidence of Filipino names in present-day northern communities. In more recent years the Northern Territory, and to a lesser extent northern communities in Western Australia and Queensland, have come to see their futures inextricably linked to developments in the countries to their immediate north, particularly Indonesia and the Philippines, and have sought increasingly to strengthen social, cultural and sporting, as well as commercial, ties. For Australians, some commonalities of language, predominant religion, Western cultural experience, and democratic traditions have contributed to making the Philippines especially attractive as a place to visit and to do business with; for Filipinos, Australia has been seen since the 1970s as a desirable destination for migration and, increasingly...

Having only recently arrived in Australia, the new Chilean Ambassador to Australia, HE Mr Fernando Schmidt has expressed a desire to modernise the Embassy and enhance the presence of his mission within Australian. The creation of a new website was identified as a fundamental step in this process. Given that the overriding responsibility of the Embassy of Chile ties in the positive representation of Chile to Australia, it was decided that the website must address current political, economic and social developments within the Republic of Chile. Over the first four years of President Lagos' administration, democratic institutions have been strengthened while relations between the State and the armed forces have normalised. Lagos has confidently led Chile under a social development policy that emphasises equity, the creation of opportunity for all Chilean citizens, particularly the most vulnerable, and redress for the systematic human rights violations of previous administrations. In economic terms , Chile has exhibited considerable stability despite recent adverse international conditions, while GOP has risen 9 .3% since Lagos took office. International integration has also been at the forefront of Lagos' agenda, with successful negotiation of Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) with the European Union...

The 'growth and complexity of business transactions' between Australia and New Zealand (NZ) compels reduction of impediments to trans-Tasman trade. This is the impetus for harmonisation of legal systems relating to trade and commerce across the Tasman. Competition, copyright and consumer protection legal regimes play a large role in trade and commerce and thus behove attention to their harmonisation. COMPETITION LAW: In addressing trans-Tasman inconsistencies in competition law, two issues emerge: institutional coordination and discrepancies regarding exclusionary provisions. institutional coordination can be analysed through a two-stage approach, where stage one envisages bodies working towards a common set of guidelines and sharing information gathering resources and, stage two, where the two bodies have joint adjudication and enforcement procedures. Competition regulators and the governments in Australia and New Zealand have received stage one favourably. There are already programs in place for information sharing and staff exchange. Stage two, however, poses problems since it requires integration,to an extent, of he two countries' judicial and enforcement systems. This is an unlikely outcome in the near future due to the political and social importance of competition law and policy in Australia. legislation with respect to exclusionary provisions has been identified as inconsistent cross the Tasman. Exclusionary provisions...

Foreign direct investment is one of the most important factors contributing to globalization of the international economy. In the past decade, the growth of FDI flows has been unprecedented. Global FDI flows doubled from 1987 to 1992 and doubled again during the following five years to approximately US$450 billion in 1997 and continued to grow strongly in 1998 despite falls in East and South Asia. Current levels of investment between Australia and China have been modest. Despite large trade volumes between Australia and China, FDI has been limited to the last 3-5 years as a result of historical government protectionist policies. As the world moves to a more global liberal trading environment the level of investment between the two countries has increased dramatically. To understand the direction of future FDI between Australia and China the volume and composition of trade will be used as benchmarks to predict the future direction of FDI. Outline paper: The main feature of this research report is to analyse the current and future direction of FDI in Australia and China. This paper seeks to determine whether a direct relationship between the level of investment flow between Australia and China is reflected in the level of trade flow between the two countries. In determining whether a relationship between the volume and composition of trade and investment exists...