Esta pesquisa identifica e analisa as relações entre os aspectos básicos que determinam as estruturas organizacionais – sob a ótica de Henry Mintzberg – e indicadores de desempenho operacional das Organizações Não-Governamentais do Estado de São Paulo. Subsidiariamente, analisa o relacionamento entre estruturas organizacionais e área de atuação, idade, tamanho e composição das receitas. Os aspectos básicos representam os parâmetros de design e os fatores situacionais. Os indicadores de desempenho são analisados sob os aspectos quantitativos e qualitativos. Os indicadores quantitativos aplicados foram: índice de aplicação de recursos na atividade meio, índice de aplicação de recursos na atividade fim, produtividade de mão-de-obra e produtividade de capital. Quanto aos qualitativos, identificam-se os principais fatores com os quais as entidades pesquisadas estão comprometidas no sentido de satisfazer os beneficiários na prestação dos serviços. Realizou-se uma pesquisa de campo, dentro de uma abordagem hipotético-dedutiva, envolvendo 34 entidades ligadas à Associação Brasileira de Organizações Não-Governamentais, por meio de um roteiro para condução de entrevistas. Detectou-se, na análise do conjunto das ONGs...

Entre 1992 e 2005, representantes de 11.921 organizações não governamentais (ONGs) participaram de conferências realizadas pela Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU) e pela Organização Mundial do Comércio (OMC). Tendo em vista que, tradicionalmente, apenas os representantes dos Estados-membros dessas duas organizações seriam admitidos, a crescente presença de atores não-governamentais nesses eventos foi considerada uma das evidências empíricas do surgimento de uma sociedade civil global. Contudo, alguns críticos afirmam que a sociedade civil não seria global, mas concentrada geograficamente em alguns países. Nosso objetivo é analisar se, de fato, existe tal concentração e quais suas principais características. Com esse objetivo, analisamos a distribuição geográfica das sedes das ONGs credenciadas para esses eventos, discutindo dois dos principais argumentos contrários à idéia de sociedade civil global: o primeiro afirma que a sociedade civil não é global porque seus atores estão concentrados em países do Norte (gerando um desnível Norte-Sul, com predomínio numérico e político de ONGs do Norte sobre as do Sul); o segundo, defende que a concentração das ONGs espelha as atuais constelações de poder em âmbito internacional (pois as ONGs seriam...

This study aimed to analyze the leadership style adopted by managers of nongovernmental organizations in the metropolitan region of Belem on the theory of Hersey and Blanchard. This theory is called situational leadership ranks E1, E2, E3, E4 and the styles of leadership and maturity in parallel classes M1, M2, M3 and M4. This study examined the relationship of leadership styles with the maturity of work, identified the relationship of leadership styles as related to psychological maturity and job maturity and psychological maturity. The main objectives were to analyze and relate leadership styles with the maturity of the leaders and understand the phenomenon of leadership from the self-perception of those who lead the organizations studied. To achieve the objectives we used a questionnaire already validated the theory of situational leadership and applied in 320 non-governmental organizations in the metropolitan region of Belem The methodology was quantitative, descriptive and exploratory. The analysis was by descriptive statistics and inferential statistics for univariate and bivariate form, applying the chi-square, the V Crammer and Spearman correlation. The data analysis shows safety, attested to the frequencies, and average margin of error and after application of the tests it was found that a relationship between the leadership style of work with the maturity and psychological maturity. The managers of nongovernmental organizations practicing various styles of leadership and focus on the quadrant of high maturity. It was diagnosed when the manager uses only one style of leadership was the predominance of E3 "share or support"...

Services are failing poor urban and rural people in the developing world, and poverty remains concentrated in rural areas and urban slums. This state of affairs prevails despite prolonged efforts by many governments to improve rural and urban services and development programs. This book focuses on how communities and local governments can be empowered to contribute to their own development and, in the process, improve infrastructure, governance, services, and economic and social development, that is, ultimately, the broad range of activities for sustainable poverty reduction. Countries and their development partners have been trying to involve communities and local governments in their own development since the end of Second World War, when the first colonies gained independence in South Asia. Pioneers in both India and Bangladesh (then a part of Pakistan) developed a clear vision of how it will be done: local development should be planned and managed by local citizens, their communities, and their local governments within a clearly defined decentralized framework that devolves real power and resources to local governments and communities. Capacity support will be provided by technical institutions and sectors and nongovernmental institutions.

Original Ugandan data collected by the authors are used to examine the determinants of funding to local nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). Success in attracting grants from international donors depends mostly on network effects. NGOs that raise in-kind resources locally tend to be young and managed by someone who is simultaneously employed elsewhere. There is some evidence of crowding out: NGOs that receive grant funding are less likely to obtain resources locally, whether in cash or in kind. But this seems to be primarily the result of selection. Once NGO-fixed effects are controlled for, there is no evidence that NGOs receive less revenue from fees and donation after obtaining a grant. These results suggest that donors regard Ugandan NGOs as subcontractors of their development efforts, not as charitable organizations in their own right.

A franchise is a type of business model in which a firm (the franchiser) licenses independent businesses (franchisees) to operate under its brand name. A firm might choose to expand its business through franchising because the arrangement shifts capital investment and day-to-day managerial responsibilities to independent businesses, overcoming two major constraints to rapid growth. The franchiser typically has established a successful product line and so is able to provide specialized business strategies to franchisees in exchange for a fixed fee or royalty payment. Franchisers in the health sector, often supported by international donors and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), establish protocols, provide training for health workers, certify those who qualify, monitor the performance of franchisees, and provide bulk procurement and brand marketing.

The Annual World Bank Conference on Development Economics is a forum for discussion, and debate of important policy issues facing developing countries. This report for 2001-2002 focuses on two main themes, based on papers presented, and discussions that followed: 1) globalization and inequality, drawing on historical trends, through the human capital nexus, and the role of foreign trade and investment, to the geographic and international inequalities of globalization, and how the impact of technological change affected the developing world; and, 2) health and development, focused on the role of nongovernmental organizations in the provision of health care, with a special look at the patent policy proposal for global diseases. Health, income, and economic development are emphasized, so as to highlight the world inequality, and the growing concerns on the rising longevity.

The author presents two descriptive models of nongovernmental organizations and poses mormative questions about public polcy toward nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). In situations in which optimal government intervention in a distorted or inequitable economy employs an NGO-like body, he considers which kinds of NGO might be used. First, in many developing countries NGOs participate in the delivery of what are essentially private goods--in particular, health care and education. In an economy without NGOs, there may be good redistributive and efficiency reasons for the government to provide these goods in kind. But if direct government provision of such services is ineffective or inefficient, when is contracting out to an NGO-like institution preferable to using a traditional for-profit firm? (Another way to frame this is to ask: What is the optimal taxation and regulation of private providers of publicly financed services?) NGOs also provide useful real and financial links with external donors. They are used to provide services the government favors and donors are willing to fund. In this model...

Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) extend education to underprivileged children in India, and develop innovations that improve the quality of primary education. In this study of six NGOs working with school-age children in India, the author shows the potential benefits of a government-NGO alliance to achieve universal primary education. The author emphasizes several areas in which collaboration can be particularly fruitful. 1) Targeting under-served children: The Government could support the efforts of NGOs to bring out-of-school children into schools, through timely supply of teachers, classroom space, and other resources. Targeted action is needed to reach different types of out-of-school children - those who work, those who live in slums, those on the street, those who are members of tribes, or of migrant families, and those who live in places without schools. To encourage young, first-generation learners to stay in school, requires a supportive, and nurturing environment. To help make learning interesting...

RESUMEN. El artículo sostiene una visión crítica hacia la cooperación internacional para el desarrollo en los países pobres, en particular en los de Centroamérica y el Caribe. La cooperación asistencialista, formalista y generalista no funciona en un contexto de contrapartes insinceras, incompetentes o abiertamente corruptas. El fracaso de la actual cooperación ahonda el problema geopolítico de los “Estados frágiles”, donde crecen la delincuencia, el narcotráfico y la emigración. Por ello, se defiende un giro hacia una cooperación más proactiva y de intervención directa-pactada, donde se generen y gestionen nuevos servicios y se ejecuten, sin distorsiones, la mayor parte de las inversiones. Esto implica negociaciones francas, duras y condicionadas con los países acostumbrados a los recursos de la cooperación, mediante fórmulas de cooperación triangular y, a su vez, una gran alianza internacional entre gobiernos donantes, organismos Multilaterales, empresas multinacionales socialmente responsables y organizaciones no gubernamentales en vías de empresarización.; ABSTRACT. The article maintains a critical view of international cooperation for development in poor countries, particularly in Central America and the Caribbean. The welfarist...

The purpose of this study was to identify the role of nongovernmental organizations in Nicaragua and their impact on the status of women. The study analyzed the status of women at the beginning of the revolution, starting in 1980. The study then examined the evolution of non-governmental organizations deriving from the original group named the Luisa Amanda Espinosa Association of Nicaraguan Women (AMNLAE). It then described the impact of non-governmental organizations on policy making and building civic societies. Ultimately, this study analyzed the status of women thirty years after the revolution and demonstrates through institutionalism that because of the effect of non-governmental organizations on society, the status of women has improved. It then concluded that nongovernmental and intergovernmental organizations are necessary for building civic societies wherein gender equality is accepted.

The year 1999 was important for poverty-related research, and policy development in Vietnam. The General Statistics Office had collected household data in the second Vietnam Living Standards Survey in 1998, and made it available for analysis in 1999. And four participatory poverty assessments (PPAs) were implemented during 1999. The author's case study describes how government agencies, donors, and nongovernmental organizations collaborated in implementing the PPAs. The considerable amount of qualitative information about poverty produced in Vietnam over the past eight to ten years has rarely grabbed the attention of policymakers, who tend to view such information as "unscientific" and lacking in credibility. By contrast, the PPAs implemented in 1999 have been widely circulated, used, and quoted. What was different about those PPAs that led their findings to be brought into local, and national policy debates, as previous findings had not been? Working partnerships among donors, and nongovernmental organizations were important...

Bangladesh has marked considerable progress since independence in 1971 despite its dire initial conditions. Real per capita income is about 60percent higher now than in 1971. The share of population in poverty currently stands at about 50 percent, compared with over 70 percent in the early 1970s. Even more impressive has been the progress in improving the social and human dimensions of poverty. Bangladesh's faster gains in human development than in income growth result from public policies that have complemented the remarkable energy at the grassroots level. This energy was effectively channeled by the country's nongovernmental organizations and community-based organizations, many of which are world leaders in their innovative ideas and operational methods. Many challenges remain to be addressed, however, especially in the area of institutions. Remaining gaps in policies and weak institutions have impeded a faster pace of development. Inadequate improvement in governance has particularly constrained the investment climate and greatly diminished the state's ability to deliver basic social services...

Countries receiving debt relief under the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries initiative will be among the first to benefit from the new World Bank -- International Monetary Fund approach to strengthening the impact on poverty of concessional assistance in low-income countries. The new approach features a more inclusive and participatory process for helping recipient countries develop poverty reduction strategies. From these strategies, joint Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSPs) will bring together the country's own priorities and Bank-Fund assistance to the country. In Uganda, such a strategy has existed for several years. Uganda was one of the first low-income countries to prepare a comprehensive national strategy for poverty reduction using a participatory approach. Indeed, its experience contributed substantially to the design of the PRSPs. Uganda's top leadership is heavily committed to poverty reduction. Formulation of Uganda's Poverty Eradication Action Plan (PEAP) in 1996-97 was the executive branch's effort to make that commitment and vision operational. The authors draw lessons from the drafting of Uganda's PEAP. First, the plan made extensive use of existing data and research about Uganda to refocus a range of public policies and interventions relevant to poverty reduction. Second...

Many inhabitants of rural areas in developing countries lack adequate and affordable access to transport infrastructure and services. Improving rural people's access to essential services requires better mobility through transport infrastructure and services as well as the location, price, and quality of facilities. This report focuses on improving rural mobility by facilitating the provision of affordable means of transport and transport services. To deliver significant economic and social benefits, investment in transport must take an integrated approach. Rather than focusing solely on expanding road networks, it should also pay attention to smaller roads, paths, and tracks; the use of private and commercial means of transport; and the importance of transport hubs and markets. Transport planners need to take a holistic approach that involves all stakeholders in a participatory process of assessing needs within a clear policy framework based on the interdependence and complementarity of different means of transport. In addition...

This document assesses the quality of financial accountability and transparency in Nepal and makes recommendations for improvement. The financial accountability assessment is a joint exercise of His Majesty's Government of Nepal (HMGN) and the World Bank, with strong participation by donor partners as well as private agencies, non-government agencies, private sector, oversight agencies, and donor partners. the review concludes that the lack of compliance and poor implementation of the regulations is the single most important problem that affects public sector financial accountability in Nepal. With respect to public funds, the report reviews the Government's budgeting, financial planning, cash flow management, accounting and financial reporting, at the central and local government level. It also reviews the standards and practices of the external oversight agencies--the Office of the Auditor General, the Public Accounts Committee, the Commission for the Investigation of Abuse of Authority, the Judicial Council...

Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) play an increasingly important role in development assistance, but little systematic evidence is available about their objectives and choices in developing countries. The authors develop two stylized accounts of NGO motivation: one in which donor contracts determine location decisions, and another in which altruistic motivations are the principal determinants. The authors then use data from the 1995 and 2000 rounds of the Bangladesh Households and Income and Expenditure Survey to analyze location decisions of NGO programs established between those two sample years. The data show that net change in a community's NGO program was unrelated to the community's need and that NGOs were ready to establish new programs in new areas without being concerned of duplicating the efforts of other NGOs. The findings suggest that contracts with donors, implicit or explicit, probably play a crucial role in determining the incentives that affect NGO program location choices.

In 1999 the U.S. Agency for International Development introduced performance-based contracting in an effort to improve the effectiveness of some of Haiti's nongovernmental organizations in providing basic health services, such as immunization and prenatal and maternal care. These providers has been operating under a payment system that reimbursed their expenses up to a ceiling. The new systems set performance targets and withheld a portion of their historical budget, allowing them to earn back the withheld payment plus a bonus if they met the targets. A one-year pilot involving three providers showed some marked improvements in performance.

This capstone project was designed to develop and provide knowledge and identify skills for local inactive NGOs [Nongovernmental Organizations] only on how to improve on finance management and HR. The project does not intend to teach local NGOs fundraising and voluntarism. The action plan to implement the mission statement demands a more concrete step towards opening a new NGO, named the Center for NGO Development (CND). This organization, if executed properly, will be a resource and full-service training center to help other local NGOs strengthen internal finance and HR capacities. It is anticipated that CND will succeed and enlarge its mission by adapting self-financing strategies and contracting volunteers to produce products and services in forms of manuals and trainings for which an NGO client will be charged a fee.; Chapter 1: The NGO financial viability and organizational capacity in Kosovo -- Chapter 2: NGO capacity assessment methods -- Chapter 3: Research findings and a comparative analysis -- Chapter 4: Making of the center for NGO Development (CND) -- Chapter 5: Basic financial and legal procedures -- Chapter 6: Training program for NGO development -- Chapter 7: Discussion and recommendataions

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this paper is to describe HIV prevention programs conducted by nongovernmental organizations (NGO) that are meeting this challenge. METHODS: One NGO undertaking HIV prevention programs was evaluated in each of the 23 countries participating in the Global AIDS Intervention Network (GAIN) Project throughout Latin America and the Caribbean. A two-stage selection process was used: (1) a search in databases and other information sources; (2) identification of NGOs that were best established and most actively engaged in HIV prevention activity. Executive directors were questioned about staffing, budget issues, populations served and barriers faced by these entities. RESULTS: The 23 NGOs conducted 58 direct-service programs and had been conducting HIV prevention activities for a mean of 8 years (SD = 4.45; range 1-18 years). Average annual program budget was US$ 205 393 (range: US$ 10 000 to US$ 1 440 000). The NGOs reported a mean of 4.5 full-time employees (range 0-15, SD = 4.7). Many relied on volunteers (median = 10, mean = 51, range 0-700, SD = 150) to conduct HIV prevention activities. The NGOs provided prevention services for the general community (82.6%), children and adolescents (34.8%) and men who have sex with men (30.4%). Activities conducted by NGOs included train-the-trainer activities (43.5%) and face-to-face prevention activities (34.8%). Obstacles cited included lack of funding (60.9%) and HIV-related stigma and discrimination (56.5%). CONCLUSION: The strategies used by NGOs to overcome barriers to prevention are a testament to their ingenuity and commitment...